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Topic: Heads of Government of Chad

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	Chad (06/07)
		The northern region of Chad was occupied by the French in 1914.
		The Government of Chad, however, claimed that the 2000 tax agreement was illegal, because it was negotiated by officials without proper authority and was not vetted by the National Assembly.
		Chad’s economic performance, at least until the onset of oil exports, continued to depend on fluctuations in rainfall and in prices of its principal export commodities, especially cotton.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/37992.htm (5204 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Summary Record - Chad
		Chad was in the process of ratifying the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption.
		MOTOGAM (Chad) said that, as a member of the Association of Female Jurists, she had conducted a survey regarding violence against women and children in N'Djaména, and had discovered that, since victims were unwilling to speak, no reliable data could be collected.
		Chad's economic difficulties had squeezed the resources available to help the poorest members of society and he appealed to the international community's sense of solidarity to provide assistance in that area.
	www.unhchr.ch /tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CRC.C.SR.547.En?Opendocument (4753 words)

	Chad
		Chad is somewhat similar to Sudan in that it has a northern part inhabited by an Islamic (and partly Arabic-speaking) population of pastoralist semidesert peoples, and a southern part of Christians and traditional religious people, engaged in mixed agriculture, crafts, and trade.
		Chad is basically a large plain, with some mountain ranges, including the Guéra massif in the center and the Ouaddaï or Ennedi massif in the east; in the north in the middle of the desert lies the spectacular Tibesti range, where cultivation is possible due to higher rainfall.
		Chad did not exist as a political unit before the French conquest of 1900, but was an area of important indigenous state formation and had seen Arab immigration (of groups collectively called Djoheina and Hassaouna) and Islamization since the fourteenth century.
	www.everyculture.com /Bo-Co/Chad.html (5973 words)

	Africa: News & Videos about Africa -- CNN.com
		The government of Chad said Thursday it will adhere to a program designed to put pressure on countries to be open about revenues from exports of oil, natural gas and minerals.
		A former government minister in charge of a police force that killed dozens of anti-apartheid activists pleaded guilty to attempted murder Friday in a plot to assassinate a church leader by lacing his clothes with poison.
		The head of the African Union said Sunday that non-African troops would not be needed for the new Darfur peacekeeping force in Sudan because countries on the continent had committed enough soldiers.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/africa/archive (3497 words)

	Economic Issues No. 33 - Educating Children in Poor Countries
		The government may not have the resources to provide a free education for all, either because there is a large, untaxed shadow economy and the tax base is small, or because tax administration and collection are ineffective.
		The government, with help from the World Bank, pays 80 percent of their salaries (which are only about one-third of what government-employed teachers receive), and the community covers the rest.
		This, however, means involving the government bureaucracy—whose very inadequacies forced many parents to assume the responsibility for their children's schooling in the first place—in the school system.
	www.imf.org /external/pubs/ft/issues/issues33/index.htm (4157 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS The Fundamental Act of the Republic, proclaimed on October 18, 1982, served as the constitutional basis for government until December 10, 1989, when it was replaced by a new constitution.
		Chad's politics are dominated by the democratization agenda, established by the MPS as a priority.
		Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Inter-state Commission for the Fight Against the Drought in the Sahel.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/chad9205.html (3270 words)

	Lists of office-holders - Information at Halfvalue.com
		Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
		Heads of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
		Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Lists_of_office-holders (707 words)

	Chad - POLITICAL BACKGROUND
		Chad became part of French Equatorial Africa (Afrique Equatoriale Française--AEF) in 1905 and became a separate colony within the AEF in 1920.
		Chad's 1946 constitution declared it an overseas territory of France.
		Chad erupted in renewed protests against Tombalbaye's unpopular and weakened regime, culminating in a successful coup against him in 1975.
	countrystudies.us /chad/44.htm (1873 words)

	UN: Chad Needs Strong Protection Force (Human Rights Watch, 21-2-2007)
		Three, sometimes overlapping, patterns of violence figure prominently in Chad’s crisis and are leaving civilians at risk and without protection: internal armed conflict between the Chadian government and Chadian armed opposition groups; cross-border attacks by Darfur-based militia against civilians in Chad; and communal violence.
		Beyond its failure to protect civilians, the government of Chad may be worsening inter-ethnic tensions by distributing weapons to some civilians as part of its counterinsurgency strategy.
		The proposed UN mission in Chad should be equipped with a mandate and sufficient resources to respond to attacks against civilians, secure humanitarian access, patrol the Chad-Sudan border and monitor the movement of arms and armed groups.
	hrw.org /english/docs/2007/02/21/chad15373.htm (762 words)

	NationMaster - Libyan Government statistics
		It is bound to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, the west by Tunisia and Algeria, the southwest by Niger, the south by Chad and Sudan and to the east by Egypt.
		Socialism - a government in which the means of planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor; in actuality, most socialist governments have ended up being no more than dictatorships over workers by a ruling elite.
		The Government, which had consistently denied the existence of any political prisoners in Libya, went on in its press release to admit that these prisoners of conscience "were all arrested in the 1980s", but that no one was brought to justice during their prolonged nightmare (20 years for some).
	www.nationmaster.com /country/ly-libya/gov-government (2601 words)

	allAfrica.com: Chad
		Voicing grave concern at the increased military activities of armed groups in eastern Chad, the Security Council said today it was particularly alarmed at the threat this posed for both the civilian population and the humanitarian workers trying to alleviate the suffering in the strife-torn region.
		The situation in Chad has serious implications for Darfur and beyond, so it is essential that the United States becomes fully engaged in efforts to end the violence in Chad and establish conditions for stability...
		Chad's National Assembly has granted the government powers to exercise prior censorship over the country's media for six months in the wake of violent clashes in the eastern part of the country, report Journaliste en danger (JED) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontières, RSF).
	allafrica.com /chad (802 words)

	Chad : Government, Law, Politics : Selected Internet Resources (Portals to the World, Library of Congress)
		For Library of Congress contact information and research and bibliographic materials on Mali, consult the Chad Country page of the African Section of the African and Middle Eastern Division.
		Constantly updated lists of important governmental officers and their position of all the world’s countries is published by the CIA as a part of its website.
		“World Statesmen is an attempt at a comprehensive and accurate list of the heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders occupying neither of those formal positions) for all countries and territories, going back to about 1700 or in some cases earlier.
	www.loc.gov /rr/international/amed/chad/resources/chad-government.html (432 words)

	Briefings
		Rebels fighting to overthrow Chad's President Idriss Deby attacked the eastern town of Adre on the border with Darfur on Thursday, in a raid the Chadian government said had been launched from neighbouring Sudan.
		Former Heads of State and former Ministers of Foreign Affairs of seventeen countries, have called for an effective peacekeeping force with a strong protection mandate to be allowed into Darfur.
		They said African Heads of State and the new UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon will fail the people of Darfur if they do not take concrete steps to herald the start of a new chapter in the region and ensure an immediate ceasefire is both agreed and adhered to.
	www.protectdarfur.org /Latest_News.htm (1141 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		Session and on 16 November 1992 the Government of Chad was notified of the communication.
		The Government claims that no violations were committed by its agents, and that it had no control over violations committed by other parties, as Chad is in a state of civil war.
		The African Charter, unlike other human rights instruments [1], does not allow for states parties to derogate from their treaty obligations during emergency situations. Thus, even a civil war in Chad cannot be used as an excuse by the State violating or permitting violations of rights in the African Charter.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/africa/comcases/74-92.html (833 words)

	country insights > region: africa > chad > government @ globalEDGE
		A strong executive branch headed by President Deby dominates the Chadian political system.
		The constitutional basis for the government is the 1996 Constitution, under which the president is limited to two terms of office.
		In May 2004, the National Assembly voted in favor of an amendment to the constitution which would allow President Deby to run for a third term in office.
	globaledge.msu.edu /countryInsights/government.asp?countryID=86®ionID=5 (743 words)

	Chad: Civilians left unprotected as brutal Janjawid attacks reach 150 kilometres inside Chad
		Chad is obliged under its national constitution and international human rights law to provide protection to its citizens.
		The government of Sudan must also take all effective measures to prevent further cross-border incursions into Chad by the Janjawid, and to disarm them in accordance with the obligations it has already entered into under the Darfur Peace Agreement.
		Amnesty International urges the United Nations Security Council to consider measures to assist the government of Chad to discharge its responsibility to protect, for example through the deployment of an international force as may be necessary for the protection of civilians, including refugees and the internally displaced.
	www.amnestyusa.org /news/document.do?id=ENGAFR200132006 (997 words)

	International Campaigns: Chad and Cameroon - Human Rights - Sierra Club
		The construction of the pipeline threatens the rainforests of Cameroon and farming land in Chad.
		In addition to this immediate environmental threat, ExxonMobil, which heads the consortium that is constructing the pipeline, has yet to develop an adequate response plan to potential oil spills, which would be disastrous to the ecosystems of Chad and Cameroon.
		The Chadian government has been criticized for systematic harassment and detention of local activists, journalists, and elected officials critical of the project.
	www.sierraclub.org /human-rights/Chadcam/index.asp (331 words)

	VOA News - Chad Rebels, Army Clash
		Chad rebels and the army have clashed again outside the eastern town of Biltine, while hundreds of thousands of refugees in the area are in dire need of help.
		Government officials said reinforcements were being sent to Biltine.
		France's army has helped Chad's government with surveillance to try to keep track of the sudden movements, which started again several weeks ago after a lull of several months.
	www.voanews.com /english/2006-12-09-voa20.cfm (439 words)

	Chad/Cameroon Development Project - News Release
		The Government of Chad negotiated increases in royalty payments on oil extracted from any new oilfield development outside of the fields covered under the 1988 convention.
		The operation was reported to the government of Cameroon for action and the Project implemented measures to help prevent access to the area.
		In Chad, where construction work continues but is nearing completion, the Project's local business spending rose slightly, by about 4% compared to the previous quarter.
	www2.exxonmobil.com /Chad/Library/Reports/Chad_report15summary.asp (1551 words)

	Final communique of the Lake Chad Basin Commission, 10th meeting
		The Heads of State reviewed the progress made on the activities of the Commission since their last Summit in Ndjamena in October, 1996, and expressed satisfaction with the achievements so far recorded.
		The Heads of State noted with satisfaction the progress on the LCBC/GEF project on Reversal of Land and Water Degradation in the LCBC Ecosystem, expressed appreciation to GEF and urged the implementation agencies, i.e.
		The Heads of State urged the international community and all donors and assistant agencies to team up with GEF and the Implementation agencies of the project to save the Lake Chad and its teeming population from the adverse effects of drought and desertification.
	www.ramsar.org /wn/w.n.chad_summit_e.htm (773 words)

	Fiedor Report on the News 239
		Looking at the amount of government grants dispersed to activist groups is interesting, too.
		This means, when the sign says the chads must be punched out in order for the vote to count, the vote will not be counted if the chad is still intact.
		When the results came in from east of the Rockies, the talking heads were calling Gore the winner when their displayed data actually favored Bush.
	www.uhuh.com /reports/headsup/fron239.htm (2329 words)

	Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
		According to Josephus Flavius the stone-paved channel was used by Jerusalem residents to hide from the Romans at the time of the revolt.
		FM Livni: New Palestinian government represents idea of a two-state solution
		Israeli FM Livni and Portuguese FM Amado at joint press conference in Jerusalem (Photo: Reuters)
	www.mfa.gov.il (995 words)

	Government Gabon Africa Regional
		The government set up a special ministry to...
		Nigeria Continues to Slide Toward InstabilityGlobal Terrorism Analysis, DC - Dec 14, 2006More than 90 specialists from Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria,...
		Government forces take control of last rebel-held town in Central...International Herald Tribune, France - Dec 10, 2006The 380 troops include soldiers from Cameroon, Gabon, Chad, Republic of Congo and Equatorial Guinea.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Regional/Africa/Gabon/Government (269 words)

	NPR : Scores of Elephants Killed by Poachers in Chad
		A pair of elephant corpses, their heads cut off to get to their precious ivory tusks, lie bloated in pools of blood outside a nature preserve in Chad.
		Later, he and a partner did the same thing in a small plane, documenting much of the continent's vistas and wildlife.
		Now, Fay reports a staggering loss: During a survey of Chad while on assignment for the National Geographic Society, he stumbled on at least 100 dead elephants near an elephant preserve, killed for their ivory tusks.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=5760602 (378 words)

	Government of Senegal
		With regard to debt, the Heads of State and government insisted on the need to pursue efforts at reduction and to widen the circle of beneficiaries.
		Concerning the effectiveness of reforms and partnership building, Forum participants recognised that the ownership of policies, increased resource mobilisation and the development of absorptive capacities are principles to be promoted.
		It includes the following members: the Head of State of Senegal, representing West Africa, the Head of State of Gabon, representing Central Africa, the Head of State of Uganda, representing East Africa, the Head of State of South Africa, representing Southern Africa.
	www.worldbank.org /afr/dakar98/dakar_pr.htm (1021 words)

	Election Headlines - Quest for the Presidency
		Bush expected to select Evans as commerce chief, Martinez to head housing
		Chad by any other name still would cause chaos in Florida
		Life of St. Chad gives pointers to presidential foes
	www.lubbockonline.com /election/heads.shtml (1221 words)

	Heads of government of Chad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		[edit] List of Heads of Government of Chad
		(Front for the National Liberation of the Chad)
		(National Liberation Front of Chad) pro-Libyan, to 1987
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Chad (157 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Chad - Government and Political Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Constitution recognizes customary and traditional law in locales where it is recognized and to the extent it does not interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality for all citizens.
		Geography - People - Government - Economy - Communications - Transportation - Military - Climate - Current Time - Ranking Positions
		For comments and feedback, write to us at info@GeographyIQ.com.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/cd/Chad_government_summary.htm (594 words)

	Lake Chad Basin Commission reaches Ramsar-related decision
		The Tenth Summit of the Heads of States and Government of the Lake Chad Basin Commission, held on 28th July 2000 in N'Djamena, decided that :
		« Within the framework of a strategy to save the Lake Chad, the Heads of State took note of the efforts being made by the Ramsar Convention Secretariat and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) on conservation and restoration of the Lake and declared the Lake Chad a Trans/boundary Ramsar site in International Importance.
		For further information about the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, please contact the Ramsar Convention Bureau, Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland (tel +41 22 999 0170, fax +41 22 999 0169, e-mail ramsar@ramsar.org).
	www.ramsar.org /wn/w.n.chad_lcbc49_e.htm (389 words)

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