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Topic: Hay Pauncefote Treaty

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	Clayton-Bulwer Treaty - LoveToKnow 1911
		In 1859-1860, by British treaties with Central American states, the Bay Islands and Mosquito questions were settled nearly in accord with the American contentions.' But by the same treaties Belize was accorded limits much greater than those contended for by the United States.
		Until 1866 the policy of the United States was consistently for inter-oceanic canals open equally to all nations, and unequivocally neutralized; indeed, until 1880 there was practically no official divergence from this policy.
		In 1885 the former government reverted to its traditional policy, and the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1902, which replaced the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, adopted the rule of neutralization for the Panama Canal.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Clayton-Bulwer_Treaty (395 words)

	HAY-PAUNCEFOTE TREATY : Encyclopedia Entry
		This agreement nullified the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 and gave the United States the right to create and control a canal across Central America, connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
		The treaty was negotiated under the table by United States Secretary of State, John Hay, and the British Ambassador to the United States, Lord Pauncefote.
		This treaty, though it handed all canal-building power over to the United States, provided that all nations will be allowed to freely use and access the canal and that the canal should never be taken by force.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Hay-Pauncefote_Treaty (152 words)

	Hay-Pauncefote Treaty - MSN Encarta
		Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, agreement negotiated in 1901 between the United States and Britain, providing for the construction and regulation of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama.
		It was signed by John Hay, U.S. secretary of state, and Lord Julian Pauncefote, British ambassador to the U.S. The treaty superseded the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 as the definitive statement of Anglo-American policy concerning an Atlantic-Pacific canal.
		American public opinion began to demand abrogation of the 1850 treaty, which permitted neither the United States nor Britain to act alone in regard to the canal.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553518/Hay-Pauncefote_Treaty.html (307 words)

	HAY-PAUNCEFOTE TREATY,
		American public opinion began to demand abrogation of the 1850 treaty, which permitted neither the U.S. nor Great Britain to act alone in regard to the canal.
		Conversations between Hay and Pauncefote resulted in a draft treaty giving the U.S. complete direction of the construction project, establishing permanent neutrality of the zone and a ban on fortifications, and inviting other nations to join in guarantees of neutrality.
		On April 4, 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established when the North Atlantic Treaty was signed by eleven Western democracies-the.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ha034700.a (697 words)

	Hay-Pauncefote Treaties — FactMonster.com
		A new treaty was signed by Hay and Pauncefote on Nov. 18, 1901, and was ratified by the U.S. Senate on Dec. 16, 1901.
		It nominally retained the principle of neutrality under the sole guarantee of the United States, stipulated that the canal be open to ships of all nations on equal terms, but omitted the clause contained in the first draft forbidding fortifications.
		Pauncefote of Preston, Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron - Pauncefote of Preston, Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote of Preston, Julian Pauncefote, 1st...
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0823063 (439 words)

	Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt - Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901
		The Hay-Pauncefote treaty; named for its negotiators, U.S. Secretary of State John Milton Hay and British ambassador to the United States Sir Julian Pauncefote; enabled the United States to build the Panama Canal.
		No belligerent shall embark or disembark troops, munitions of war, or warlike materials in the canal, except in case of accidental hindrance of the transit, and in such case the transit shall be resumed with all possible dispatch.
		The plant, establishments, buildings, and all works necessary to the construction, maintenance, and operation of the canal shall be deemed to be part thereof, for the purposes of this Treaty, and in time of war, as in time of peace, shall enjoy complete immunity from attack or injury by belligerents.
	www.theodore-roosevelt.com /hayptreaty.html (450 words)

	Chapter 28
		President McKinley was the Republican presidential nominee for the election of 1900 because he had led the country through a war, acquired rich real estate, established the gold standard, and brought prosperity to the nation.
		After a treaty to buy land for the canal had been rejected by the Colombian senate, President Roosevelt, who was eager to win the upcoming election, demanded that the canal be built without Colombia's consent.
		Because of the treaty, friendship with Russia faded away and Japan became a rival with America in Asia.
	www.apnotes.net /ch28.html (1213 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		The settlement, at the mouth of the Hay River,...
		East African people who speak a Bantu language (also called Hays) and inhabit the northwestern corner of Tanzania between the Kagera River and Lake Victoria.
		Hays, Will H. prominent American political figure who was president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA, later called the Motion Picture Association of America)...
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/h/h13.html (1700 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - John Hay
		Hay was born in Salem, Indiana, and raised in Warsaw, Illinois, and educated at Brown University (1858).
		Hay was named U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1897 when his friend William McKinley became President.
		Hay and Adams built homes next to one another on Lafayette Square in Washington, DC, which building is now known as the Hay-Adams Hotel.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=John_Hay (671 words)

	John Hay - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) was an American politician who served as Secretary of State from 1898 to 1905.
		Hay was named U.S. ambassador to Britain in 1897 when his friend William McKinley became President.
		He negotiated the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901), the Hay-Herran Treaty (1903), and the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty (1903), all of which were instrumental clearing the way for the construction and usage of the Canal.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/John_Hay (409 words)

	John Hay
		John Milton Hay was born in Salem, Indiana, the son of a physician who schooled him Greek and Latin.
		Hay spent most of his youth in Warsaw, Illinois, attended Illinois State University (later Concordia College) and received a master's degree from Brown University, in 1858.
		Hay began the practice of law with an uncle in Springfield, Illinois, where he became acquainted with Abraham Lincoln.
	home.u-s-history.com /pages/h853.html (470 words)

	Hay-Pauncefote Treaties - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		HAY-PAUNCEFOTE TREATIES [Hay-Pauncefote Treaties], negotiated in 1899 and 1901 by Secretary of State John Hay, for the United States, and Lord Pauncefote of Preston, British ambassador to the United States, for Great Britain, with the object of modifying the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, concerning the construction of an Isthmian canal in Central America.
		A new treaty was signed by Hay and Pauncefote on Nov. 18, 1901, and was ratified by the U.S. Senate on Dec. 16, 1901.
		It nominally retained the principle of neutrality under the sole guarantee of the United States, stipulated that the canal be open to ships of all nations on equal terms, but omitted the clause contained in the first draft forbidding fortifications.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-hayp1aunc.html (459 words)

	Henry George, Jr. / Panama Canal Tolls -- Equal Terms to All
		Secretary of State John Hay, who signed this treaty for the United States, subsequently reported to the Senate that "the whole theory of the treaty (Hay-Pauncefote) is that the canal is to be entirely American canal.
		The central idea of this treaty, like that of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, was that the canal should be open to the use of all nations on terms of entire equality.
		We show our greatness in holding to the principle of the original treaty to build and operate the canal "for the benefit of mankind on equal terms to all." And were the cost of the canal to be four thousand instead of four hundred millions, our course should be the same.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /george-jr-henry_on-panama-canal.html (467 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1903, the United States and the newly independent country of Panama signed the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty.
		This was a follow-up of the unsuccessful Hay-Herran Treaty, using largely the same terms.
		However, unlike Colombia, Panama would agree to the terms, which established a Panama Canal Zone[?] that was 10 miles wide.
	encyclopedia.kids.net.au /page/ha/Hay-Bunau_Varilla_Treaty (76 words)

	Biography
		The Paris Peace Treaty of Dec 10, 1898, gave Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States and liberated Cuba.
		Hay, meanwhile, persuaded the other powers not to use the revolution as an excuse for further dimemberment of China.
		The treaty also provided that no change in the sovereignty of the territory crossed by the canal should alter the principle of neutrality and of equal rights to enjoy the benefits of the canal.
	members.tripod.com /~McKinley783/President/biography.htm (2673 words)

	About John Hay
		Hay was born in Salem, Indiana in 1838.
		In 1870, Hay became an editorial writer for the New York Tribune.
		John Hay is best remembered for his Open-Door Policy in China and establishing the diplomacy that prepared the way for building the Panama Canal (Hay-Pauncefote Treaty).
	www.johnhaycigars.com /aboutus.htm (289 words)

	[No title]
		Though the treaty as ratified by the U.S. Senate called for allowing U.S. military ships priority and ability to control the canal during times of war, the Panama version passed by their legislature omitted that crucial part.
		In point of fact, this should completely nullify the treaty, but it has continued to be recognized by both parties with little or no discussion over the finer details nonetheless.
		The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Britain allowed for the building of canals, but prohibited the fortification of them and required free international use, as well as dividing any stake in building a canal into a 50-50 share.
	www.xanga.com /item.aspx?user=Blogbat&tab=weblogs&uid=91921294 (1408 words)

	Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
		Negotiations began during the McKinley administration between John Hay, the U.S. secretary of state, and Lord Julian Pauncefote, the British ambassador to Washington.
		The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty superceded the earlier Clayton-Bulwer agreement and would be followed by the failed Hay-Herrán Treaty and the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, both in 1903.
		NOTE: An earlier version of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty was negotiated in 1900, but the agreement failed to provide for fortification of the anticipated canal and did not seek an international guarantee of the canal's neutrality.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h929.html (411 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Why Did We Give Away the Panama Canal?
		In 1901 the second Hay-Pauncefote treaty declared a plan for the United States to build a canal through Central America.
		Secretary of State John Hay then sought an agreement to let the U.S. use a 10-mile-wide stretch of land through Panama, which was then part of Colombia.
		Two treaties, the Panama Canal Treaty and the Treaty on the Permanent Neutrality of the canal, declared that the United States would, by degrees, transfer control of the canal to Panama, completing the process by the year 2000, after which Panama would keep the canal neutral, and both countries could protect it.
	www.americanheritage.com /places/articles/web/20050907-panama-canal-torrijos-carter-hay-pauncefote-bunau-treaty.shtml (937 words)

	US Involvement with the Panama Canal
		American officials negotiated the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty with Britain in 1901, in which the two countries agreed that the United States alone could build and regulate a canal.
		Two weeks later Panama signed a treaty with the United States giving permission for the canal project.
		In exchange for their independence, then, Panamanians were forced to accept the treaty, which no Panamanian ever signed, that virtually gave away the canal zone to the United States.
	www.panamacanal-cruises.com /panama-canal-history/usinvolvement.htm (445 words)

	Held Up the Wrong Man
		Pauncefote, signed a treaty that gave the United States exclusive rights to a
		In December 1901, Congress ratified the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, and the
		Colombian senate rejected the treaty in August 1903.
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /canal/canal-negotiations.htm (765 words)

	The Nobel Peace Prize 1912 - Presentation Speech
		After he had left the government, Root gave himself heart and soul to the cause of peace, and he is now president of the great Carnegie Peace Foundation
		When he spoke on this in the Senate last spring, he gained the admiration of all friends of peace.
		The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) between the U.S. and Great Britain provided that the Panama Canal be open to all nations on equal terms; the U.S. Panama Canal Act (passed in 1912 and repealed in 1914) exempted U.S. ships from tolls.
	www.nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1912/press.html (639 words)

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