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Topic: Hayward Fault Zone

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	Hayward Fault Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The magnitude of an earthquake is proportional to the length of the rupture, while the ground motion in a large region surrounding the fault is highly dependant upon the local soil conditions and (as recently recognized) reflected energy from deep discontinuities in the earth's structure.
		The Hayward fault is considered to be particularly dangerous due to the poor soil conditions in the alluvial plain that drops from the East Bay Hills to the eastern shoreline of San Francisco Bay.
		In its northern extent the Hayward Fault lies directly beneath the portion of highway 13 that is south of highway 24, extending north directly under Lake Temescal and further under the centerline of the football field of Memorial Stadium at the University of California, Berkeley.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Hayward_Fault_Zone (936 words)

	ScienceDaily: Hayward Fault Zone
		Hidden Fault May Contribute To Bay Area Earthquake Risk (December 21, 2004) -- Earthquakes are not unusual in the San Francisco Bay Area, but a team of Penn State geoscientists believes that the hazard may be greater than previously thought because of a hidden fault under Marin...
		Hayward Fault Zone -- The Hayward Fault Zone is located in northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area.
		Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are...
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Hayward_Fault_Zone (1388 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Hayward Fault Zone
		These four fault structures are the major known active slip-strike faults associated with the relative motion of the Pacific Plate to the North American Plate in California at the latitude of San Francisco.
		The Hayward fault is considered to be particularly dangerous due to the poor soil conditions in the alluvial plain that drops from the East Bay Hills to the eastern shoreline of San Francisco Bay.
		In its northern extent the Hayward Fault lies directly beneath the portion of Highway 13 (the Warren Freeway) that is south of its intersection Highway 24 and north of its teminal connection with Interstate 580 (the MacArthur Freeway).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone (3746 words)

	Hayward fault slip vector and rate constraints at Berkeley: Reinterpretation of East Bay Landforms and Tectonic Hazards
		The Hayward fault climbs from 400 feet at Strawberry Creek to 800 feet at the crest of the western Berkeley, a rise of 120 meters.
		A projection to the fault of the bedrock stream profile is thus required to estimate the Wisconsin-era canyon morphology, and to recover the maximum vertical separation of the beheaded profiles.
		Topographic map in the vicinity of the Hayward fault zone, southeast section of Berkeley, circa 1923 Note the abrupt increase of slope at the fault-line and the geometry of streams offset by the Hayward fault.
	www.berkeleycitizen.org /hayward.html (2703 words)

	[No title]
		As described in this report, the Hayward fault zone is a zone of highly deformed rocks which trends north 30 degrees west from an area southeast of San Jose to the San Pablo Bay, and ranges in width from 2 to 10 kilometers.
		Although historic earthquake activity has been concentrated in the western part of the zone, the zone as a whole reflects oblique right-lateral and compressive deformation along a significant upper crustal break over the past 10 million years or more.
		In addition, the text file discusses the development of the fault zone in the past 10 million years, the relationship of the Hayward and Calaveras fault zones, and the significance of the creeping strand of the Hayward fault (as most recently defined by Lienkaemper, 1992).
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1995/of95-597/hf_g1.ReadMe.txt (1061 words)

	t21b in fm06
		A nonlinear fault surface with a restraining bend and a releasing bend that are symmetrically distributed was defined in the middle of the fault blocks.
		In that part of the fault, a band of relatively strong Mesozoic rocks is present in the western fault face as shown by a 3-D geologic map of the fault zone, perhaps confining fault offset to a narrow "channel".
		The development of normal fault arrays seems to be related to the shear stress at the interface of the viscous and brittle layer, caused by downsagging of brittle layers in the main graben and concomitant sideways and upward flow of the underlying viscous material.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm06&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm06/fm06&maxhits=200&="T21B" (10320 words)

	Geotimes - October 2000: News Notes/Geothermal power in the West
		In the USGS report, the Hayward fault estimates are based in part on the idea of a cycle of strain buildup and release, says David Schwartz, chair of the team that wrote the 1999 report.
		Prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the 1886, magnitude-6.8 earthquake on the Southern Hayward fault was considered California’s “big one.” An earthquake might have ruptured the Hayward fault in 1836 as well, Schwartz says, but in the early 1990s it was discovered that the earthquake did not originate on the Hayward fault.
		In his reassessment of the Hayward Fault, Burgmann took advantage of satellite-based radar techniques that are relatively new to the field of seismology.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/oct00/hayward.html (850 words)

	ScienceDaily: North Anatolian Fault
		The North Anatolian Fault is one of the most energetic earthquake zones in the world.
		Subduction Zone, Shallow Depth Make Lethal Mix In Earthquake That Triggered Asian Tsunami (January 7, 2005) -- The location of the recent earthquake that triggered a deadly tsunami in the Indian Ocean came as no surprise to geologists, says Anne Meltzer, a world-renowned seismologist at Lehigh University.
		On the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle (the upper mantle or lower lithosphere) which is...
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/North_Anatolian_Fault (1477 words)

	Hayward Fault Studies
		The Hayward fault along the eastern side of San Francisco Bay is arguably one of the most hazardous faults in the world when one considers the probability of an earthquake together with the density and nature of development along it.
		The initial processing defines the 'Clustering Signature' (CS) for the seismicity on any seismogenic fault segment, and this signature reveals the pathology of that fault in terms of waveform similarity within the population of events, a unique characteristic of the fault zone that defines the degree of clustering in the earthquake process.
		Ground motions recorded at BDSN stations in the vicinity of the northern Hayward Fault are shown in Figure 16.2.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /annual_report/ar98_99/node20.html (2133 words)

	Hayward Fault Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hayward Fault shares the same relative motions of the San Andreas.
		Fault creep has displaced this Fremont, California curb since its construction about 15 years previous.
		This geotourism exhibit featured a 12- to 15-foot deep pit exposing the Hayward Fault, which could be viewed "face to face" from a shaded platform by descending a staircase.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone (3971 words)

	Hayward fault tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Hayward fault extends from San Jose 120 km or about 74 miles northward along the base of the East Bay Hills to San Pablo Bay.
		This slow movement, called fault creep (or tectonic creep) can easily be observed where cultural features such as streets, curbs, and buildings straddle the Hayward fault and are deformed by the slow movement.
		Fault creep is most easily recognized where curbs and other structures are bent in a specific direction called right-lateral offset.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~shirschf/tour-1.html (318 words)

	Hayward creep processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The fault between 5 and 12 km depth is believed to slip entirely in earthquakes, but the surface fault and deepest part of the fault also slips by a process of aseismic creep.
		This foundation was constructed after the last Hayward earthquake, but several other features offset in the 1896 earthquake have also continued to be offset by creep, indicating that creep incompletely releases strain energy applied to the fault.
		The displacement far from a fault can be measured with GPS methods to an accuracy of approximately 1 mm, but the displacement on the fault can be measured 100 times more precisel;y with a creepmeter.
	cires.colorado.edu /~bilham/HaywardCreep.html (413 words)

	ABAG Bay Area Fault Rupture Hazard Info
		Because faults are weaknesses in the rock, earthquakes tend to occur over and over on these same faults.
		The California Geological Survey publishes maps of the active faults in the Bay Area that reach the surface as part of its work to implement the requirements of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Act.
		Fault information in these digital files is not sufficient to serve as a substitute for the geological site studies required under Chapter 7.5 of Division 2 of the California Public Resources Code.
	www.abag.ca.gov /bayarea/eqmaps/faults (299 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rapid post-earthquake fault slip along the Foothills thrust belt located northeast of the San Andreas may be a precursory phenomenon to impending rupture, and could influence the timing of future earthquakes on nearby faults affected by the associated stress field.
		The Hayward fault last ruptured in 1836 and 1868 on its northern and southern segments, respectively, whereas the northern San Francisco Peninsula segment of the San Andreas fault slipped about 2-4 m during the 1906 earthquake and ruptured previously in 1838 (Ellsworth, 1990).
		We find that the postseismic fault slip further increases the load on the San Andreas fault immediately to the NW of the Loma Prieta rupture, while the combined coseismic and postseismic effects have a retarding effect on the Hayward fault zone and most of the Calaveras and San Gregorio-Hosgri fault zones.
	www.geophys.washington.edu /NEHRP/Reports/FINAL/g2447fnl.htm (9732 words)

	tour-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Clear evidence of fault creep is found in Fremont where Gardenia Way crosses the Hayward fault near Ivy.
		The Hayward fault can be identified in several locations crossing the streets in Fremont.
		On undeveloped hillslopes, the fault trace is marked by streams that are bent, almost at a right angle, by right-lateral movement of the fault.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~shirschf/tour-2.html (335 words)

	ABAG Bay Area Fault Rupture Hazard Info
		Because faults are weaknesses in the rock, earthquakes tend to occur over and over on these same faults.
		The California Geological Survey publishes maps of the active faults in the Bay Area that reach the surface as part of its work to implement the requirements of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Act.
		Fault information in these digital files is not sufficient to serve as a substitute for the geological site studies required under Chapter 7.5 of Division 2 of the California Public Resources Code.
	quake.abag.ca.gov /faults (299 words)

	COYOTE LAKE EARTHQUAKE 6 AUGUST 1979
		The purposes were to inspect the Calaveras fault zone for signs of surface displacement resulting from the earthquake, to identify any associated land instability or geologic hazards, and to gather data for fault evaluation relative to Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones.
		The Calaveras fault zone is part of a system of active faults which branch from the San Andreas fault south of Hollister.
		Strain may have accumulated at the surface along the fault zone, and was released during and after the August 6 earthquake as spasmodic fault creep.
	www.johnmartin.com /earthquakes/eqpapers/00000041.htm (1424 words)

	Tiny Movements Ease Fault Risk in East Bay / Pressure builds up less in northern Hayward segment
		That steady motion, however small, establishes that the northern fault segment is not ``locked'' deep underground as it is on the southern segment, and therefore unlikely to pose a threat.
		Many earthquake researchers believe that the two faults must be linked, and last year's working group set the probability at 32 percent for a major devastating quake on the two faults together -- the highest threat for any fault region in the study.
		All the faults that lace the Bay Area are, in fact, smaller branches of the great San Andreas Fault zone, which runs for more than 600 miles from Point Delgada on the far Northern California coast all the way down to the southern San Bernardino region.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2000/08/18/MN25836.DTL&type=printable (853 words)

	Northern Hayward Fault Network
		The purpose of the network is twofold: to lower substantially the threshold of microearthquake detection and increase the recorded bandwidth for events along the Hayward fault; and to obtain bedrock ground motion signals at the bridges from small earthquakes for investigating bridge responses to stronger ground motions.
		The Northern Hayward Fault Network (NHFN) is operated by the BSL and currently consists of 20 stations, including those located on the Bay bridges.
		As originally planned, the Hayward Fault Network was to consist of 24 to 30 stations, 12-15 each north and south of San Leandro, managed respectively by UCB and USGS.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /annual_report/ar99_00/node6.html (2798 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In addition, the cultural noise along the fault does not allow for highly precise definition of the seismic activity down to magnitude zero nor for determining the three-dimensional structure of the fault zone, as has been completed for the Loma Prieta and Parkfield, CA regions of the San Andreas fault zone.
		The instrumentation being deployed in the new Hayward fault digital network is modeled after, and extends for real-time analysis, established technical means developed in the study of seismogenic fault zones at the highest possible resolution.
		Finally, the clusters are source arrays deep within the fault zone for study of properties within the cluster patches (P and S waves) and in the fault zone to the surface as fault-zone guided waves (Ben-Zion and Aki, 1990).
	www.geophys.washington.edu /NEHRP/Reports/FINAL/g2122fnl.htm (4682 words)

	ScienceDaily: Creeping Reduces Quake Risk On Berkeley Fault, Say Science Authors
		The Hayward fault is one of the major branches of the well-known San Andreas Fault System that crisscrosses coastal California.
		Fault zone properties like temperature, stress, fluids, and the type of rock help determine whether the adjacent crustal blocks of a fault move past each other in the relatively abrupt, stick-and-slip motion that causes earthquakes, or in a more gradual, smooth motion called aseismic creep.
		The seismic scenario that best fits their model, say the Science researchers, is of a Hayward Fault with a split personality: a relatively immobile southern half that is locked at depth, adjacent to a freely-slipping northern segment.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/08/000824082006.htm (1010 words)

	Engineering Geology of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) System, 1964-75
		The Moraga fault is believed to be an ancillary thrust connected to the Hayward fault at depth (Borchardt and Rogers, 1991).
		However, within the Hayward fault zone, only about 25% of the movement was detected with 3 feet of the opening, with the remainder of the volumetric relaxation occurring between 3 and 10 feet, and possibly further.
		Aseismic creep along the Hayward fault, as measured in the south (C1) BART tunnel, between Dec. 1971 and April 1979 (from Brown, Brekke and Korbin, 1981).
	www.sonic.net /~mly/www.geolith.com/bart (12351 words)

	USGS Release: A Virtual Tour of the Hayward Fault (3/9/2006 1:15:04 PM)
		At the time, this Hayward fault earthquake was known as the great San Francisco earthquake, but it lost that title on April 18th, 1906, when the San Francisco earthquake struck along the San Andreas Fault.
		In a 2003 USGS report on earthquake hazards in the Bay Area, the Hayward fault and it’s northern continuation through Santa Rosa, the Rodgers Creek Fault, were assigned a 27 percent probability of producing a magnitude 6.7 or larger earthquake within the next 30 years, the highest probability in the entire Bay Area.
		The new Hayward fault map and virtual tour are intended to serve as an educational tool.
	www.usgs.gov /newsroom/article.asp?ID=1452 (823 words)

	Hayward Fault: Maps and Tours
		Since the Hayward fault creeps, there are numerous places where you can see evidence of the fault movement in the form of offset curbs and cracks in buildings.
		The Hayward fault runs through the UC Berkeley campus and is most notable for crossing through Cal Memorial stadium.
		It follows the Alquist Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, which was designed to identify fault rupture zones.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /hayward/hf_maps.html (496 words)

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