Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump

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	Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump located where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains begin to rise from the prairie 18 km northwest of Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada on highway 785, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and museum of Native American culture.
		The buffalo jump was used for 5,500 years by aboriginal peoples of the plains to kill buffalo, by driving them off the 10 metre high cliff.
		The Blackfoot drove the buffalo from a grazing area in the Porcupine Hills about 3 kilometers west of the site to the "drive lanes," lined by hundreds of cairns, then at full gallop over a cliff.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Head-Smashed-In_Buffalo_Jump (376 words)

	Head
		Head of the Harbor, New York Head of the Harbor is a village located in 2000 census, the village had a total population...
		Valley Head, Alabama Valley Head is a town located in 2000 census, the population of the town is 611.
		Head of the Charles Regatta The Head of the Charles Regatta is a Cambridge.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/head.html (2114 words)

	Buffalo Jump
		Head- Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is designated as a World Heritage Site by the United Nations (UNESCO).
		Countless millions of buffalo were killed, en masse, by the First Nations Peoples by driving entire herds (males, females and young buffalo) over cliffs and harvesting them at the bottom of the "buffalo jump".
		According to Julian Welch, horses and bow and arrow were not used during the heyday of the buffalo jump.
	www.mysteriesofcanada.com /Alberta/buffalo_jump.htm (440 words)

	A Pillow Book from the Land of Artichokes
		Everyone assumes the name of the buffalo jump, Head-Smashed-In, refers to the crushed skulls of the buffalo who were driven in thunderous, stampeding herds over the rocky promontory of the cliff to fall to their death on the kill site below.
		The choreography of the buffalo jump was intricate.
		Prior to the buffalo jump, as herds were approaching the gathering basin, songs were sung to the spirit of the buffalo and men, women, and children carried buffalo-shaped stones and fossils with them for good luck.
	lovesinsects.blogspot.com /2004_05_09_lovesinsects_archive.html (1133 words)

	David Sovka feature - The Last Good Place: Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
		The Head-Smashed-In Jump, for example, was used for at least 6,000 years (possibly 10,000 years) by semi-nomadic aboriginal peoples, up till the European introduction of the horse and rifle, a technological quantum leap which made buffalo jumps unnecessary.
		Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is one of 13 World Heritage sites in Canada; visit www.parkscanada.gc.ca for links to more information
		That sense of rare and precious history led the United Nations to designate Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump a World Heritage Site in 1981- joining a long list of outstanding sites forming the cultural heritage of mankind, like Machu Picchu in Peru, the Taj Mahal in India and the Palace of Versailles in France.
	www.davidsovka.com /feature-odt-buffalo-jump.html (1112 words)

	Dry Island Buffalo Jump
		The last recorded use of Head-Smashed-In as a buffalo jump was in the middle of the 19th century.
		While many other buffalo jump sites on the North American plains were subsequently disturbed, Head-Smashed-In remained virtually intact, with extensive and well-preserved bone beds layered to a depth of 10 metres (33 feet) in some areas.
		Some buffalo jumps, such as Dry Island northeast of Calgary in the Red Deer River Valley, are high enough for the drop to instantly kill the animal.
	raysweb.net /dryisland/pages/headsmashedin.html (1100 words)

	RE: when history began and Head-Smashed-in-Buffalo-Jump
		buffalo prior to the advent of the rifle: the interpretative
	www.eh.net /lists/archives/eh.teach/feb-1995/0010.php (161 words)

	Buffalo Jump
		The interpretive centre at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is built into the sandstone cliffs.
		For 5,700 years the buffalo jump was used by the Plains hunters, but the arrival of the horse in the mid-1700s signaled the beginning of the end to this traditional way of hunting buffalo.
		Constructed in 1987 to blend into the sandstone cliffs, the interpretive centre tells the story of a buffalo jump that was used continuously for more than 5,500 by aboriginal peoples on the plains.
	macleodgazette.awna.com /Tourism/buffalo/buffalo_jump.html (856 words)

	Head-Smashed-in-Buffalo Jump
		At the start of the southern migration, scouts would alert the bands and hundreds of warriors would meet the herd and drive the thousands of buffalo across the plain towards the “jump”.
		It was the Buffalo which sustained the native people of the Northern Plains.
		Although hunted near extinction, buffalo numbers are now increasing in private and conservation herds in Canadian and US national parks.
	www.canada.co.nz /media/story_122.htm (602 words)

	Untitled Document
		At Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump, more then 100,000 bison jumped to their death from the cliffs of Head Smashed In.
		Even though the cliffs do not look large enough to kill animals, many arrow heads were found at the bottom indicating that people were at the bottom ready to kill off the survivors.
		The bison jump located in Alberta, Canada, is one of the largest and oldest bison jumps recorded.
	codesign.scu.edu /anthroweb2/028/Lydia/Buffalojump.htm (194 words)

	Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, Canada
		The name "Head-Smashed-in Buffalo Jump" originates from a hunting accident in the 18th c.
		Some 16 km (10 mi.) west of Highway 2 North, by the unmade-up Highway 785, lies the area known as Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1981.
		A band of rock some 300 m (984 ft) long in the lush, undulating grassland ends in a steep precipice, and for more than 5000 years the prairie Indians in the course of their organized buffalo hunts used to drive the panic-stricken beasts over the precipice to their death.
	www.planetware.com /canada/head-smashed-in-buffalo-jump-cdn-ab-abhs.htm (282 words)

	Social Studies 7-9 Bibliography 1999 - Titles and Descriptions "H"
		Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, in southern Alberta, is the largest, oldest, and best preserved example in the world.
		(CAN, I/M) At Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, the Blackfoot people share thousands of years of cultural heritage with the rest of the world.
		Developed more than 8,000 years ago, the "buffalo jump" was still in use as recently as the 1870s.
	www.sasked.gov.sk.ca /curr_inst/iru/bibs/soc789bib/tdh.html (1689 words)

	Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
		Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is an archaeological site located on the southern end of the Porcupine Hills in southwest ALBERTA.
		Beginning nearly 6000 years ago and continuing until the mid-19th century, NATIVE PEOPLE of the Northwest Plains used Head-Smashed-In as one of the many ingenious traps designed to kill large numbers of buffalo (see BISON).
		They used skilful decoy techniques to round up herds of buffalo and stampeded them across the Porcupine Hills and over a 10 m-high cliff.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&ArticleId=A0003656 (126 words)

	Blackfoot Indians
		The buffalo, considered the very source of life and the major symbol of the Sun Dance, influenced the time and locality of the ceremony, which were chosen by the proximity of the buffalo herds.
		The buffalo would graze in the basins above the cliffs where the young men would disguise themselves under wolf and buffalo calf skins to lure and then push the herd into narrow drive lanes marked by stone cairns (heaps of stones), some of which are still evident.
		Out of respect of kinship with the buffalo and the sense of eating their own flesh the Blackfeet describe the hunt as leading the buffalo and calling to them, not driving or chasing them to their death.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/wilson/ant304/projects/projects98/krochenskip/krochenskip.html (2177 words)

	Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre
		Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is one of the world’s oldest, largest, and best preserved buffalo jump sites known to exist.
	www.thecowboytrail.com /hsi.html (117 words)

	Head-Smashed-In Interpretive Centre, Alberta Canada
		The story of Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre, Canada alberta is an attraction for tourists.
		Accommodation at Inns and lodging near Head Smashed In are for travel ers having recreational vacations at Head Smashed Inn.
		Lodging in motels, hotels in alberta Canada near Head Smashed In are in fort macleod.
	www.watertoninfo.ab.ca /thead.html (331 words)

	InfoHub Forums - Western Canada Part Two - More Adventures In Western Canada
		As the buffalo got closer, additional measures were taken to ensure that the buffalo were heading in the right direction.
		I grip the railing and tilt my head over the side, surprised to see that the cliff isn't incredibly high; the buffalo had a far shorter fall than I had originally imagined.
		The hunt began miles away from the actual jump drive lanes marked by stone cairns (piles or brush, dung and rock) helped direct the buffalo to the jump.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=4198 (2545 words)

	Archaeological Sites
		Head-Smashed-In Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a kill site located in southwestern Alberta, in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies.
		For a successful kill, the wind had to be blowing in the right direction so as not to alert the buffalo to the danger of the cliff and the young men acting like wolves had to be patient.
		Aboriginal people would use the cliffs to drive herds of buffalo off to their demise.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/northamerica/headsmashedin.html (311 words)

	Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, Alberta, Canada
		Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre, located 165 kilometres south of Calgary and 18 kilometres north and west of Fort Macleod, is one of the best preserved and oldest buffalo jumps in North America.
		When the rest of the tribe came to butcher the buffalo, they found the brave with his head smashed in, crushed by the weight of the buffalo.
		The interpretive center documents the buffalo hunting culture of the Plains Indians from their beginnings until the arrival of the Europeans.
	www.cuug.ab.ca /VT/h-s-i-b-j.html (293 words)

	Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
		Unfortunately for him, the harvest was unusually good that day and when he was subsequently freed from the cliff, his head had been crushed between the rock face and the carcasses of the buffalo.
		Buffalo were everything to these people, and the best hunting sites were jealously guarded.
		As many as 300 buffalo could die in a few minutes, providing ample supplies of meat and hide for the long western winter.
	www.discovercalgary.com /FeaturesReviews/LocalAttractions/8-44.html (732 words)

	...Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump...
		A view of the cliffs that make up the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump.
		The fog did enhance the effects of the jump, making it amazingly eerie with how completely the cliff edge disappeared as soon as
		It probably would have been more senic, if not for the dense fog that made the 90 minute drive from Clagary seem like a trip through a neverending void of grain and cattle.
	house.ofdoom.com /~hungerf3/imgdb/imgdb.rxml?id=392 (85 words)

	Wind Speaker: Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump. (Great Gifts? Give Books!).(Book Review)@ HighBeam Research
		Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump in southern Alberta is one of the oldest, largest and most well-documented buffalo jumps in North America.
		In a redesigned and updated version of the book Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, author Gordon Reid takes us on an insider's tour of the sites, excavations and resources at the Head-Smashed-In Interpretive Centre.
		For more than 10,000 years it was a 'world center' for Paleolithic hunters, nomadic Plains tribes and members of the Blackfoot Confederacy.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:95777104&refid=holomed_1 (191 words)

	Buffalo Jumps
		The famous Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump near Fort Macleod in Alberta Canada was in use from at least 5,600 years ago until the mid 1800's.
		The most famous buffalo jump is at a place called Head-Smashed-in Buffalo Jump.
		A buffalo jump was a cliff or steep bank over which herds of buffalo were driven to their deaths.
	www.digonsite.com /drdig/native/8.html (284 words)

	head-smashed-in
		GETTING THERE: Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is 108 miles (l75 km) from Calgary, west of Fort Macleod on Secondary Hwy #785.
		In his memory this place is called Estipah-Sikikini-Kots, which in the Blackfoot language means "where he got his head smashed in."
		It is a dramatic story, told in a dramatic manner here 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Fort Macleod, Alberta, where one of Canada's most exciting museums commemorates a culture going back at least 5,500 years.
	www.firsttravelbug.com /c-head-smashed-in.htm (278 words)

	Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		hunting ground and World Heritage Site, SW Alta., W Canada, 15 mi/24 km W of Ft. McLeod; 36 ft/11 m cliff on N side of Oldman R. valley, 1 of 150 sites in valley where buffalo (bison) were stampeded in large herds and plunged to their deaths by Plains Indians.
		Spear points date to 7000 B.C.; horses were in use by 1830s; final drive mid-1800s.
	www.bartleby.com /69/38/H02238.html (107 words)

	TrailsCanada
		The Cliff Top Trail leads from the top floor of the Head-Smashed-In-Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre along the ridge to the site where for over 10,000 years the people of the Plains stampeded herds of buffalo to their deaths.
		Interpretive signs along the trail document the buffalo hunting culture of the Plains people from ancient times to the arrival of the Europeans.
		The jump site is one of the largest and best preserved in western Canada.
	www.trailpaq.com /english/01_find_e./01_details_e.cfm?TrailID=4852 (228 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Estipah-skikikini-kots (Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump), Alberta, Canada
		The jump is a section of Paskapoo sandstone which stands as an escarpment about two kilometres long, running from southwest to northeast.
		The earliest surviving evidence of human use of the jump is preserved in the stratigraphy immediately above the rubble from this collapse.
		The jump itself is a 1000-feet section of cliff that has a consistent vertical drop of near 40 feet.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A2654697 (1622 words)

	KET Instructional TV Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
		A re-creation of a Peigan hunt at the world's largest, oldest, and best-preserved buffalo jump, designed to spark discussion in middle school classrooms about the importance of geography to Native American societies and the reasons for the near extinction of the American bison.
		Through a re-creation of a Peigan people’s hunt at the world’s largest, oldest, and best-preserved buffalo jump, students learn about the importance of geography to Native American societies and about the reasons for the near extinction of the American bison.
		Stories from Native elders, a visit to the Buffalo Jump Pow Wow, and interviews with archaeologists reveal the complexity of Plains Indian culture.
	www.ket.org /itvvideos/offering/social/buffalojump.htm (227 words)

	Canada Alberta Calgary Canadian sightseeing tours trips Native pow wow culture Head-Smashed-In Historic sites Cowboy trail Boundary Ranch NWMP Rodeos
		Day 4 is spent visiting Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, a place where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains meet the great plains, is one of the world's oldest, largest and best preserved buffalo jumps.
		Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981, Head-Smashed-In has been used continuously by aboriginal peoples of the plains for more than 5,500 years.
		On Day 3 you head off to a traditional rodeo and perhaps participate in a Native American Powwow.
	www.adventures.ca /gasnet/1508-4.htm (699 words)

	Alberta Motorcoach Tour Waterton Lakes National Park
		After breakfast we will head south along Highway #2 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of “Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump”.
		Calgary - Head Smashed in Buffalo - Waterton Lakes Nat’l Park
		The $10 million interpretive centre at Head-Smashed-In blends unobtrusively into the ancient sandstone cliff.
	www.bcreservation.com /van_mc_info8.html (437 words)

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