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Topic: Haworth projection

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	Projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Projection (mathematics), any of several different types of functions, mappings, operations, or transformations
		Power projection, the capacity of a state to implement policy by means of force, or the threat thereof, in an area distant from its own territory
		Enamel projections, extensions of dental enamel beyond the normally smooth cervical margin and onto the root of the tooth
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Projection (178 words)

	Haworth projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Haworth projection of the structure for α-
		A Haworth projection is a common way of representing the cyclic structure of monosaccharides with a simple three-dimensional perspective.
		The Haworth projection was named after the English chemist Sir Walter N. Haworth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Haworth_projection (161 words)

	BookRags: Walter Haworth Biography
		Walter Haworth's earliest research was influenced by his contact with William Perkin at the University of Manchester and involved a study of terpenes, a class of hydrocarbons often found in plants.
		Haworth developed a method by which he could determine the sequence of linkages within a molecule and was able to elucidate the detailed formulas for many compounds.
		Haworth was married to Violet Chilton Dobbie in 1922.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/walter-haworth-woc (1117 words)

	[No title]
		A Fisher projection is basically the projection of a tetrahedral carbon atom onto a flat surface.
		In Fisher projections the molecule is called alpha if the newly formed hydroxyl group on the carbonyl group is on the same side as the lowest chiral atom.
		Haworth projections are mostly used for depicting pyranose and furanose rings (six or five atom rings with an oxygen in it).
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/4409/carchem.htm (685 words)

	Glucose animations with Jmol
		The relation between the Fischer projection of D-glucose and the 3-dimensional structure of the beta-D-glucopyranose ring is shown here in the form of a 40 structure animation.
		The starting structure resembles the Fischer projection: the carbon chain is vertical, the aldehyde at the top, and the horizontal bonds pointing towards you (in agreement with the definition of the Fischer projection).
		Therefore Haworth introduced a projection in which the ring is made flat, and the substituents are pointing either up or down.
	cheminf.cmbi.ru.nl /wetche/organic/gluc/glucjmol.html (273 words)

	Haworth Chair -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the example on the right, atoms 2 and 3 (and their corresponding OH groups) are the closest to the observer, atoms 1 and 4 are further from the observer and finally the remaining atoms (5, etc.) are the furthest.
		The Haworth projection, a simple way for representing chemical structures in three dimensions, is named after him.
		Haworth, a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey,
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/68/haworth-chair.html (1157 words)

	Celebration Notes
		Reverend Haworth spoke about the origin and object of the reunion, and also discussed the spelling of the name and they concluded that the "y" had been introduced into the spelling some time in the last 40 or 50 years in North Carolina.
		Haworth of McKendree, was chosen President and Flora Edgerton of Plainfield was Secretary-Treasurer.
		George Haworth was a man of unusual sense of family and his sentimentality has obviously been passed along the blood lines to you.
	www.haworthassociation.org /Reunions/1999Reunion/1999-celebration_notes.htm (15878 words)

	chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The convention is that the two vertical bonds in the projection are pointing behind the plane of projection (plane of paper sheet), and the two horizontal bonds are pointing towards the viewer.
		One of the remaining atoms is oriented behind the plane of projection (dashed bond), one towards the viewer (boldface bond).
		This projection is difficult to use with acyclic molecules but is most popular for representation of cyclic molecules e.g.
	tigger.uic.edu /~kbruzik/text/chapter3.htm (390 words)

	Biochemistry of Carbohydrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When drawn in the Fischer projection, the a configuration places the hydroxyl attached to the anomeric carbon to the right, towards the ring.
		The spatial relationships of the atoms of the furanose and pyranose ring structures are more correctly described by the two conformations identified as the chair form and the boat form.
		Constituents of the ring that project above or below the plane of the ring are axial and those that project parallel to the plane are equatorial.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/carbohydrates.html (806 words)

	Glucose animations with JavaScript and Chime
		The relation between the Fischer projection of D-glucose and the three dimensional structure of beta-D-glucopyranose is shown here in the form of an animation.
		Position the structure in such a way that the carbon chain is vertical, the aldehyde at the top, and the horizontal bonds pointing towards you (conform the definition of the Fischer projection).
		The animation shows the relation between the 3D structure of glucopyranose and the Haworth projection.
	cheminf.cmbi.ru.nl /wetche/organic/gluc/chime2 (275 words)

	Ch328_Lec_24
		In the Haworth projection the sugar ring is represented as a flat polygon, commonly a pentagon or a hexagon, instead of in proper geometrical conformation like a chair.
		The advantages of the Haworth projection are that it is easy to draw, and it is very easy to see whether substituent groups on the ring are on the "top" or the "bottom" of the ring (cis or trans).
		Both represent D-sugars since the methoxy group on the #5 C is pointing up in the Haworth projection (in L isomers it would point down).
	www.humboldt.edu /~rap1/C328.Su04/C328Notes/C328nLec24.htm (941 words)

	Steve's place - Carbohydrates
		C5) in the Fischer projection, and in the Haworth projection, hence D-glucose.
		Haworth notation is a simple and tidy way of representing ring forms, and is fairly self explanatory.
		Firstly, note that for convenience, the Haworth notation for fructose is upside down (carbon-1 is on the left, not the right, of the diagram).
	www.steve.gb.com /science/carbohydrates.html (2287 words)

	Organic Chemistry Part II
		For instance, the Fischer projection may be given in the passage, but the question may center around the structure in a Haworth projection.
		The chirality of the penultimate carbon (carbon five in aldohexoses) is constant according to the D or L status, and the backbone carbons will go from left in the Fischer projection to up in the Haworth projection.
		It is rather simple to solve for the chirality of selected carbons in both the Fischer and Haworth projections, after you have done this once.
	www.berkeley-review.com /TBR/bookdetails/organchempart2.html (2025 words)

	Carbohydrates - Glucose
		The Alpha position is defined as the -OH being on the opposite side of the ring as the C # 6.
		Glucose is defined as the -OH on C # 4 in a horizontal projection in the chair form, (down in the Haworth structure).
		Galactose is defined as the -OH on C # 4 in a upward projection in the chair form,(also upward in the Haworth structure).
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/543galactose.html (492 words)

	JCE 1999 (76) 799 [Jun] A New Method To Convert the Fischer Projection of a Monosaccharide to the Haworth Projection
		JCE 1999 (76) 799 [Jun] A New Method To Convert the Fischer Projection of a Monosaccharide to the Haworth Projection
		-configuration of a sugar in Haworth projection can be directly determined by designating the R,S-configuration of the highest-numbered asymmetric carbon; that is, the most distant carbon from the anomeric carbon.
		A New Method To Convert the Fischer Projection of a Monosaccharide to the Haworth Projection J.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu:8000 /Journal/issues/1999/Jun/abs799.html (188 words)

	Native Polymers & Colloids - by Huber and Praznik (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Fischer projection is not intended to be a true representation of conformation.
		In the Fischer projection of an a-anomer, the exocyclic oxygen atom at the anomeric centre formally is in the cis-configuration to the oxygen attached to the anomeric center; for the b-anomer this oxygen atom is formally trans.
		In the Haworth projection the exocyclic oxygen atom is above the plane for the a-anomer and below the plane for the b-anomer.
	www.uni-graz.at /~huber/npc/chemistry_part2.php (1090 words)

	Haworth Projections
		This tutorial shows the relationship between Fischer and Haworth projections and their relationship with the three-dimensional structure of each anomer.
		Each of the sugars is in its reducing form and shown as both the alpha and beta anomer.
		However, in many cases it is. The translation is directly from Haworth projection to 3-D structure.
	www.nku.edu /~russellk/tutorial/sugar/haworth.html (94 words)

	PSC 3110 Monosaccharides
		Therefore, the hydroxyl group on the asymmetric carbon furthest from the carbonyl group is to the 'right' in the fisher projection.
		So, from a fisher projection of a monosaccharide we can draw two possible cyclic forms (Haworth Projections), the alpha and the beta.
		Using your previous knowledge of Haworth projections and epimers, you could now draw the Haworth projection of the C-3 epimer of 2-deoxy-D-galactose if given the fisher projection of D-galactose.
	wiz2.pharm.wayne.edu /biochem/311monostrfxn.html (866 words)

	QUIZ 2 week 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Quiz 2 - Know the structures of glucose, ribose, mannose, galactose, and fructose in the Fisher projection (p211) and maltose, sucrose, lactose, and cellobiose in the Haworth projection (p222).
		Be certain you know how to represent both L and D forms of the Fisher projection.
		Be able to draw a peptide in the correct ionization state from the one or three letter code for the peptide sequence.
	www.bb.iastate.edu /~bb404/quiz2a.html (100 words)

	Carbohydrate
		Monosaccharide rings such as that of glucose are frequently depicted as a Haworth projection a diagram that suggests the three-dimension orientation of the attached -H, OH, and -C2OH groups in relation to the ring.
		More over, the side groups attached to the ring extend at the various angles, not at right angles as depicted in the Haworth projection.
		In a Haworth projection -OH group points downward, in the alpha (a) form of the sugar, as in a-glucose.
	html.rincondelvago.com /carbohydrate.html (913 words)

	News/Awards
		HOLLAND, MI, June 17, 2005 ----- Haworth Inc. introduces its a_con™ conference table, a high-end table that provides today’s technology-driven organizations with multi-media tools built quietly into the table’s highly polished aesthetic.
		And by smartly merging furniture with media technology, a_con enhances organizational performance through advanced technology and modern design.
		Haworth, Inc., a world leader in the design and manufacture of office environments, is based in Holland, Michigan, operates in more than 120 countries, and employs 7,500 members worldwide.
	www.haworth.com /Brix?pageID=227&item=9 (322 words)

	Tutorial — Carbohydrates
		The substituents written to the RIGHT side of the stick diagram (Fischer projection) point DOWN in the ring diagram.
		The substituents written to the LEFT side of the stick diagram (Fischer projection) point UP in the ring diagram.
		However, I DO expect you to have a BASIC understanding of how you get from the Fischer projection to the ring (Haworth projection) — that the anomeric C may be ?
	www.cofc.edu /poolel/CarbTut1.htm (338 words)

	Exam3 Practice Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Draw the chemical structure of a 6-carbon aldose with the D- configuration, in Fischer projection.
		b) Draw the Haworth projection of a disaccharide that is formed from each of these saccahrides (ring forms), joined by a glycosidic bond, in which there are no reducing ends.
		c) Draw in Fischer projection one epimer of each of the linear saccharides, D-glucose and D-fructose.
	svik.life.smu.edu /5310/exam3-practice.html (1763 words)

	Carbohydrates - Chemistry Professor - Organic, Inorganic, High School, College, Chemistry Tutor - ChemistryProfessor.com
		Terms such as erythro, threo, epimers, anomers, Haworth structures, Fischer projections, levulose, dextrose, and reducing sugars are explained.
		Cyclic structures are introduced in a manner that facilitates transitioning from a Fischer projection to a Haworth projection to the chair conformation and knowing where each attached group appears.
		The physical properties of alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose are discussed, particularly those structures giving rise to different rotations of polarized light.
	www.chemistryprofessor.com /carbohydrates.htm (530 words)

	[No title]
		Identify and/or draw stereoisomers, enantiomers, diastereomers and anomers for a given carbohydrate.
		Interconvert between the ring open structure (Fisher projection) and the ring closed structure (Haworth projection) for a given monosaccharide.
		Draw structures for disaccharides and/or polysaccharides, based on a given glycosidic linkage.
	www.uwec.edu /millerra/myweb/chem150/Chpt17obj.doc (407 words)

	Quiz 24 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Identify the anomeric carbon (is it alpha or beta ?
		The anomeric carbon is on the right in the standard Haworth projection.
		The compound has opposite stereochemistry at C-2 and C-3 relative to D-glucose.
	web.pdx.edu /~wamserc/C336S00/Q24.htm (89 words)

	structure of glucose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Find information about Fischer projection and Haworth projection
		projection formula of a monosaccharide (open-chain form) can be converted
		into a cyclic form written as a Haworth projection formula.
	www.seps.org /oracle/oracle.archive/Life_Science.Biochem/2000.02/000951024294.24299 (188 words)

	Mol4D subjects
		Reactions of the carbonyl group: nucleophilic addition and alpha-H abstraction.
		Shows you the relation between the Fischer projection, the Haworth projection, and the 3D-structure of glucopyranose.
		A number of (experimental) pages on the chemistry of taste and smell.
	www.cmbi.kun.nl /~borkent/BCCE/subjmenu.html (206 words)

	PracticeExamIII
		Explain why aspartic acid is water-soluble while phenylalanine is water-insoluble.
		-Haworth projection for the first carbohydrate on the bare structure on the right.
		Put a STAR next to the carbon in the furanose structure that is the chiral carbon.
	www.cord.edu /faculty/pmork/chem142/PracticeExamIII.htm (416 words)

	Chemistry 352 Resources Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fischer Projection (12 pages, 267 K) Covers the subject of denoting absolute configurations in chiral molecules using the graphical method of Fischer projection.
		Haworth Projection (11 pages, 251 K) Covers the subject of denoting absolute configurations in cyclic sugar using the graphical method of Haworth projection.
		A US government site with links to the Human genome project and many molecular biology databases.
	www.upei.ca /~chem352/Resources.html (1118 words)

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