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Al Hawza

In the News (Tue 21 May 13)

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	\| Victory News Magazine \| The Role of Shahid Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr in Shia Political Activism in Iraq \| Ch 4- Back to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The marja’ is usually selected from among the leading mujtahid in the fiqh and usul al-fiqh, and the candidate has to prove his capacity in these areas by using the Socratic method in his teaching and by publishing his legal opinions.
		Since being appointed depended on the approval of the teachers and mujtahids in the Hawza, the prospect of Sadr’s becoming the grand marja’ of all Shi’as was in jeopardy so long as he continued to be politically active.
		First it was necessary to modernize its curriculum: for the past century and a half, Najaf’s hawza had emphasized only fiqh and usul al-fiqh because that was what Najaf was noted for; other Islamic studies were considered minor or unimportant, and the hawza’s teachers paid little attention to them.
	www.victorynewsmagazine.com /ShahidBaqir4.htm (582 words)

	Marja'iyya of Imam Sadr
		His friend, Seyyed Talib Rifa’i, who was a student in the hawza with as-Sadr, told me during one of my interviews with him that he encouraged Baqir as-Sadr to participate in political activities and to assist in the formation of the Da’wa Party.
		The problem is accentuated by the fact that once students are in the hawza, they can wear the turban and be considered as part of the ulama class.
		Prior to mass, governmental education, the educational background of the hawza students were mostly from elementary schools or basicaly illiterate.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Cyprus/8613/marj.html (4129 words)

	Understanding Muqtada al-Sadr - Middle East Quarterly - Fall 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Hawza was not blind to the threat posed by the Jaysh al-Mahdi.
		This army is composed of suspicious elements, [including] individuals from the extinct regime and its security officers and members of the [Baath] party who have wrapped their heads with white and fl rags to mislead people into believing that they are men of religion when in truth they are only devils...
		In a statement, the Hawza denied Muqtada's qualifications to issue a fatwa and also the permissibility of any suicide operations "regardless of reasons," when it declared, the blood that will be shed without following a legitimate fatwa based on Islamic law will be borne by whoever authorized it to the Judgment Day.
	www.meforum.org /article/655 (4624 words)

	Hammorabi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Najaf Hawza is the theological foundation which includes schools and university established more than 1000 years ago.
		Unlike the Sunni schools which were supported by the governments, Hawza is an independent foundation supported by the charity money from the Shai Muslims all over the world.
		Hawza released many statements about the kidnapping and the killing of the innocent people whoever they are.
	hammorabi.blogspot.com /2004/09/declaration-from-najaf-hawza-najaf.html (344 words)

	Al-Islam.org by the Ahlul Bayt DILP - Hawza - Advanced Islamic Studies
		With the shift of the primary Hawzas from Najaf to Qum, the influence of Iran was inevitable.
		Whilst some may study at a Hawza for decades and devote their entire lives to the study and teaching of traditional Islamic sciences, others study for as little as 3-5 years at a Hawza and thereafter return to their hometowns (sometimes as a full-time Islamic missionary [muballigh]) whilst continuing to study on their own.
		At Hawzas, one of the most advanced texts studied in theoretical 'irfan is the 9 volume magnum opus of Mulla Sadra called al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliya or simply the Asfar of Mulla Sadra.
	al-islam.org /index.php?t=258&cat=258 (2378 words)

	World Media Watch on BuzzFlash.com
		The center of this battle is in a collection of schools called the hawza, or Shi'ite academy, based in Najaf, a shrine city built for Imam Ali, the cousin and son in law of the Prophet Mohammed, regarded by the Shi'ite Ali (or partisans of Ali) as their first leader.
		The hawza has historically been dominated by the traditional Shi'ite view that religious leaders should eschew politics and focus on the spiritual world and on advising their flock.
		The activist Shi'ites sometimes refer to themselves as the hawza natika, or the outspoken hawza, or the thawra (revolutionary) hawza, or faala (active), and disparagingly view their introverted counterparts as the hawza samita, or silent hawza.
	www.buzzflash.com /mediawatch/03/08/22.html (2803 words)

	Hawza Studies - FAQ
		There are however some standard texts in each subject area that are considered "classics" and that all Hawza students are expected to study.
		Mubaahatha is a debate or discussion that Hawza students engage in amongst themselves, whilst studying a text.
		Hawza students are therefore highly encouraged to form such study groups.
	www.al-islam.org /hawza/faq.htm (622 words)

	JS Online: Shiite leaders run the show in Najaf
		Part Islamic religious school, part grass-roots organization, the Hawza has moved into the power vacuum left by the collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime, becoming a shadow government among Iraq's Shiites that the United States will have to deal with as it works toward an interim government.
		Some of the Hawza factions are demanding a political role in whatever government emerges.
		"The Hawza knows what people's needs are, and that is why I am calling for political representation," said Sheik Mohammed Ya'quby, a Najaf-based Hawza cleric who has the status of mujtahid, a holy man of learning, with followers among the disenchanted young in Baghdad, Basra, and Samarra.
	www.jsonline.com /news/gen/may03/139147.asp?format=print (881 words)

	Hawza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hawza is an academy or school of traditional Islamic studies.
		Used generically, the term al-Hawza, or "the Hawza" usually refers to the institution in Najaf, Iraq.
		This page was last modified 17:06, 9 July 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawza (65 words)

	IRVAJ English - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Furthermore, the Hawza seem to be content with the current election law in Iraq, despite the potential damage it could cause the political future of the country.
		The Hawza has often been blamed for the plight of its constituents over the past 80 years after their notorious fatwas demanded all Iraqis to boycott the elections of 1923.
		Given the approved setup, clergymen and politicians loyal to the Hawza will have the opportunity to submit a list blessed by the Grand Ayatollah and enter the legislature without having to worry about the rising popularity of rivals such as Moqtada Al-Sadr.
	www.iranvajahan.net /cgi-bin/news.pl?l=en&y=2004&m=11&d=04&a=13 (964 words)

	Boston.com / News / Rebuilding Iraq
		Students from the Hawza, the center of Shi'a thought and base of its most distinguished Iraqi scholars, fanned out from Najaf across the country, taking the message to mosques across southern Iraq and throughout Baghdad.
		Many of the clerics, with the Hawza's backing, have thrust themselves into the political debate during the past week, demanding free elections and the immediate departure of the US military.
		The Hawza's party line has been conciliatory: Iraq's government must be based on Islam, they argue, but needn't be a religious government.
	www.boston.com /news/packages/iraq/globe_stories/042703_postwar.htm (1216 words)

	aln3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Throughout history there have been approximately eight Hawzas, or Shia Islamic universities, all of which have produced exceptional theologian, philosophers and spiritual leaders conversant in every discipline, from mysticism to science, from philosophy to law.
		(4) The Hawza in Hilla was founded by Allamah al Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn al Muttahar al Hilli, who reached the stage of jihad, or interpretation of jurisprudence, at the incredible age of thirteen.
		But it is the Hawza at Najaf which serves a special mention because of its significance not only as a leading light of all Islamic seminaries but because of its containing pro-active role in enhancing the image and direction of modern Shia Islamic thought.
	www.jana.org /al-noor/page3.html (838 words)

	Middle East Online
		The powerful Hawza, the leading school for Shiite clerics in Iraq, has taken over many of the roles of a civil government, operating the local town hall, guarding hospitals and maintaining order in the streets.
		Militant pressure groups said to be controlled by the Hawza are, meanwhile, fanning out across the city, warning cinemas and liquor stores to close down and start obeying Islamic sharia law.
		Under the old regime Sadr City was officially known as Saddam City, a deliberate affront by the former strongman's Sunni Muslim elite, which kept a tight and often brutal grip on the nation's Shiite majority.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english?id=5867 (770 words)

	Power play at Shiite holy institution \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the crowded field now jostling for power in the Hawza, two holy men stick out: Ayatollah Hakim and Moqtada al-Sadr, the young firebrand son of the late grand Ayatollah Mohammed Sadiq al-Sadr, who is trying to use his martyred father's name to promote himself.
		for the Hawza!" Tuesday, at a press conference, Hakim said he is not ruling out the possibility of running for president of Iraq in the future.
		Hakim's nephew, discussing the new Hawza office in Kirkuk with his visitors, was, he admitted, anticipating a busy few months ahead.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0514/p09s01-woiq.html (934 words)

	FileRoom.org - In Iraq, CPA, L. Paul Bremmer III, close newspaper, Al Hawza
		Description of Artwork: Al Hawza is a Shiite newsweekly that is known for it's anti-American sentiment.
		Results of Incident: Shortly after the paper's doors were sealed, thousands assembled for a protest where protesters screamed, hoisted banners and men charged a line of American troops.
		Bremmer said that the paper may reopen in 60 days, but must adhere to rules ostensibly prohibiting the precipitation of violence.
	www.thefileroom.org /documents/dyn/DisplayCase.cfm/id/770 (201 words)

	In freer Iraq, new curbs on women's wear \| csmonitor.com
		It is called the Hawza el Miya, which is the world's foremost seminary of Shiite religious learning.
		The word of the Hawza is considered the most authoritative in the Shiite world, and presents a challenge even to the clerics in Iran's holy city of Qom, whose role was elevated by the flight of Iraqi religious leaders during Mr.
		It is the Hawza, says an armed guard actively turning away women who are not in abaya, who has ordered the enforcement of this new dress code.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0613/p01s04-woiq.htm (1386 words)

	Asia Times - Iraq and the one-eyed liar
		In an earlier interview, Sheikh Husain al-Tai, the office director of Fudala, explained that their goal was to prove that the hawza could govern all aspects of life in Iraq, political, social, administrative.
		Abu Abdullah explains that the hawza natika was a term created by Mohammed Sadiq al-Sadr during the reign of Saddam to identify his anti-government stance and his Friday sermons criticizing the former regime.
		Abu Abdullah explains that the war with the West is multifaceted, "There is a cultural and educational war, because Western cultural and educational institutions try to destroy the virtues of Islam and the Islamic identity.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/EH22Ak04.html (1669 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Showdown in Najaf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While the restrictions of past days have been lifted and many impediments are no longer in place, the positions of the Hawza (the Shia school of learning) do not point towards any sense of full emancipation from its long tradition of quietism.
		The Hawza, however, is the de facto leader of the Shia community, since its head acquires most of the visibility and authority.
		The lack of action on the part of the Hawza has always encouraged, and empowered, other contenders for authority in the Shia community.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/705/re12.htm (718 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Middle East / Shi'ite pilgrims shun militancy
		In the outpouring of grief and religious fervor, Shi'ites are asserting traditional -- and more reserved -- values to counter the militancy of Sadr's followers, which has driven an armed uprising in Baghdad and across southern Iraq in the past week.
		The omnipresent, if sometimes jury-rigged, security for Arba'in is being handled by the Two Shrine Guard, a Hawza force created last summer with US approval, and the Badr Brigade, the armed wing of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, a Shi'ite party generally sympathetic to US interests.
		Now, a committee of Shi'ite religious parties, their militias, the Hawza, and the Iraqi Governing Council have pooled their efforts to craft a security arrangement they hope will minimize attacks.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2004/04/11/shiite_pilgrims_shun_militancy (1032 words)

	Hawza Illmiyya of London
		Hawza Ilmiyya is a centuries old institution famous for the dispensation of religious education.
		All the way through the heritage of Hawza, students have been studying in the traditional method of learning.
		Hawza Study Programme comprises of an eight-year full-time study programme...
	www.hawza.org.uk (142 words)

	ãÌáÉ ÊÑÇËäÇ ÇáÚÏÏ 3 Ü Õ 3 Ü Õ 7 ÇáÞÓã ÇáÇäÌáíÒí (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Hawza was and is still in utmost need of revival of shi'ite heritage.
		This is one of the best creatures of the Almighty to pace towards their glorious aims by publishing their heritage knowledges and learnings as well as centering the huge abilities of our blessed Hawza.
		Therefore Alulbait establishment prefered to commence its work by publishing a series of books which may play a sensitive and important role in the Hawza, after correction, scrutinising and researching the text and then introducing and producing them in elegant apparel free from errors and pleasing eyes and minds.
	www.rafed.net /books/turathona/3/t14.html (1249 words)

	AhlulBayt Discussion Forum -> Which Hawzah is better (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of my teachers said that both Najaf and Qum are good but if you attend hawza outside of Qum or Iran in general, then they may not recognize your learning or if they do then they may require you take take tests to prove your learning.
		My main instructor also said that Syria has excellent hawza and he studied in both Najaf and Qum but he went to Syria afterwards to gain some additional knowledge from some shaykhs who are there.
		I havnt been to the hawza in Najaf, but I have been the one in Qom and know that they are sortof racist towards African bros and sis.
	www.shiachat.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=47103 (3485 words)

	Search: Al-Hawza - FOX News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Al Hawza or al Hauza was a newspaper in Iraq, started after the removal of Saddam Hussein and is considered to...
		Shi'a scholars worldwide are either graduates of al-Khoei's hawza or students of such graduates, and each one...
		In Iraq, CPA, L. Paul Bremmer III, close newspaper, Al Hawza Editors and staff of Al Hawza Al Hawza is a Shiite newsweekly that is known for it's...
	search.foxnews.com /_1_2789T1R035C3OFK__info.foxnws/dog/results?otmpl=dog/webresults.htm&qkw=Al-Hawza&qcat=web&top=1&start=&ver=2386&nextPageNum=&fastSearch= (552 words)

	Women Losing Freedoms in Chaos of Postwar Iraq
		But even this desolate playground now is mostly off-limits to the 26 girls who live at the orphanage.
		To make sure the boys and the girls didn't mingle, Hawza guards built a brick wall separating the girls' wing from the rest of the building.
		"Groups like the Hawza are taking over people's confidence because people no longer have confidence in the Americans," said Amal Khodhairi, a grande dame of the arts establishment whose Beit al-Iraqi culture center was a favorite place of liberal Iraqis until it was looted last month.
	www.truthout.org /docs_03/printer_052503C.shtml (1080 words)

	Imam Sadr Biography
		Since being appointed depended on the approval of the teachers and mujtahids in the Hawza, the prospect of Sadr's becoming the grand marja' of all Shics was in jeopardy so long as he continued to be politically active.
		Al-Hakim expanded his influence by increasing enrollment in the Hawza in Najaf and by developing plans to establish a Western-style Shica academy in Kufa, where a college education would become available to Shi'i youths who would someday be influential in political affairs.
		In the post-Hakim era, Sadr was recognized in the Hawza as a marj'c and the heir-apparent of Grand marja' Ayatollah Khoei.42 However, he was aware that the marja'iyya, the Shicas' only true source of political leadership, lacked adequate institutional underpinning, even though it was a thousand years old.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Cyprus/8613/biogh.html (6583 words)

	ASNE - ASNE letter to Donald Rumsfeld about Al Hawza
		The stated goals of the United States of encouraging democracy and stability in Iraq have been severely wounded by the decision to close the newspaper Al Hawza.
		People must be trusted, ultimately, to find their way to truth through the multiplicity of voices sprouting in the country.
		Stamping out the voice of Al Hawza will most likely do more damage than good to Iraqâs stability in the short run.
	www.asne.org /index.cfm?id=5135 (202 words)

	Open Hawza By Sam Schechner
		The statement says the purpose of the move is "to open the way to all Iraqis' activities, including the trend this newspaper represents, to participate" in democracy, according to the WP.
		The WP's and NYT's leads, and a story inside USAT, all juxtapose the reopening of Al Hawza with Allawi's stated approval for an air strike a few hours earlier against what the U.S. military said was a stronghold of fighters loyal to Abu Musab Zarqawi.
		Another, darker connection that could be drawn a day later: Wires are reporting this morning that a fuel tanker truck barreled into a police station in Baghdad early Monday, exploding and killing nine people and wounding more than 50.
	www.slate.com /id/2104073 (1150 words)

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