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Topic: Hazel Grouse

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	hazel
		Hazel grouse are found in a wide variety of habitat types that provide this structural requirement; old growth as well as managed deciduous or coniferous forests of different harvest regimes and successional stages.
		In Japan, sport hunting of hazel grouse is popular, but shooting bags have dropped from 50,000 in the late 1960s to 5,000 in 1991, because of a population decline.
		A dramatic decline in hazel grouse numbers in Japan coincided with an increase in red foxes; in parts of Europe, increasing numbers of generalist predators and wild boar are believed to result in reduced survival and nesting success.
	www.gct.org.uk /gsg/grousesp/HAZEL.HTM (1246 words)

	hazel - definition by dict.die.net
		Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand.
		Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam.
		Hazel grouse (Zo["o]l.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied to the American ruffed grouse.
	dict.die.net /hazel (120 words)

	Grouse - Birds ProvenceBeyond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The hazel grouse (or hazelhen) is found in northern Europe an in most of the Beyond area, except along the coast.
		This beautiful grouse (male) is all fl, with a white wing bar, red head patch, and a lyre-shaped tail.
		In the spring and autumn, the fl grouse gather in large groups at communal display grounds, or "leks".
	www.beyond.fr /birds/grouse.html (134 words)

	Hazel Grouse
		Hazel grouse is an endangered species in the mountaneous forests of central Europe.
		Hazel grouse observation points were expanded according to hazel grouse home range size and randomly assigned to calibration and validation maps.
		Habitat suitability for hazel grouse in the swiss Jura Mts.
	www2.unil.ch /tetraspool/HazelGrouse.html (716 words)

	Hazel Grouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hazel Grouse or Hazel Hen (Bonasa bonasia) is a large bird in the grouse family.
		The plumage of this plump bird is finely patterned, but Hazel Grouse essentially has grey upperparts, brown wings and chestnut flecked white underparts.
		The calls, or the burr of the flying birds' wings, are often the only indication of this grouse's presence, since its shyness and dense woodland habitat make it difficult to see.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hazel_Grouse (240 words)

	Hazel (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hazel (Corylus) is a genus of nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including Common Hazel.
		Hazel Dormouse, a species of rodent that feeds on the nuts of hazels
		Hazel, a color similar to that of hazel trees, a bluish-green tinged with brown
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hazel_(disambiguation) (195 words)

	Bulletin AVES
		The Hazel Grouse was probably to be found in all types of copse when these were regularly exploited, and shortly afterwards.
		Thus Hazel Grouse numbers have fallen, on the one hand, because the soil is too poor for hazel, and on the other, because on the richer soils of the hornbeam oakwoods, the hornbeam has formed a dense cover.
		The fewer and degrated copses inhabited by the Hazel Grouse are, to all extents and purposes, the result of the industrial revolution, when wood ceased to be a prime source of energy and fertilizer.
	www.aves.be /bulletins/1993_3.htm (1553 words)

	Bonasa sewerzowi
		ADW: Bonasa sewerzowi: Classification: Bonasa sewerzowi (Chinese grouse).
		2003 Population ecology of the Chinese grouse, Bonasa sewerzowi, in a fragmented landscape.
		[Ecology and behaviour of the Chinese Grouse Bonasa sewerzowi.] Ornithol.
	www.specieslist.com /endangered/scientific_name/B/Bonasa_sewerzowi.shtml (2762 words)

	IUCN SSC - Species Survival Commission
		The Grouse Specialist Group (GSG) was formally founded in 1993 by the World Pheasant Association (WPA) and SSC, although grouse specialists had already maintained a close network within the WPA since the 1970s.
		Grouse play an important conservation role, because as typical representatives of a wide spectrum of natural habitats, they are indicators of ecosystem health.
		Twenty-six hazel grouse were radio-tracked and he got good results on their home range, habitat selection, brood movement, chick dispersal and winter social behaviour.
	www.iucn.org /themes/ssc/sgs/sgprofiles/grouse.htm (2113 words)

	Grouse species in Europe - Black Grouse -
		The fl grouse is one of the grouse species with the broadest habitat requirements.
		Outside the boreal forest, fl grouse are found in structurally similar habitats such as moorland and heaths, young and open regenerating conifer forests after disturbances such as fire, storm, or clearcutting, treeline habitats and alpine pastures in mountainous areas, as well as fields and meadows, and military training grounds.
		After willow ptarmigan and hazel grouse, it is the most numerous grouse species in the bag of Fennoscandian and Russian hunters.
	www.grouse-tourism.de /grouse/grouse_black.html (386 words)

	Grouse family
		The Grouse are a smallish family of gallinaceous birds of higher latitudes in North America and Eurasia.
		Grouse can be a serious challenge to see, and even more so to photograph.
		Among these the prairie grouse have the most elaborate leks and displays, and are the most endangered.
	www.montereybay.com /creagrus/grouse.html (1566 words)

	black
		In winter, fl grouse feed on shrubs such as Vaccinium, Calluna, and Juniperus and, if these are snow-covered, they rely on catkins, buds, twigs, and needles of various tree species, especially birch, alder, and willow, but also spruce and pine.
		Drainage and destruction of moorland, fertilisation or afforestation of heathland and sheep pastures, and the declining use and maintenance of alpine summer pastures by grazing and mowing are common causes of the deterioration of fl grouse habitats.
		Locally, however, reserves are seen as vital for fl grouse conservation: In Belgium, the Netherlands, and northern Germany, most remaining populations are in nature reserves (or military training grounds, which have similar effects), which are considered to be critical for their survival.
	www.gct.org.uk /gsg/grousesp/black.htm (2205 words)

	DYNAMICS OF GROUSE POPULATION IN TRENTINO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia) inhabit the lower and medium altitude woodland (700-1200 m average range) and are associated with a mosaic of deciduous trees and conifers in different aged stands.
		Hazel grouse populations, that live in the low altitude woodlands where seasonal variation in climatic conditions is relatively small, exhibited relatively low levels of variation between mountain groups (CV = 29.73 ± 2.67 SE).
		For fl grouse and hazel grouse detrended series, a significant negative relationship was observed in synchrony with distance (bootstrapped cross-correlation vs distance between pair of populations r = -0.20, n = 153, P < 0.05; r = -0.39, n = 120, P < 0.001, respectively).
	mpa.itc.it /jae/jaepaper.html (8584 words)

	www.npsumava.cz ~ Oficiální stránky Správy NP a CHKO Šumava
		Since 1972 the distribution, abundance and habitat use of Hazel Grouse, Bonasa bonasia, was studied in a 100 km
		Along fixed routes (80 km) all reactions of the grouse to imitations of the male territorial song, as well as indirect indications (dust baths, feathers, droppings, tracks) were recorded.
		In the course of the study, Hazel Grouse densities varied between 2.4 and 5.4 territories per km
	www.npsumava.cz /stranky.php?idc=336 (161 words)

	Grouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grouse are from the order Galliformes which inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere.
		These birds feed mainly on vegetable food, but will also feed on insects, especially when feeding young.
		Dusky and Sooty Grouse were formerly treated as one species, Blue Grouse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grouse (141 words)

	Grouse species in Europe - Hazel Grouse -
		The southern limit of the species mostly parallels the southern border of the boreal forest; in central Europe the hazel grouse also occurs in deciduous temperate forests and montane forests south of the boreal zone.
		Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation related to changes in human land use or silvicultural practices are the most important threats to the hazel grouse.
		A loss of a dense understorey in industrial forests (central, southern Europe; Fennoscandia), and clearcutting (boreal forest) may result in declining hazel grouse numbers.
	www.grouse-tourism.de /grouse/grouse_hazel.html (438 words)

	grouse - definition by dict.die.net
		grouse n 1: (game bird) flesh of any of various grouse of the family Tetraonidae; usually roasted; flesh too dry to broil 2: popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet v 1: hunt grouse 2: complain; "What was he hollering about?" [syn: gripe, beef, squawk, bellyache, holler]
		Note: Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina).
		Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioc[ae]tes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D.
	dict.die.net /grouse (169 words)

	Grouse fotopages - Fotopages.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The most happy moments for a breeder are on the day when the youngsters are hatching and being transferred from the hatcher to their first nursery box where they are given sufficient artificial heat to survive for the first week.
		Most of the grouse species were at full dispaly, and many young members of Aviornis were under impression of the extreme beauty of the members of the grouse family kept and bred in Messelbroek.
		We are extremely glad to mention that most of our young grouses have made it safe and well throughout the summer and are all doing well in their present premises in Belgium.
	tetrao.fotopages.com (1241 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The occurrence of hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia in forest patches in a heavily human-impacted landscape with a matrix dominated by agricultural fields in northeastern China was documented four times during autumn and spring 2000-2002.
		The occurrence of hazel grouse in fragmented landscapes in Europe is influenced by patch isolation, size and composition.
		One reason may be that Asian hazel grouse are adapted to more open, deciduous-dominated habitats and form flocks in winter, which may allow them to move more freely over open habitats to forest patches.
	www.wildlifebiology.com /2003/sun.html (336 words)

	Information on Grouse
		[1913 Webster] Note: Among the European species are the red grouse ({Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse ({Bonasa betulina}).
		Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge ({Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse ({Pedioc[ae]tes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse ({Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge ({D. Canadensis).
		grouse n 1: flesh of any of various grouse of the family Tetraonidae; usually roasted; flesh too dry to broil 2: popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet v 1: hunt grouse 2: complain; "What was he hollering about?" [syn: gripe, crab, beef, squawk, bellyache, holler]
	www.wkonline.com /d/Grouse.html (231 words)

	Risto Tornberg. Effect of changing landscape structure on the predator-prey interaction between goshawk and grouse. ...
		The proportion of grouse in the diet of goshawks has decreased since the 1960's, in accordance with the decline of grouse populations.
		The proportion of grouse was highest in spring and it decreased towards the end of the nestling phase.
		Prey types replacing grouse are generally smaller, which may cause the change in the male's morphology.
	herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514256379/?lang=en (448 words)

	Birds - The Hazel Hens
		Their flight, like that of the Ruffed Grouse, is noisy and rapid, though not far extended, and when disturbed they take refuge among the thickest leafy branches of a tree.
		The male does not appear to "drum" after the manner of its relative, but utters, as his call to the opposite sex, a sort of melancholy long-drawn whistle, which in Scandinavia is often imitated by means of a hollow pipe of bone, wood, or metal, and the bird lured within shooting distance.
		Of the habits of the Gray-bellied Hazel Hen (T. griseiventris) of eastern Russia, little or nothing is known, and the same may almost be said of Severtzov's Hazel Hen (T. severtzovi) of western China.
	www.oldandsold.com /birds/bd1-236.shtml (245 words)

	Chinese Grouse
		Severtzov's hazel grouse Chinese grouse Chinese hazel grouse (Cheng), ban 1 wei 3 zhen 1 -ji 1 'stripe-tailed hazel fowl',...
		Chinese grouse Bonasa sewerzowi, Chinese grouse Bonasa sewerzowi, ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus.
		Jon Swenson: Other research is on landscape ecology of the hazel grouse and conservation biology of the endangered and endemic Chinese grouse.
	www.specieslist.com /endangered/common_name/C/Chinese_Grouse.shtml (1424 words)

	gbwf.org, Grouse - Aviculture & Conservation
		Sometimes considered a subfamily of Phasianidae, the nine genera of Grouse have recently been moved to their own family, Tetraonidae.
		Grouse are unique, feathered-legged galliformes that are found in the forests and grasslands of the Northern Hemisphere.
		The Ruffed Grouse is perhaps the most well established species in North America and the Black Grouse in Europe.
	www.gbwf.org /grouse (398 words)

	Definition of Grouse from dictionary.net
		Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina).
		Pedioc[ae]tes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (
		The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family.
	www.dictionary.net /grouse (129 words)

	Grouse Sounds
		There are 23 audio clip matches for 'Grouse'.
		Females are attracted and move through the lek sizing up the males before allowing their choice to mate with them.
		Ruffed Grouse call; from John Feith's Bird Song Ear Training Guide CD
	www.junglewalk.com /sound/Grouse-sounds.htm (160 words)

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