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Topic: Head driven phrase structure grammar

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	Encyclopedia: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Grammar is the study of the rules governing the use of a language.
		In phrase structure grammars, such as generalised phrase structure grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar and lexical functional grammar, a feature structure is essentially a list of property types with values.
		Carl Pollard, Ivan A. Sag (1994): Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Head_Driven-Phrase-Structure-Grammar (604 words)

	Generalised phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generalised phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages.
		Their book Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar, published in 1985, is the main monograph on GPSG, especially as it applies to English syntax.
		Among these conventions are a sophisticated feature structure system and so-called "meta-rules", which are rules generating the productions of a context-free grammar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Generalised_Phrase_Structure_Grammar (280 words)

	[No title]
		Phrase structure grammars are specified in a manner similar to {\sc dcg}s, allowing definite clause procedural attachment.
		The difference between feature structures and the representations used in phonology and in {\sc gpsg}, for instance, is that it is possible for two different substructures (values of features at some level of nesting) to be token identical in a feature structure.
		Phrase structure grammars come with two basic components, one for describing lexical entries and empty categories, and one for describing grammar rules.
	www.cs.toronto.edu /~gpenn/ale/files/guide.tex (14968 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Typed feature structures were introduced by linguistis for characterizing natural language grammars in terms of well-formedness constraints (C. Pollard and I. Sag, Head Driven Phrase structure Grammar, 1996, U Chicago).
		For the grammars, we implemented a hybrid categorial/head-driven phrase structure grammar based on (Pollard and Sag 1994; Carpenter, 1998, Type Logical Semantics, MIT Press; Carpenter, 1997, A type-logical grammar for German, ESSLLI, Saarbruecken).
		We wrote the ALE grammar to produce a semantic representation of the sentence in an interlingual who-did-what-to-whom format and used that as the basis for the semantic head-driven generation of the German output.
	www.colloquial.com /carp/Publications/mtESabs (564 words)

	IRIDIA Projects
		On the one hand, it rests on a careful and coherent formalism (the logic of typed feature structures) which is well-suited for computational applications, providing reversibility, declarativeness and the use of partial descriptions.
		The analysis of the types of complement structures that different verbs allow is a central topic in linguistics, involving syntactic, semantic and even morphophonological properties of verbs.
		Building on Chomsky's original definition of Strong Generative Capacity (SGC) as the set of derivations produced by a grammar, we propose a framework where SGC is understood as providing model-theroretic semantic interpretations for the formalisms employed by linguistic theories and are currently applying it to a broad range of such theories.
	iridia.ulb.ac.be /Projects/phras.html (661 words)

	Stefan Müller, Deutsche Syntax deklarativ: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar für das Deutsche
		HPSG is a syntactic theory which attributes important significance to phrase structure (constituent structure) as an explanatory tool, but which makes liberal use of elaborate lexical structure, like Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), where phrase structure is explanatorily unsatisfactory (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982).
		This construction illustrates one of the advantages of HPSG as a linguistic theory: explanations in terms of constituent structure trees and their transformations/deformations are not forced on the researcher.
		The rich tree structure is not needed to explain partial verb phrase fronting, but it might be useful for other reasons.
	grid.let.rug.nl /~nerbonne/papers/mueller00.htm (2646 words)

	UCL Phonetics & Linguistics
		Word Grammar is a theory of language structure which Richard (= Dick) Hudson has been building since the early 1980's.
		As the latter title indicates, Chomsky's transformational grammar was very much `in the air', and both books accepted his goal of generative grammar but offered other ideas about sentence structure as alternatives to his mixture of function-free phrase structure plus transformations.
		it does not recognise a noun phrase as the subject of a clause, though these phrases are implicit in the dependency structure.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/dick/wg.htm (1192 words)

	TOBIAS-lib - Combinatorial Semantics and Idiomatic Expressions in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		TOBIAS-lib - Combinatorial Semantics and Idiomatic Expressions in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		Combinatorial Semantics and Idiomatic Expressions in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag 1994) with a model-theoretic
	w210.ub.uni-tuebingen.de /dbt/volltexte/2003/916 (317 words)

	Abstracts of the Int. Workshop on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		After discussing the data, and stressing the importance of the last property which is generally overlooked, we propose two groups of predicates (heads of a complex predicate): (i) French, Italian and Portuguese predicates plus the Romanian modals, and (ii) Catalan, Spanish predicates and the tense and aspectual Romanian auxiliaries.
		HPSG is a licensing theory in the sense that grammaticality is defined in terms of abstract grammar principles, well-formedness conditions on linguistic analyses rather then by a set of rules that would explicitely generate an analysis.
		Depictive predicates pose interesting challanges for the architecture of grammar since it is possible that they refer to elements that are neither expressed at the surface nor unrealized subjects as in control constructions.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~dm/events/hpsg00tue/abstracts.html (4131 words)

	[No title]
		Book Review: German in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar John Nerbonne, Klaus Netter and Carl Pollard, editors Stanford, California: CSLI 1994 The book is a collection of eleven papers that were presented in the workshop "German Grammar and HPSG" on August 1991.
		Chapter 9 concentrates on the notion of 'heads' and attempts to define functional heads in the HPSG framework, drawing on data from nominal phrases in German.
		This rather unusual approach is justified by the author on the basis of several criteria; however, as Nerbonne himself observes, it replaces structural ambiguity with lexical ambiguity.
	cs.haifa.ac.il /~shuly/publications/german-in-hpsg.review (2154 words)

	Grammaticamodellen in de Taaltechnologie
		The influence of Definite Clause Grammars, as well as of Functional Unification Grammar and of PATR will be discussed.
		Various contemporary models of grammars such as Head driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar and Tree adjoining Grammar will be introduced.
		Discussion of how phrases are encoded in HPSG and of the immediate dominance schemata.
	www.let.uu.nl /~Paola.Monachesi/personal/04gmsessies.html (440 words)

	E.O. Bratt - Dissertation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This thesis explores the properties of Korean lexical and periphrastic causatives as a key to issues of constituent structure, case marking, complementation, and the organization of the grammar into the lexicon and syntactic structure.
		Constituent structure properties demonstrate the relation of the inherited arguments to the inheriting head, with original and inherited arguments occurring linearly intermixed, and alternating case forms on the inherited arguments reflecting the agentivity of their inheriting head, rather than their lexical, semantic head.
		Causatives, by separating semantic heads from constituent structure heads, tease apart the often coincident characteristics of case marked elements.
	www.ai.sri.com /%7Eowen/diss.html (288 words)

	The Trees Program
		The download includes a grammar tool useful in constructing trees for display in word processing documents and a MS Word file of instructions on how to use the program.
		A sample of grammar tools that have been written at Penn for syntax courses is available here.
		These grammar tools are useful for creating homework exercises or exam problems in syntax courses and for demonstrating how syntactic analyses work.
	lra.netfirms.com /Trees.htm (636 words)

	HPSG - Research
		Instead of transformational derivations (the sequential manipulation of complete sentential structures commonly assumed in linguistic analysis), Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is formulated in terms of order-independent constraints.
		This simple observation is central to HPSG theory, whose notion of phrase structure is built around the concept of a lexical head---a single word whose dictionary entry specifies information that determines crucial grammatical properties of the phrase it projects.
		Lexical heads also encode key semantic information that is shared with their phrasal projections.
	hpsg.stanford.edu /hpsg.html (1018 words)

	Grammar Formalisms
		A very advanced and wide-spread class of linguistic formalisms are the so-called constraint-based grammar formalisms which are also often subsumed under the term unification grammars.
		For some sizable grammars written in unification grammar formalisms, the development time was four years or less (TUG, CLE, TDL), whereas the development of large annotated phrase structure grammars had taken 8--12 years.
		The more a grammar is committed to a certain processing model, the less are the chances that it can be adapted to other processing models or new application areas.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /HLTsurvey/ch3node5.html (676 words)

	Frederik Fouvry's Dissertation for Computational Linguistics
		The dissertation describes a partial Dutch grammar, written in the formalism of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG).
		It treats the types and the attributes that HPSG uses to build its data type, the feature structure, the constraints that a feature structure must comply with, the rules of the grammar and the lexicon.
		In an appendix, we give the grammar together with a test suite (a Dutch one, so no TSNLP test suite), to show what are the possibilities, and especially the restrictions of the grammar.
	www.coli.uni-saarland.de /~fouvry/thesis-aoti.en.html (393 words)

	TOBIAS-lib - A Mathematical formalism for linguistic theories with an application in head-driven phrase structure ...
		It presents a logical formalism called Relational Speciate Re-entrant Language (RSRL), which is suitable for specifying with mathematical precision grammars which are written in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG).
		Because of deficiencies found in previous mathematizations of the 1994 version of HPSG, this is followed by the presentation of a new and much more comprehensive formalism, RSRL, which is based on and extends the previous formalisms.
		In this section the model theoretic properties of RSRL are examined, and its relationship to previous explanations of the meaning of HPSG grammars investigated.
	w210.ub.uni-tuebingen.de /dbt/volltexte/2004/1203 (448 words)

	Coling 2000 in Europe
		A sketch of a state of the art grammar for German will be given, and issues related to universal grammar and multilingual grammar engineering will be touched.
		This knowledge is important for those who want to use these grammars directly, those who want to exploit the knowledge represented by the grammar for different tasks, and those who want to extract information from existing grammars or combine them with other modules that use shallow methods.
		He delevoped a large scale HPSG grammar for German in the Verbmobil project.
	cl-www.dfki.uni-sb.de /COLING2000/mueller.html (473 words)

	German in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		These essays apply the syntactic theory of Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag- Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG)- to a formal study and analysis of German grammar.
		A wide variety of fundamental and well-known phenomena in German grammar are addressed, including the German passive and impersonal passive, varius Mittelfeld and Vorfeld word-order phenomena (including auxiliary stacking and the distribution of adjuncts), and the structure of phrasal constituents.
		linguistic issues include the treatment of idioms, word-order variation and phrase structure constituency, subcategorization, complementation, argument structure, case assignment, lexical rules, and syntactic ambiguity.
	cslipublications.stanford.edu /site/1881526291.html (184 words)

	SIL Bibliography: Reviews
		Park, Joyce W. Review of: a propositional grammar outline: a format for the presentation and comparison of grammatical systems, by Kathleen Callow, Philip L. Hewer and Anthony J. Naden.
		Huttar, George L. Review of: Creole Genesis and the acquisition of grammar: the case of Haitian creole, by Claire LeFebvre.
		Grimes, Charles E. Review of: a grammar of Acehnese on the basis of a dialect of North Aceh, by Mark Durie.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_subject.asp?code=REV (11544 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar and Principles and Parameters theory, and I have made some significant contributions to the former.
		Borsley, R.D. (1997), ‘Relative clauses and the theory of phrase structure’, Linguistic Inquiry 28, 629-647.
		Borsley, R.D. (1999), ‘Mutation and constituent structure in Welsh’, Lingua 109, 263-300.
	privatewww.essex.ac.uk /~rborsley/research.htm (784 words)

	Canadian Slavonic Papers: Slavic in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		HPSG is a surface-oriented phrase-- structure grammar, i.e., unlike other syntactic theories, it requires no transformations relating underlying and surface structures.
		Instead, the grammar makes use of elegant feature structures in the lexicon as well as within phrase structures.
		The present volume is the outcome of a workshop at the 30th Poznan Linguistics Meeting held in Poznan, Poland, in May 1997.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_200106/ai_n8980487 (556 words)

	CSLI LinGO Lab
		The CSLI LinGO Lab is committed to the development of linguistically precise grammars based on the HPSG framework, and general-purpose tools for use in grammar engineering, profiling, parsing and generation.
		Early work in the CSLI LinGO Lab focused on the construction of a general-purpose grammar of English in the form of the English Resource Grammar (or ERG), and on further development of the LKB grammar engineering system.
		We are separately bringing together our grammar writing experience across a variety of languages in devising a Grammar Matrix to aid in the development of broad-coverage, precision, implemented grammars for natural languages.
	lingo.stanford.edu (285 words)

	The Grammar of Negation: A Constraint-Based Approach
		Addressing both empirical and theoretical issues relating to negation in these languages, he develops a nonderivational, lexicalist analysis within the constraint-based framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar.
		This work demonstrates that a constraint-based approach can capture the distributional possibilities of negative elements and explain related phenomena simply through their lexical properties and the interaction of the elementary morphosyntactic and valence properties of syntactic heads.
		In turn, this challenges derivational analyses that are built upon the interaction of movement operations and functional projections with an alternative that achieves broader coverage and a better level of explanation.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /site/1575862301.html (180 words)

	Reference Card of Penn:2000b (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is the mathematical basis of the technique that has been used for the efficient compilation of partially ordered sets of objects or types in programming languages for the past ten years.
		It also shows that the correct structure, a closed semi-ring, can also be extended to objects or type signatures that are augmented with attributes, constraints on the multiple inheritance of those attributes, and/or constraints on what types of values the attributes can take.
		Other practical consequences of using the correct structure, such as the algorithmic complexity of multiplication and closure operations, are also discussed.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~gpenn/cards/qring.html (219 words)

	HPSG/Typed Feature Formalisms Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Background Modern constraint-based grammars are the next logical step for people familiar either with Prolog or unification-based formalisms such as Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG).
		A recent constraint-based approach is Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) [Pollard and Sag, 1994].
		HPSG has taken the computational linguistics community by storm and is the driving force in research into grammars that can be readily integrated into practical application systems.
	www.cs.toronto.edu /~gpenn/ale/course.html (464 words)

	Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
		This book presents the most complete exposition of the theory of head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), introduced in the authors' Information-Based Syntax and Semantics.
		HPSG provides an integration of key ideas from the various disciplines of cognitive science, drawing on results from diverse approaches to syntactic theory, situation semantics, data type theory, and knowledge representation.
		The result is a conception of grammar as a set of declarative and order-independent constraints, a conception well suited to modelling human language processing.
	cslipublications.stanford.edu /site/0226674479.html (117 words)

	Ivan Sag's Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		My general research goal is to contribute to the development of a theory of grammars that can be directly embedded within a theory of communication and language processing.
		Construction Grammar framework developed by Paul Kay, Chuck Fillmore (both at UC Berkeley), and numerous colleagues.
		I've collaborated with a number of colleagues to develop accounts of various syntactic and semantic problems in the grammar of French, including `clitic' morphology, complex predicates, negation, complementation, binding, negative polarity items, and relative clause constructions.
	lingo.stanford.edu /sag/research.html (195 words)

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