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Topic: Heads of state of Hungary

	Heads of state of Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1848 revolution had particular impact on the Kingdom of Hungary.
		The Magyars wanted to establish a Hungarian state, while the Croats sought autonomous government and separation from Hungary.
		Hungary declared complete independence from Austria on October 17, 1918 and formed the First Republic (as the 1849 state is not counted)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Hungary (168 words)

	List of Hungarian rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rise of a Hungarian state (896–1000) and the Kingdom of Hungary (1001–1918)
		Hungary was effectively split into 3 parts: a Habsburg domain in the north and west, Ottoman domain in the center, and the Ottoman satellite Transylvania in the east after 1562.
		Habsburgs began colonization of Serbs (1690) and Germans (1682–1699) in Southern Hungary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Hungarian_rulers (406 words)

	Hungary
		Hungary is a parliamentary democracy with a freely elected legislative assembly.
		State support is in the form of funds negotiated each year between the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and the Finance Ministry.
		Hungary receives persons from Eastern Europe, especially from Russia, Ukraine, and Romania, who either use the country as a point of transit, or who remain in the country as their final destination.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eur/index.cfm?docid=774 (9785 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was encouraged by the existing political conditions of Hungary: the dispute over the succession, with the accompanying civil war; the lack of a properly educated Catholic clergy; the transfer of a large amount of church land to the laity; and the claims made by both aspirants to the throne upon the episcopal domains.
		Catholicism in Hungary was not in a position to oppose this movement at the outset; a properly trained clergy were lacking, on account of the difficulties in the way of education caused by the political confusion.
		The head of the Church is the Metropolitan Prince Primate, the Prince Archbishop of Gran (Esztergom).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07547a.htm (12377 words)

	ipedia.com: Prime Minister Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In a parliamentary system, such as the Westminster System, generally the Prime Minister is, in practice, the head of the government while the head of state is largely a ceremonial position.
		This contrasts with a presidential system, where the President (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government.
		However in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government.
	www.ipedia.com /prime_minister.html (1259 words)

	[No title]
		Article 58 (1) Whoever is staying in the territory of Hungary is entitled - except for some cases defined in the law - to free movement and the right of choosing his or her place of residence, including the right of leaving his domicile or the country.
		Article 59 (1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone is entitled to the protection of his or her reputation and to privacy, including the privacy of the home, of personal effects, particulars, papers, records and data, and to the privacy of personal affairs and secrets.
		Article 67 (1) In the Republic of Hungary, every child has the right to enjoy the care and protection on the part of their families, and by the State and society, that is necessary for satisfactory physical, mental and moral development.
	www.constitution.org /cons/hungary.txt (8744 words)

	Hungary
		The FIDESZ ruling parliamentary faction heads the ruling coalition, which includes the Smallholders' Party and the Hungarian Democratic Forum (the latter two parties formed the government coalition between 1990 and 1994 with the Christian Democrats, one segment of which later merged with FIDESZ).
		In 1999 the president of MAZSIHISZ stated that hundreds of Holocaust survivors were returning compensation payments to the Government, protesting that the small amounts were an insult.
		Trafficking victims from Hungary typically are women from the eastern part of the country, where unemployment is high.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8264.htm (10941 words)

	World Summit on the Information Society
		Head of the Delegation of the Republic of Cyprus
		Head of the Delegation of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
		Head of the Delegation of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
	www.itu.int /wsis/geneva/coverage/list.asp (1423 words)

	Hungary.hu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hungary is a "kingdom" again in name but the issue of the power of the head of state is not settled with final effect.
		Hungary's loss of human lives is about one million in World War II, and 40 per cent of the national wealth is destroyed.
		The head of the Catholic Church, Cardinal Mindszenty is convicted in a show trial; plants employing over 10 persons are nationalised; a new Constitution is adopted; the forced collectivisation of agriculture commences.
	www.magyarorszag.hu /angol/orszaginfo/tortenelem/kronologia_a.html (1868 words)

	[07 Sep 2000] GA/9753 : FORTY SPEAKERS, INCLUDING 31 HEADS OF STATE/GOVERNMENT, ADDRESS ISSUES OF CORRUPTION, SANCTIONS ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During this morning’s session, the Summit heard from 22 heads of State, 9 heads of government, 1 Crown Prince, 2 deputy heads of government, 5 foreign ministers and the chairman of a delegation.
		States, which have suffered from acts of aggression, seizure of territories and ethnic cleansing, aggressive separatism and terrorism, rightly expect maximum effective action from the United Nations in establishing a just and secure world.
		If the small island developing States are to be sustainably developed, they will need a massive cooperation effort from the developed States and a genuine appreciation for their unique challenges.
	www.un.org /news/press/docs/2000/20000907.ga9753.doc.html (12609 words)

	Propaganda Postcards of the Great War, Centrals: Heads of State
		Of the House of Hohenzollern, hereditary rulers of the German state of Prussia.
		Franz Josef ascended to the throne in 1848.
		Mehmed V was a totally figurehead monarch as the imposition of the constitution stripped the Sultan of almost all his prerogatives.
	www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com /centrals_heads_of_state.html (802 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.
		Failure by member states to ratify the constitution or the inability of newcomer countries to meet euro currency standards might force a loosening of some EU agreements and perhaps lead to several levels of EU participation.
		Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000.
	www.phatnav.com /factbook/fields/2028.html (16146 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Count von Beust: Memoirs of the Ausgleich, 1867
		Hungary] has a pedigree of centuries; and its constitutional principle was asserted in the earliest times.
		Its race and language are entirely different from those of the other peoples which constitute the monarchy; its territorial area is larger than theirs; its population, though less by six millions than that of the remainder of the empire, is much larger than that of any of the nationalities composing it.
		The Emperor of Austria is King of Hungary; my idea was that he should revive in his person the Constitution of which he and his ancestors have been the heads.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1867beust.html (706 words)

	Heads of State Comment 9th Central European Summit
		The 9th summit of Central European heads of state - which gathered 16 presidents in what is the largest multilateral event ever to be held in Slovenia - has been commented upon by several participants.
		Austrian President Thomas Klestil welcomed the decision, which was confirmed at Brdo, that the next summit be held in the birthplace of the idea to stage such meetings, namely in the Austrian city of Salzburg.
		Hungary's President Ferenc Madl pointed to the need for proper and accurate information about EU candidate countries, as this would be the only way by which Brussels could take appropriate decisions to dispel the fear of EU enlargement shared by some of the EU citizens.
	www.uvi.si /slovenija-summit/eng/news-releases/2002-06-01-02 (853 words)

	U.N. Millennium Summit concludes in New York (09/17/00)
		Annan, acknowledging the power of those assembled, stated: "You have the authority to speak for and the ability to transform the lives of 6 billion people." He expressed his gratitude that so many of the world's leaders felt honor-bound to attend this summit.
		Ukraine's delegation to the Millennium Summit was headed by President Leonid Kuchma and included Minister of Foreign Affairs Borys Tarasyuk, Ambassador Volodymyr Yelchenko, permanent representative of Ukraine to the United Nations, Ambassador Kostyantyn Gryshchenko, Ukraine's envoy to the United States, and Ambassador Valeriy Kuchinsky, first deputy representative of Ukraine's U.N. Mission.
		This link surfaced in particular during the meeting of the heads of state of countries that are members of the Security Council, where discussion focused on bolstering U.N. peacekeeping efforts, but also implementing preventive measures, such as economic assistance.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2000/380001.shtml (599 words)

	Hungary Heads
		Her husband, Sigmund of Luxemburg, king of Hungary and King of Germany from 1410, king of Bohemia from 1419 and Holy Roman Emperor since 1433.
		In Hungary she took over the "regni curia" when he went to Italy, first supported by her brother-in-law the Palatine Garai Miklós and two bishops.
		During her second regency in Hungary she managed to maintain peace after a settlement was reached with the Hussites.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /hungary_heads.htm (963 words)

	Austria Heads of State
		Both King Ottokar of Bohemia and King Rudolf von Habsburg of Hungary forced her to resign her claims, but she continued her pressure and in the end she was given 6.000 Mark as compensation.
		Her husband, Emperor Karl was Austrian head of state 1916-18 and nominal head of State in Hungary till his death in 1922.
		As Federal Minister of Education and Culture since 1995, she was Acting Chief of Government and therefore also Acting Head of State until Chancellor Vranitsky returned to the country and became Acting President during the ilness of the Federal President.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Austria_heads.htm (1716 words)

	Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc.
		Crusader states can also include the lands of the Teutonic and Livonian Knights in the Baltic, which lasted until Prussia was secularized in 1525 and the last Grand Master of the Livonian Knights was made Duke of Courland by Poland in 1561.
		The Baltic states remained under Russian rule until after World War I. Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia were then independent until conquered by Stalin in 1940, after he was given a free hand in the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939.
		The new State of Israel was able to assemble a continuous piece of territory, with about the land area of New Jersey, from the Gulf of Aqaba to Lebanon, including a salient that ended at the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.
	www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (13900 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Jesuits (The Society of Jesus)
		Next to him in order of authority comes the provincials, the heads of the Society, whether for an entire country, as England, Ireland, Canada, Belgium, Mexico, or, where these units are too large or too small to make convenient provinces they may be subdivided or joined together.
		But this was in order that he might be able to conclude certain business matters and other affairs of state, and thus appear the sooner in public as a Jesuit, not that he might remain permanently outside the common life.
		Jesu (1625); Humphrey, The Religious State (London, 1889), a digest of the treatise of Suarez; Oswald, Comment.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14081a.htm (3576 words)

	EUROPA : The Future of the European Union - Declarations by the Heads of State and Government on the ratification of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		EUROPA : The Future of the European Union - Declarations by the Heads of State and Government on the ratification of the Constitution
		Europa > Constitution > Futurum > Declarations by the Heads of State and Government on the ratification of the Constitution
		Declarations by the Heads of State and Government on the ratification of the Constitution
	europa.eu.int /futurum/declarations_headstate_en.htm (218 words)

	AEGiS-AFP News: AIDS-Africa-leaders: African heads of state snub AIDS conference
		LUSAKA, Sept 12 (AFP) - African heads of state snubbed the international conference on AIDS in Africa that opened here Sunday, with not one of the invited leaders showing up at the opening ceremony.
		No head of state, not even host Zambian President Frederick Chiluba, who had been expected until Sunday morning to officially inaugurate the meeting, was at the event.
		According to Zambian foreign affairs officials, Cuban leader Fidel Castro was slated to be the guest of honour at the conference, the 11th international meeting on AIDS in Africa, which also invited at least 10 heads of state from countries in east and southern Africa, the hardest hit region in the world.
	www.aegis.com /news/afp/1999/AF990936.html (485 words)

	Belarus Project
		Gejdenson introduced the resolution in order to raise the international profile of this issue and to place pressure on the Belarusian government to honor its pledge to hold free and fair parliamentary elections by the end of this year and presidential elections in 2001.
		Furthermore, the resolution declares this treaty to be contrary to the spirit of the memorandum on security guarantees signed by Russian President Boris Yeltsin at the December 1994 Summit of OSCE Heads of State in Budapest, Hungary.
		According to Putin, he and Lukashenko analyzed the state of affairs of the Union treaty, talked about forthcoming election to the Belarusian parliament, and rapport between the two states in the political, foreign, defense, and economic spheres.
	www.ilhr.org /ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2000/17.htm (3976 words)

	France proposes meeting of Heads of State in Security Council for Bush vs. Chirac debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		France proposes that the heads of State and government come to UNO for the vote from the American resolution on Iraq, declared Friday the Minister French for the Affairs Foreign Domenica de Villepin with the Security Council.
		Chirac should debate another head of state on the opposing side whose stature is comparable to his own.
		The end to representation of the populations and the imposition of rule by the heads of state.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/859292/posts (2193 words)

	Zimbabwe: While African Heads of State meet in Paris, human rights violations against members of civil society continue ...
		As President Mugabe visits Paris to participate in the Franco-African Summit, Amnesty International is urging French and African heads of state to seize the opportunity to publicly state that they will not tolerate human rights violations in Zimbabwe.
		Since the beginning of 2003, state repression of human rights defenders and opposition MPs has again escalated, with the sole aim to silence dissent.
		Amnesty International calls on the African Heads of State and the French government to take all necessary steps to ensure that they and the Zimbabwean authorities live up to their responsibilities under theseguidelines.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/africa/document.do?id=80256AB9000584F680256CD1003CBF4F (605 words)

	CERN to welcome heads of state
		's 50th anniversary celebrations reach a climax with a ceremony to be attended by Heads of State, along with representatives of the governments of all the Organization's Member States and Observers.
		At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
		CERN was born in 1954 from the vision of a small number of scientists who saw the opportunity not only to build a world-class laboratory for nuclear and particle physics in Europe, but also to bring nations together through science.
	public.web.cern.ch /Press/PressReleases/Releases2004/PR18.04EVIPDay.html (808 words)

	Burundi: Protection of civilians should be top of regional heads of state agenda
		Amnesty International is also concerned that in the absence of a prompt and fully independent inquiry, the truth of the Itaba massacre and the identities of others who took part in, ordered or condoned the killings will not be fully revealed.
		Amnesty International is calling on the Regional Heads of State Meeting to exert its influence on the Transitional Government of Burundi to:
		Amnesty International also urges the Regional Heads of State to remind Burundian armed political groups of their obligations under international humanitarian law and to halt forthwith the unlawful killings of unarmed civilians and soldiers who are hors de combat by their forces.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/africa/document.do?id=80256AB9000584F680256C4B005A7249 (836 words)

	Current Heads of State of Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		* The principality of Andorra has two heads of state: the bishop of Urgel (Spain) and the descendants of the count of Foix (France) are both co-princes.
		The chairman of the presidency is the head of state; the chairmanship rotates every eight months.
		# The head of state of Switzerland is the presiding member of the Swiss Federal Council; he is elected for one year.
	www.dulminis.nl /europe (408 words)

	Chiefs of State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States.
		Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE.
		NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member.
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/chiefs (259 words)

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