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Topic: HbA1c

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	what is 'HbA1c'? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The HbA1C test is currently one of the best ways to check diabetes is under control; it is the blood test that gets sent to the laboratory, and it is done on the spot in some hospital clinics.
		There is no point in having your HbA1c measured if you are not trying to achieve good control of your diabetes, although the level does predict the likelihood of complications from your diabetes.
		Your ideal HbA1c depends on your general health, and whether or not you use insulin, etc, and is discussed here.
	medweb.bham.ac.uk /easdec/prevention/what_is_the_hba1c.htm (550 words)

	HbA1c - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		HbA1c is shorthand for glycated hemoglobin A1c, a surrogate marker for blood glucose levels.
		A diabetic with good glucose control has a HbA1c level that is close to the or in the reference range.
		The HbA1c level is proportional to average blood glucose concentration over the previous four weeks to three months (some researches state that the major proportion of it value is related to a rather short term period of two to four weeks [2]).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HbA1c (215 words)

	Info and facts on 'HbA1c' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		HbA1c is shorthand for glycated hemoglobin (A hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues) A1c, a surrogate marker for blood glucose (A monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy) levels.
		A diabetic with good glucose control has a HbA1c level that is close to the reference range (additional info and facts about reference range).
		The HbA1c level is proportional to average blood glucose concentration over the previous two to four weeks (it was previously thought to average over approximately three months).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hb/hba1c1.htm (219 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions on Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		HbA1c is formed when glucose in the blood binds irreversibly to hemoglobin to form a stable glycated hemoglobin complex.
		HbA1c is only eliminated by the normal replacement of red blood cells, which have a life span of 90-120 days.
		HbA1c values are directly proportional to the concentration of glucose in the blood over a period of 90 days and are not subject to the wide fluctuations of blood glucose monitoring.
	www.quickmedical.com /metrika/faq2.html (633 words)

	Encyclopedia: HbA1c
		In health-related fields, a reference range is a set of values of some measurement that a physician or other health professional can use to interpret a set of results for a particular patient.
		The HbA1C test is currently one of the best ways to check diabetes is under control; it is the blood test that gets sent to the laboratory, and it is done on the spot in some hospital clinics.
		HbA1c levels by coincidence nearly equate to glucose levels.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/HbA1c (473 words)

	MedicalPost.com: HbA1c level an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Taken together, the reports prove that glycosylated (or glycated) hemoglobin, a biochemical marker that correlates with level of ambient glycemia during a two- to three-month period, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, regardless of diabetes status, wrote Dr. Hertzel Gerstein, director of the division of endocrinology at McMaster University, in an accompanying editorial.
		She noted that current diabetes guidelines recommend a target HbA1C level of 7% to lower risk of small-vessel complications such as blindness, kidney disease and nerve damage—but the appropriate level for lowering heart disease risk still needs to established.
		A one-percentage-point increase in HbA1c was also associated with a 24% increased relative risk of death in men and 28% in women, independent of factors such as age, body mass index, smoking and history of cardiovascular disease.
	www.medicalpost.com /mpcontent/article.jsp?content=20041011_130057_5116 (886 words)

	What is the HbA1c test? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		HbA1c test results are expressed as a percentage, with 4 to 6 % considered normal.
		The HbA1c "big picture" complements the day to day "snapshots" obtained from the self-monitoring of blood glucose (mg/dl), and the two tests can be equated as in the printable diabetes chart.
		Also, realize that HbA1c results may reflect the averaging of a period of high glucose with a period of low glucose, as opposed to the consistent readings required for good control.
	www.geocities.com /diabeteschart/hba1ctest.html (256 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: HbA1c
		HbA1c is a test that measures the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in your blood.
		The closer your HbA1c value is to normal, the less risk you have for these complications.
		HbA1c is normal if it is 5% or less.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003640.htm (718 words)

	HbA1c "Stoplight" Tool: Patient Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		HbA1c tool (below on this page) is a visual way to give words of encouragement that empower the patient to take control of blood glucose levels.
		Gloat over the fact that she made a great accomplishment, and encourage her to be proud of it.
		To the right of the stoplight are the average daily blood sugar that correspond with the patient's HbA1c level.
	www.alaska.net /~akdm/Clinical/patient_ed/hba1c_pat_ed.htm (787 words)

	HBA1C
		HbA1c is formed when glucose molecules attach to HbA molecules in a process known as glycosylation.
		The process by which HbA1c is formed, however, occurs in the absence of enzymes and is therefore referred to as non-enzymatic glycosylation, or simply 'glycation'.
		Indeed, it has been suggested that half of an HbA1c value is attributable to the previous month, a further quarter to the month before that, and the other quarter to the two months before that.
	www.embeediagnostics.com /features/hba1c.htm (1030 words)

	Heritability of protein glycation...
		A substantial genetic effect on HbA1c was suggested by the higher interclass correlation coefficient (r) in MZ (r = 0.77) than in DZ (r = 0.53) twin pairs, an inference that was confirmed by quantitative genetic model fitting analysis.
		In this study HbA1c levels were significantly correlated in 33 MZ twins concordant for diabetes (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), as well in 45 MZ twins discordant for diabetes (r = 0.52; p < 0.001).
		The value of estimating HbA1c in the assessment of long-term glycemic control and the implications for the development of diabetic complications are, hence, undisputed.
	www.medforum.nl /idm/heritability_of_protein_glycation___.htm (1030 words)

	Hemoglobin A1c - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Type 1, and Metabolic Disorders treatment and medications
		HbA1c may be separated by charge and size from the other hemoglobin A components in blood by a procedure called high pressure (or performance) liquid chromatography (HPLC).
		Therefore, HbA1c is a useful indicator of how well the blood glucose level has been controlled in the recent past and may be used to monitor the effects of diet, exercise, and drug therapy on blood glucose in diabetic patients.
		Since HbA1c is not influenced by daily fluctuations in blood glucose concentration, it cannot be used to monitor day-to-day blood glucose concentrations and to adjust insulin doses nor can it detect the day-to-day presence or absence of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
	www.medicinenet.com /hemoglobin_a1c/article.htm (613 words)

	What Is HbA1c?
		HbA1c is a compound created in your body when excess blood sugar sticks to a protein in your red blood cells called hemoglobin (Hb).
		HbA1c is formed over time, so the HbA1c test results give you a picture of your average blood sugar control since the last test.
		People with diabetes have higher HbA1c values because their bodies have difficulty managing their blood sugar levels.
	www.starlix.com /info/controlling/hba1c.jsp (253 words)

	Search: HbA1C - FOX News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		HbA1c is also removed when erythrocytes (red blood cells) are recycled...
		Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a minor component of hemoglobin to which glucose...
		HbA1c test (hemoglobin A1c test, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c test, glycohemoglobin A1c test, or A1c test) is a lab test which reveals average blood glucose over a period of two to three months.
	search.foxnews.com /_1_27R1T4U0416F55D__info.foxnws/search/web/HbA1C (699 words)

	Standardization of HbA1c measurements
		HbA1c is now widely used for glycemic control and there exist several analytical techniques which are precise and easy to use, allowing automation of the assays and real-time analysis in diabetes clinics.
		The authors concluded from their study that the method of HbA1c measurement used determines the degree of correction required and therefore they recommend a consensus approach, although this may be difficult to achieve.
		Although DCCT harmonization has obviously improved comparability of HbA1c values, this study indicates that continuing efforts must be made by scientific societies and manufacturers to obtain true standardization of HbA1c measurement on an international basis.
	www.medforum.nl /idm/standardization_of_hba1c_measurements.htm (827 words)

	HbA1c Testing Has Clinical Utility in Selected Populations
		HbA1c levels above 6.1% is a useful predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
		Testing glucose tolerance with HbA1c levels is convenient and may lead to earlier identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus in selected populations.
		HbA1c testing correlates with long term glucose control and is a standardized laboratory test.
	www.med.umich.edu /pediatrics/ebm/cats/hgba1c.htm (216 words)

	UPHS Health Topics: Diabetes/HbA1c Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is a simple blood test that indicates how well your diabetes has been controlled over the past three months.
		Once hemoglobin becomes glycated, it remains that way for the life of the red blood cell, which is three to four months.
		Studies have shown that people with diabetes who are able to keep their levels at 7% or less reduce their risk for complications such as blindness, kidney disease and nerve damage.
	www.pennhealth.com /health_info/tips/diabetes/hba1c_test.html (233 words)

	Hemoglobin A1c - HbA1c (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Testing HbA1c levels in your office has many benefits and is a critical complement to blood glucose values.
		A: People diagnosed as having diabetes should get the HbA1c test at least two times a year if their blood sugar is in the target range and stable.
		A: Both the DCCT and UKPDS studies showed that the lower the HbA1c number, the greater the chances that people with diabetes will slow or prevent the development of serious eye, kidney and nerve disease.
	www.hemoglobina1c.com (982 words)

	MDRTC Hemoglobin A1C Fact Sheet
		The HbA1c is strongly associated with the risk of development and progression of microvascular and nerve complications.
		It is recommended that HbA1c be used for all patient care and for newly initiated research, since this is the assay used in the DCCT and most other clinical trials.
		Although it is recommended that the HbA1c assay be used in all newly initiated studies, continued use of the TGHb assay is recommended for ongoing studies that have already been using this assay.
	www.med.umich.edu /mdrtc/cores/ChemCore/hemoa1c.htm (925 words)

	eMJA: Point-of-care testing of HbA1c and blood glucose in a remote Aboriginal Australian community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		For HbA1c measurement, part of each original whole blood sample was transferred to a container with EDTA as preservative, and flown on ice 2000 km to Perth.
		POC capillary HbA1c measurements and laboratory analyses of venous blood were subsequently performed in 88 of these people (all with capillary glucose level ≥ 5.0 mmol/L or self-reported diabetes).
		POC capillary HbA1c concentration is compared with laboratory plasma HbA1c concentration in the same patients in Box 2.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/182_10_160505/mar10732_fm.html (3313 words)

	Diabetes 123 - HbA1c Measurement
		Since red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 90 days, measuring the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin can provide an assessment of average blood sugar control during the 60 to 90 days prior to the test.
		There are several methods for measuring HbA1c, and results from one method cannot be compared directly with results from another method.
		The DCA 2000, made by Bayer Diagnostics, provides HbA1c values in 6 minutes from one drop of capillary blood obtained via a finger stick.
	www.diabetes123.com /d_06_h00.htm (828 words)

	testing Your Diabetes with the Glycated Hemoglobin test or HbA1c
		The glycated hemoglobin test, (HbA1c, also called "hemoglobin A1c" or "glycohemoglobin" and sometimes incorrectly referred to as "glycosylated hemoglobin test") is an important blood test used to determine how well your diabetes is being controlled.
		The test provides an average of your blood glucose measurements over a six to 12 week period and is used in conjunction with home blood glucose monitoring to make adjustments in your diabetes medicines.
		The higher the HbA1c, the higher the risks of developing complications related to diabetes.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/46/1667_50935?z=1667_50936_6504_00_08 (413 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - DETERMINATION OF HBA1C IN NORMAL CONFIGURATION DOGS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES
		HbA1c can therefore be a suitable indication of the long term control of diabetes.
		The HbA1c column procedure, based on the ion exchange microchromatographic method, was used.
		There was no significant difference in HbA1c between males and females (P=0.3570) nor between age groups (P=0.6555).
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00244.htm (257 words)

	Rimonabant Study Shows Significant Improvements in HbA1c and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in People With Type 2 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Among patients whose baseline HbA1c was higher than 7%, the American Diabetes Association(3) treatment goal, 52.7% of patients on rimonabant 20mg vs. 26.8% of patients on placebo (p less than 0.001) reduced their HbA1c to below this goal by the end of the study.
		As was the case with HbA1c, more than 50% of the improvement in HDL levels were calculated to be beyond that attributable to the weight loss achieved (p less than 0.001).
		In addition to the improvements in lipid profiles, a reduction of 18.9% in the prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome was observed in the 20mg group compared to 7.6% in the placebo group (p=0.007).
	press.arrivenet.com /health/article.php/652228.html (1190 words)

	Defeat Diabetes: Is HbA1c Affected by Glycemic Instability?
		The results reveled that the mean ± SD for HbA1c was 7.66 ± 1.11% and for BG was 8.5 ± 1.9 mmol/l (153.3 ± 34.9 mg/dl); SD of BG for individual subjects was 3.5 mmol/l (63.3 mg/dl), varying from 0.4 mmol/l (8.1 mg/dl; very stable glycemia) to 8.4 mmol/l (152.5 mg/dl; very unstable glycemia).
		Rather, the statistical relationship between glycemic variance and HbA1c is, for all practical purposes, entirely accounted for by the tendency of people with increased fluctuations in BG to have increased mean BG.
		The DCCT found that although HbA1c was the predominant determinant of risk, it did not account for the entire risk of retinopathy progression; other unidentified factors contributed to a difference between the conventionally and the intensively treated groups.
	www.defeatdiabetes.org /Articles/hba1c031002.htm (739 words)

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