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Topic: Heads of State in 1848

	Utah State Symbols \| Utah.com
		The original Utah State Flag consisted of a solid white state seal on a light blue background which was adopted by the State Legislature in 1896 and revised in 1913.
		The beehive was chosen as the emblem for the provisional State of Deseret in 1848 and was maintained along with the word "industry" on the seal and flag when Utah became a state in 1896.
		The sego lily (Calochortus nuttallii) was made the official state flower in 1911 after a census was taken of the state's school children as to their preference for a state flower.
	www.utah.com /visitor/state_facts/symbols.htm (1042 words)

	Head of state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a monarchy, the monarch is the head of state.
		In parliamentary systems the head of state may be merely the nominal chief executive officer of the state, possessing theoretical executive power (hence the description of the United Kingdom monarch's government as Her Majesty's Government, a term indicating that the government is theoretically hers, not parliament's).
		A head of state is generally the notional or literal commander-in-chief of a state's armed forces, holding the highest office in all military chains of command.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Head_of_State (4499 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1848 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Monument for the leaders of the 1848 Matale rebellion, Sri Lanka
		The Revolutions of 1848 (qv.), a series of widespread but failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary.
		March 10 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican-American War.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1848.htm (1208 words)

	Head of State - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the country's constitution.
		In most states, this may only be done on the binding advice of another office-holder; for example, members of the Irish cabinet are dismissed by the President of Ireland on the advice of the Taoiseach (prime minister).
		A governor-general may be considered de facto head of state as the monarch rarely exercises the reserve powers of the crown.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /head_of_state.htm (3990 words)

	U.S. State Quarters from BestCoin.Com
		The 50 State Quarters Program is a 10 year project administered by the U.S. Mint with the objective of issuing quarters on a periodic basis commemorating each of the 50 states comprising the Union.
		The Governor of each state has the authority to decide on the particular design to be engraved on the reverse side of that state's coin - although the Secretary of the Treasury has final approval of the design to be minted.
		State Quarters can be obtained by collectors from coins already in general circulation or from banks in the form of bags or rolls of uncirculated coins.
	www.bestcoin.com /united-states-state-quarters.htm (465 words)

	Immunity versus Human Rights: The Pinochet Case
		The prevailing view seems to be that the head of state immunity is a common law doctrine applicable to the person the United States government acknowledges as the official head of state and that courts defer to the executive's determination of who qualifies as a head of state.
		The person of the head of state is inviolable and his conduct would be immune from the legal process of foreign courts regardless of the public or private nature of his acts.
		Heads of states are also included in the definition and, therefore, in the scope of application of the 1973 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol10/No2/art1-04.html (4175 words)

	The Constitution of the United States of America
		A state insolvency law, insofar as it purported to discharge a debtor from obligations contracted prior to its passage, was violative of the obligation of contracts clause (Art.
		A judgment debtor of the State of Arkansas tendered, in satisfaction of the judgment, banknotes in circulation at the time of the repeal by the State of that section of the said bank's charter providing that such notes should be received in discharge of public debts.
		Inasmuch as state banks, on acceptance of a charter under the Ohio banking law of 1845, were directed, in lieu of all taxes, to pay six percent of annual dividends to the States, a later statute which exposed these banks to higher taxes effected an invalid impairment of the obligation of contract.
	www.gpoaccess.gov /constitution/html/state.html (11997 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Abbas I of Egypt
		The death of Ibrahim in November 1848 made Abbas regent of Egypt.
		The following August of 1848, on the death of his grandfather Mehemet Ali (who had been deposed in July 1848 on account of mental weakness), Abbas succeeded to the pashalik becoming the Pasha.
		1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abbas-I-of-Egypt (808 words)

	Frédéric Bastiat : The State (1848)
		The State is not slow to perceive the advantages it may derive from the part which is entrusted to it by the public.
		There is the public on one side, the State on the other, considered as two distinct beings; the latter bound to bestow upon the former, and the former having the right to claim from the latter, all imaginable human benefits.
		For ourselves, we consider that State is and ought to be nothing whatever but the united power of the people, organized, not to be an instrument of oppression and mutual plunder among citizens; but, on the contrary, to secure to every one his own, and to cause justice and security to reign.
	www.panarchy.org /bastiat/state.1848.html (3633 words)

	Reed Gold Mine
		The first gold rush in the United States occurred a few years after the discovery, in 1799, of a hunk of "heavy yellow' metal in or along Little Meadow Creek (153k) in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, by Conrad John Reed, aged 12.
		Two decades later, in the mid-1820's, as more sophisticated methods of mining were introduced to the region, shafts (202k) were sunk at nearby mines to tap veins of ore. Separating the gold from the quartz in which it was found required huge Chilean grinding stones, bigger rockers, and retorts.
		In 1848 national attention was drawn to California and soon thereafter to the Rocky Mountains.
	statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us /nc/ncsites/gold.htm (2239 words)

	NSLA - Archives & Records - Nevada Governors' Biographical Information
		He became the first State Public Defender in 1966, was a State Assemblyman, State Senator and Attorney General before being elected governor in 1982.
		Governor Laxalt now heads the lobbying firm of The Paul Laxalt Group in Washington, D.C. Grant Sawyer was born in Twin Falls, Idaho, on December 14, 1918.
		After his term as acting-governor, Dickerson was appointed superintendent of the state police and ex-officio warden of the state prison.
	dmla.clan.lib.nv.us /docs/nsla/archives/gov/govbib.htm (2142 words)

	Propaganda Postcards of the Great War, Centrals: Heads of State-nederlands
		Of the House of Hohenzollern, hereditary rulers of the German state of Prussia.
		Of the House of Habsburg, hereditary rulers of the Austrian Empire.
		Franz Josef ascended to the throne in 1848.
	www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com /centrals_heads_of_state-nederlands.html (802 words)

	[No title]
		Lorenzo de Richter 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1854 Vincenzo cavaliere Cornacchia* 1854 - 1859 Giuseppe Maria marchese Pallavicino Ministers of Defense Prsesidents of the Military Department 1834 - 1848 Charles René, Comte de Bombelles, de facto head of the whole administration 1785 - 1856 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1854 none.
		Events of 1848 - 1849 1848 Mar 20 : Following pro Sardinian agitation Duke Carlo II transferred all authority to a Regency (2) Apr 11 : The Regency was replaced by two pro Sardinian provisional governments.
		Successors 1907 - 1939 Enrico Maria Alberto Ferdinando Carlo Pio Luigi Antonio, son 1873 - 1939 1939 - 1950 Giuseppe Maria Pietro Paolo Francesco Roberto Tomaso-d'Aquino etc, brother 1875 - 1950 (3) The situation in Piacenza and Pontremoli in the period jun - dec is not known.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Parma.html (1081 words)

	Austria Heads of State
		Her husband, Emperor Karl was Austrian head of state 1916-18 and nominal head of State in Hungary till his death in 1922.
		She acted as head of the family as regent for her son, Archduke Otto (b.
		As Federal Minister of Education and Culture since 1995, she was Acting Chief of Government and therefore also Acting Head of State until Chancellor Vranitsky returned to the country and became Acting President during the ilness of the Federal President.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Austria_heads.htm (1716 words)

	Archives: Researching Your Family's History at the Massachusetts Archives
		Originally a fairly simple list of the heads of households, the population schedules became more detailed and new schedules were added as the nineteenth century progressed.
		The information contained in the state census is similar to that of contemporary federal returns and is arranged in a similar manner.
		Additionally the Archives holds records of state pensions, bounties, and Maine land grants for Revolutionary War veterans, or their heirs, who were not eligible to receive federal pensions.
	www.sec.state.ma.us /arc/arcgen/genidx.htm (4456 words)

	Historical Timeline of Events Leading to the formation of Washington State
		The maps of this collection have been drawn solely from the collections of these two institutions and are widely varied, ranging from large-scale geographical maps to small hand-drawn sketches of settlements.
		His maps of this expedition and one the following year are printed by the government and are widely used by pioneers heading west.
		1905: The Washington State Highway Department is formed, to oversee the construction and maintenance of roads and highways.
	www.wsulibs.wsu.edu /holland/masc/PNWTimeline.htm (1106 words)

	Vietnam (04/05)
		A new state constitution was approved in April 1992, reaffirming the central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in politics and society, and outlining government reorganization and increased economic freedom.
		The United States considers achieving the fullest possible accounting of Americans missing and unaccounted for in Indochina to be one of its highest priorities with Vietnam.
		U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register their travel via the State Department’s travel registration web site at https://travelregistration.state.gov or at the Consular section of the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country by filling out a short form and sending in a copy of their passports.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/4130.htm (4862 words)

	1848 - Wikipedia
		PLEASE HELP to write more articles or improve what is here.
		1848: te tau kotahi mano, e waru rau e whā tekau e waru, he leap year; te rā huringa i te Rāhoroi/Hātarei (Saturday), ki te Maramataka-a-Kerekori
		Wiwi - Louis-Phillippe, Kingi o Wiwi (1 Akuhata 1830--24 Pepuere 1848)
	mi.wikipedia.org /wiki/1848 (408 words)

	Countries Ba-Bo
		1917) (acting head of state) 23 Dec 1909 - 17 Feb 1934 Albert I (b.
		2000) (Head of State to 31 Dec 1960) 27 Oct 1963 - 28 Oct 1963 Provisional Government - Hubert Maga (s.a.) - Sourou Migan Apithy (b.
		2003) (Head of State) 21 Dec 1967 - 17 Jul 1968 Alphonse Alley (Head of State) (b.
	rulers.org /rulb1.html (10812 words)

	Historic California Posts: Sutter's Fort (Including Camp Union)
		Ironically, the discovery of gold on his property on January 24, 1848, after he had built a sawmill on the American River, ultimately led to the death of his empire.
		The work of reconstruction was begun in 1891, with the intention of reconstructing the buildings and restoring the grounds as nearly as possible to their condition and appearance during the heyday of the fort.
		He personally underwrote most of the aid sent from fort to stranded Donner Party in winter, 1846-7, and the 45 survivors of original 87 were his guests until their health was restored.
	www.militarymuseum.org /Sutter.html (2768 words)

	Neue Rheinische Zeitung No. 48 July 1848
		Germany consists for the most part of constitutional monarchies, and must therefore be headed by a constitutional, irresponsible authority and not by a republican, responsible one.
		Because of this provisional state, everything serving to safeguard the achievements of the March revolution falls within the competence of the Assembly and if it can achieve this by exerting moral influence on the Frankfurt Assembly, then the Agreement Chamber is not only entitled, but even obliged, to do so.
		But it cannot possibly be unphilosophical to describe the responsibility of the person who heads the state, as a characteristic feature of the republic, in the democratic sense.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1848/07/18.htm (5500 words)

	RECORD NUMBER OF LEADERS TO ATTEND UN SPECIAL SESSION ON CHILDREN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To date, 75 heads of State or Government have confirmed their participation in the Special Session on 19-21 September -- the highest number to attend a conference on children, and one of the largest gatherings of world leaders ever.
		More leaders are expected to confirm their attendance in the coming weeks, signalling the strong emphasis the world places on the rights and welfare of children. In addition, the Security Council will hold a special meeting in conjunction with the Session to address the pressing issue of children and armed conflict.
		For the Special Session on Children, 33 heads of State or Government from Africa have confirmed their attendance, 17 from Europe, 11 from Asia, 12 from Central and South America and the Caribbean and two from North America.
	www.un.org /news/press/docs/2001/ga9897.doc.htm (534 words)

	BAVARIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		With the exception of scattered outbreaks of peasant violence against tax collectors, landlords and Jews in Franconia and Swabia, the "revolution" of 1848 in Bavaria was non-violent.
		In summer 1848 this parliament passed a wide-ranging series of laws providing for abolition of most the older restrictions on landowning and dues owed to noble landlords, reform of the court system, freedom of the press, a new and liberal electoral law and ministerial responsibility for the cabinet.
		As in other states, many of the gains made in Bavaria in early 1848 remained after the revolution had lost its influence.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/bavaria.htm (849 words)

	archivists newsletter - BULLDOG, Maryland State Archives
		The entry for the school stated that there was not a charter record in the tax commission records, but it did show that the charter had been annulled by proclamation of the Governor (Oct. 1956) according to the Laws of 1947, ch.
		The Committee is attempting to get state agencies to coordinate their mapping activities and to reinforce the need to maintain permanently valuable map files (both paper and computer based) in an accessible archival environment (read State Archives).
		Jackson's spouse is State Archives's volunteer Doris Jackson), however, shows that regardless of Lord Baltimore's intent, the Maryland male of the not-too-distant past could have fun with the sexist implications of the motto's literal translation.
	www.mdarchives.state.md.us /msa/refserv/bulldog/bull92/html/bull92.html (18939 words)

	Victorian Women Writers Project
		A stately ruin lies cumbering the soil of France: we have yet to see what will be built in its stead; we have yet to see whether these fallible men will merely substitute their own mistakes for the mistakes of other fallible men.
		Their heads, their hearts, and their speeches are full of it.
		It is not too much to say of the great families of this country, as of the deaths of the first-born of Egypt, that "there is not a house in which you have not one friend." A few certainly, of our aristocracy are licentious, idle, useless;--their women, insolent, overbearing, capricious.
	www.indiana.edu /~letrs/vwwp/norton/mob.html (4159 words)

	US Department Of State Post Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The statue on top of the hill, a female figure holding the palm of victory above her head, is well known as one of the symbols of Budapest.
		Where a local school is deemed adequate by the Department of State, the school “at post” and the school “away from post” education allowance rates are identical.
		To comply with Department of State regulations, permission to dispose of any personal property (including automobiles) with a sale price of more than the “minimal value” threshold (currently $260) should be obtained from the Embassy Administrative Office.
	www.foia.state.gov /MMS/postrpt/pr_view_all.asp?CntryID=67 (10857 words)

	Archontology: Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ireland: Heads of State: 1922 (Vacancy in the Dáil Presidency)
		Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Heads of State: 1979-2005
		Sao Tome and Principe: Heads of State: 1975-2005
	www.schultz.advanta.org /map (242 words)

	Iran Heads of State
		Heads of State of Iran An ancient Kingdom became an Islamic Republic in 1979
		In 1946 her twin brother, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, send her to negotiate with Stalin in the Kremilin, to secure the return of some Soviet occupied parts of Iran.
		She was Head of the Woman's Organization of Iran and a Special Ambassador to the United Nations.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Iran_Heads.htm (374 words)

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