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Topic: Heads of State of Togo

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	Lists of office-holders - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heads of state of the Congo Free State
		Rulers of the Fon state of Danhome (Agbome) (Dahomey)
		Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Kuala
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lists_of_incumbents (694 words)

	Togo (03/06)
		Togo is bounded by Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, and the Gulf of Guinea.
		Togo’s long-suffering population has seen its living standards decline precipitously since the 1980s, and that trend is unlikely to be reversed without a political accord on the way forward endorsed by the country’s key political actors.
		Togo is a pro-Western, market-oriented country, and the United States and Togo have had generally good relations since its independence, although the United States has never been one of Togo's major trade partners.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5430.htm (4919 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Togo and Africaâs constitutional crisis
		Togo was prestigious during the colonial period because the territory's intellectual class served as the backbone of the French administration in West Africa.
		Togo has not suffered any major humanitarian disasters since 1960, but neither has it done anything to reduce the level of extreme poverty.
		This was not surprising since one of the main opposition political leaders was, and still is, Gilchrist Olympio, the son of the head of state allegedly assassinated by Eyadema.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=10812 (1648 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1999 - Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Togo is a republic dominated by President General Gnassingbe Eyadema, who has ruled since 1967, when he came to power in a military coup.
		The Constitution mandates equal access to state media; however, the official media, consisting of two radio stations, the nation's one television station, and its one daily newspaper, heavily slanted their content in favor of the President and the Government.
		It stated that the June 9 AI accusation was timed to derail sensitive discussions between the ruling party and the opposition in Paris.
	www.usemb.se /human/human1999/togo.html (10161 words)

	Togo POLITICAL PARTIES
		Political parties in Togo were considerably more active and competitive before independence than after, and from 1969 till the legalization of opposition parties in 1991, Togo was a one-party state.
		In the 1952 elections, however, the CUT was defeated, and it refused to participate in further elections because it claimed that the PTP was receiving French support.
		In the territorial elections of 1955, the PTP won all 30 Assembly seats, and when Togo was given autonomy in 1956, Nicolas Grunitzky, PTP leader, became prime minister.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Togo-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html (813 words)

	Cape Argus - Togo refuses landing for Nigerian team
		The Nigerian delegation was heading to Togo as part of a five-nation team from the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) to communicate its rejection of the installation of Faure Gnassingbe as president in Togo on Saturday.
		She said Nigeria had recalled its ambassador to Togo and that Obasanjo - who is chairman of the African Union (AU) - would now not be joining a delegation of Ecowas heads of state expected in Togo's capital Lome today.
		The appointment of Gnassingbe flouted a constitutional rule stating that the head of the national assembly should take over in the event of the president's death, pending the organisation of presidential elections in 60 days.
	www.capeargus.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=55&fArticleId=2407444 (470 words)

	MapUp.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Togo made good progress under the international financial institutions' programs in the late 1980s, but movement on reforms ended with the onset of political instability in 1990.
		Togo is one of 16 members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
		Togo long served as a regional banking center, but that position has been eroded by the political instability and economic downturn of the early 1990s.
	mapup.com /africa/togo.html (4009 words)

	Angola: Peace Monitor, VI, 3
		FAA states that the bodies of General Tarzan and General Antero Morais Vieira were found in a mass grave at the confluence of the Cuvale and Kunhinga rivers.
		In the interview he states that Savimbi is responsible for the murder of his mother, and reveals links between Savimbi and the heads of state of Togo, Burkina Faso, Gabon and Cote D'Ivoire.
		However, Resolution 1268 states that the aim of UNOA is to "liaise with the political, military, police and other civilian authorities, with a view to exploring effective measures for restoring peace, assisting the Angolan people in the area of capacity-building, humanitarian assistance, the promotion of human rights, and coordinating other activities".
	www.africaaction.org /docs99/ang9911.htm (2859 words)

	Togo
		An Angolan diplomat accredited to Benin and Togo was arrested and allegedly tortured in November 1999 for allegedly attempting to kidnap one of Jonas Savimbi's children.
		The accord also called for the negotiation of a legal status for opposition leaders, as well as for former heads of state (such as their immunity from prosecution for acts in office), although at year's end only the former had been considered.
		In particular discrimination against southerners by northerners and against northerners by southerners is evident in private sector hiring and buying patterns, in patterns of de facto ethnic segregation in urban neighborhoods, and in the relative paucity of marriages across the north-south ethnic divide.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/af/842.htm (10695 words)

	USA/Africa Dialogue, No 381: Attack Togo
		"The heads of states strongly condemn the intervention of the military which resulted in the appointment as president of the son of the deceased president," said ECOWAS leaders at their meeting in Niger Republic.
		The NBA stated that acceptable transition should only be in accordance with the provisions of the country's constitution and that Africans are tired of sit tight and military dictators.
		At least 10 heads of states, including Obasanjo, Mathieu Kerekou of Benin and Blaise Compaore of Burkina Faso, were to attend the emergency meeting in Niamey, Niger, called by Niger's President Mamadou Tandja, current chairman of ECOWAS.
	www.utexas.edu /conferences/africa/ads/381.html (1636 words)

	Welcome to the Republic of Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An extraordinary session of the Authority of Heads of State and Government of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was convened in Accra, Ghana on 31st July, 2003 by His Excellency, President John Agyekum Kufuor, President of the Republic of Ghana and current Chairman of ECOWAS Authority.
		The Heads of State and Government expressed their appreciation to General Abdulsalami Abubakar for the time and effort he is dedicating to the Mediation process and commended members of the International Contact Group on Liberia (ICGL) for facilitating the process.
		The Heads of State and Government decided that the first task of the ECOWAS vanguard force should be to provide the appropriate conditions for the handover of power and departure from Liberia of President Charles Taylor.
	www.ghana.gov.gh /governing/article.php?id=0000001697 (1391 words)

	Report of the International Commission of Inquiry for Togo
		The International Commission of Inquiry for Togo was established on 7 June 2000, under the auspices of the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity, at the request of the Government of Togo.
		As stated earlier, the Amnesty International report refers to hundreds of bodies found at sea and on the beaches of Togo and Benin, several of which had allegedly been buried by local fishermen and villagers.
		On Saturday, 22 May 1999, four district heads of Grand-Popo commune went to Lomé, without the knowledge of the local administrative authorities and of the people they were supposed to represent, to testify on Togolese television and radio that they had never seen bodies washed up on the beaches.
	www.afrol.com /Countries/Togo/documents/un_oau_inquiry.htm (6255 words)

	billingsgazette.com
		Nine heads of state including Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo issued a statement, refusing to recognize the government issuing from the coup d'etat.
		The leaders said they would send a delegation of heads of state to Togo and that they would recommend sanctions if Togo refused to cooperate.
		Gnassingbe's speech carried on state TV and radio came as a partial strike against his days-old rule showed signs of weakening.
	www.billingsgazette.com /newdex.php?display=rednews/2005/02/10/build/world/50-togo-prez.inc (364 words)

	News -- Clinton, World Bank President, 15 Heads of State for Nigeria next week
		Former President of the United States of America, William Jefferson Clinton, President of the World Bank, Dr Paul Wolfowitz and 15 presidents and heads of government are among dignitaries who have confirmed their participation at the 7th Leon Sullivan Summit scheduled for Abuja from July 17 to 20.
		The presidents and heads of governments include President Wade of Senegal, President John Kuffour of Ghana, President Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, President Patrick Manning of Trinidad and Tobago, President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, President Ely Ould Mohammed Vall of Mauritania, President Blaise Compaore of Burkina Fasso and President Boni Yayi of Benin Republic.
		Also confirmed are former Heads of State and Government P.J. Patterson of Jamaica, Karl Auguste Offman of Mauritius, and Nicephore Soglo of Benin Republic.
	odili.net /news/source/2006/jul/10/206.html (394 words)

	Togolese rivals in key talks
		Togo’s new president met opposition foes and African leaders in Nigeria yesterday to try to ease a crisis sparked by his disputed election victory following the death of his authoritarian father.
		The opposition says the presidential poll was rigged and its supporters see the father-to-son transfer of power as a continuation of almost four decades of domineering rule.
		Heads of state from Togo’s neighbours Ghana and Benin, which between them have taken in more than 23,000 refugees who fled Togo as violence raged, also took part.
	www.eastandard.net /archives/cl/print/news.php?articleid=20810 (444 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Africa / Togo Turns Back Plane Carrying Nigerian Team
		Togo has refused landing to a plane carrying a Nigerian team sent to resolve a constitutional crisis, a move that may trigger sanctions against the West African state, Nigeria's presidential spokeswoman said on Friday.
		She said Nigeria has recalled its ambassador to Togo and that President Obasanjo will now not be traveling to Togo as part of the ECOWAS delegation.
		The appointment of Gnassingbe flouted a constitutional rule stating that the head of the national assembly should take over in the event of the president's death, pending the organization of presidential elections in 60 days.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2005/02/11/togo_turns_back_plane_carrying_nigerian_team?mode=PF (420 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Togo schoolgirls get heads shaved
		State schools have been accused of acting overzealously by insisting girls have their hair cropped so close.
		Only state schools are insisting on the head shaving and one girl told me she would now opt to go a private school rather than take a trip to the hairdressers.
		I think that its ridiculous to require that these young women must shave their heads in order to continue attending public schools because they are "too concerned" with their looks and not able to focus on learning.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/4311308.stm (2016 words)

	State of Emergency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		LOME, Togo -- The military in the west African state of Togo faced mounting international criticism on Sunday after it hastily swore in the son of veteran president Gnassingbe Eyadema to succeed him on his death.
		Less than 24 hours after the announcement that Eyadema had died while being airlifted out of the country for medical treatment, Togo's leadership was condemned by the pan-continental African Union, the ECOWAS grouping of west African states, and last but not least by former colonial power France.
		Africa's longest-serving leader, Eyadema, who was 69, had ruled Togo with an iron grip since coming to power in a coup in 1967 and was and one of the few to have managed to hang on to power despite pressures for democratic change.
	news.inq7.net /stateofemergency/index.php?index=1&story_id=26694 (834 words)

	African leaders slam Togo 'coup'. 10/02/2005. ABC News Online
		Leaders of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) said they would send an urgent mission to Togo asking for a return to the constitution as it was before Parliament amended it on Sunday.
		In an emergency session Togo's Parliament changed the constitution to legitimise the military's nomination of Faure Gnassingbe as president hours after the death of his father, Gnassingbe Eyadema.
		"The heads of state strongly condemn the intervention of the military which resulted in the appointment as president of the son of the deceased president.
	www.abc.net.au /news/newsitems/200502/s1299711.htm (259 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2001 - Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Togo is a republic dominated by President Gnassingbe Eyadema, who has ruled since 1967, when he came to power following a military coup.
		An Angolan diplomat accredited to Benin and Togo was arrested and allegedly tortured in 1999 for allegedly attempting to kidnap one of Jonas Savimbi's children.
		In particular discrimination against southerners by northerners and against northerners by southerners is evident in private sector hiring and buying patterns, in patterns of de facto ethnic segregation in urban neighborhoods, and in the relative rarity of marriages across the north-south ethnic divide.
	www.usemb.se /human/2001/africa/togo.html (12206 words)

	NINE AFRICAN HEADS OF STATE SIGN THE YAMOUSSOUKRO DECLARATION FOR PEACE {8 December 1997}
		Ivorian President Henri Konan Bédié, the heads of state of Benin, Burkina Faso, Congo, Gabon, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo, as well as UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor took part in this ceremony.
		To prevent conflicts, the Declaration requires the creation of observatory networks, or of national and sub-regional early warning bodies, and proposes, in international relations, to seek recourse, in as far as possible, “in the moral force of dialogue and in the spirit of conciliation” rather than in political or economic sanctions.
		It invites heads of state and government to promote “the African vision of international relations which is inspired by the philosophy and actions of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny.”
	www.unesco.org /bpi/eng/unescopress/97-238e.htm (435 words)

	afrika.no - Togo: Fall-out from presidential election: Three heads of state?
		The well nigh quizzical political circus show follows the decision by two of the candidates to unilaterally proclaim themselves heads of state, following their total rejection of the election results of last Sunday's polls.
		But the whole scenario of what observers here described as "the political circus show in Togo" began when Dahuku Pere, who revolted against the authority of President Eyadema's ruling RPT party in March last year, and the candidate of the Pact of Socialist Reformers (PSR) auto-proclaimed himself President of Togo.
		Tchalla, who is also Togo's Minister for Communication, appealed to the aggrieved candidates to seek redress within the constitutional framework of the country.
	www.afrika.no /Detailed/3678.html (904 words)

	Heads of State, Capitals, and Countries in Africa
		Head of State: Sir Quett Ketumile Joni Masire
		Head of State: Col. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
		Head of State: Moaouia Ould Sidi Mohammed Taya
	africa.wisc.edu /outreach/units/hos.html (82 words)

	sept028 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Frantic diplomatic efforts are underway to assemble six sub Saharan Heads of State in Marrakech, Southern Morocco, to help deal with the armed conflict that is rocking the West African country of Cote d'Ivoire.
		The State run 'Le Soleil' newspaper in Senegal Wednesday reported that the Gabonese President, Omar Bongo, is spear-heading the initiative which is expected to bring together the Heads of State of Senegal, Togo, Burkina Faso, Congo and Mali.
		Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade, who is Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), has already dispatched an official government delegation to Abidjan to meet with the authorities of the embattled country.
	www.expotimes.net /backissuesept/sept02/sept028.htm (351 words)

	African leaders shun Togo's new leader - Breaking News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		They said they would send a delegation of heads of state to Togo to present their views.
		Although Togo's constitution stipulates the parliament's speaker was next in line for the presidency, the country's national assembly on Sunday backed the army's move to name Gnassingbe as president.
		They said the presidents of Niger, Benin, Mali and Ghana would go to Togo to express their objections, adding that sanctions should be imposed on the country if it fails to cooperate.
	www.smh.com.au - !http: //www.smh.com.au/news/World/African-leaders-shun-Togos-new-leaders/2005/02/10/1107890303559.html (260 words)

	Togo’s president was part of coup, heads of state say
		Togo’s president was part of coup, heads of state say
		LOME, Togo (AP) - Togo’s new army-installed president made his first address to the nation yesterday, offering talks with the exiled opposition and promising general elections as soon as possible.
		Nine heads of state, including Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, issued a statement, refusing to "recognize the government issuing from the coup d’état."
	www.columbiatribune.com /2005/Feb/20050210News022.asp (188 words)

	State's Frazer Heralds Spread of Democracy in Africa - US Department of State
		State's Frazer Heralds Spread of Democracy in Africa
		She added that the opposition -- composed of "democrats and nondemocrats" -- must abide by the same rules by respecting the rule of law in their demonstrations, although the government is being held "more accountable for not allowing free demonstrations … because they are supposed to be the upholders of the rule of law."
		Well, Liberia's legislative and presidential elections on October 11th were the most free and fair elections in its history, with a high voter turnout and no significant reports of fraud, violence or intimidation. One month later, the presidential run-off election was similarly well run, despite the understandable disappointment and confusion of Mr.
	usinfo.state.gov /af/Archive/2005/Dec/08-749713.html?chanlid=af (1772 words)

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