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Topic: Headscarf

	Anton Rauscher - Headscarf Conflict
		Wearing the headscarf is expression of her religious conviction, and the refusal of her application violates the fundamental right to freedom of religion, according to article 4 paragraph 1 and 2 GG (Basic Law).
		Since the Islamic headscarf is seen rather as a sign of the inferior status of women in marriage and in the public, the question arises whether a schoolmistress with headscarf is able to impart the values of the Basic Law, and to answer for them in the necessary way.
		In the centre of the headscarf controversy is the tension between the fundamental right of freedom of religion and the necessity of religious and ideological neutrality of the state in a pluralistic society.
	www.con-spiration.de /texte/english/2006/kopftuch-e.html (5235 words)

	The Immanent Frame » Blog Archive » A headscarf affair, a women’s affair?
		As the most visible symbol of Islamization for the last three decades, the headscarf has been considered a threat to secularism and gender equality, two values that are cherished by those who are devoted to the heritage of Ataturk’s republican modernity.
		The headscarf of the peasant, the working-class woman or the grandmother is considered traditional or pious and is therefore acceptable.
		The young woman’s headscarf (called the “turban”) provokes, on the contrary, powerful emotions, anger and aversion to the extent that the temporal (religion as a relic from the past) and spatial (religion at the margins) separations and class distinctions between secular and religious disappear.
	www.ssrc.org /blogs/immanent_frame/2008/02/21/a-headscarf-affair-a-womens-affair (1485 words)

	Hijab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note: The word "Hijab" is often used in news reports and common use, by both Muslims and non-Muslims, to refer to a form of headscarf.
		In this case, it most often refers to a square scarf which is folded diagonally and worn over the head to cover the hair, ears and throat, but not the face.
		The word used in the Qu'ran for a headscarf is "khimar", which might be better to use when referring to headscarves in general, as many people argue that this use of "hijab" is incorrect, and it can certainly lead to confusion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hijab (1448 words)

	Key events in the Islamic headscarf controversy The Veil 2000
		Three Muslim schoolgirls wearing the Islamic headscarf are expelled from the collège (secondary school) Gabriel-Havez in Creil (north of Paris).
		First Conseil d'Etat* ruling affirming that, in principle, the wearing of the Islamic headscarf, as a symbol of religious expression, in public schools is not incompatible with the French school system and the system of laïcité.
		Publication of the third ministerial circular (circulaire Bayrou) distinguishing between "discrete" symbols to be tolerated in public schools, and "ostentatious" symbols, including the Islamic headscarf, to be banned from public schools.
	www.unc.edu /depts/europe/conferences/Veil2000/articles/keyevents-headscarf.htm (379 words)

	Dhimmi Watch: "The headscarf is just the tip of the iceberg" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The headscarf’s introduction and use into public areas indeed favors the creation of a gender barrier, which today is not limited to the headscarf itself, but in some other countries has given rise to an actual division of space, even in public transport vehicles (e.g.
		However, all these changes in the headscarf’s use and practice is joined to that which is a constant in the customs and norms of Muslim society: the dichotomy between the pure and impure, and prohibition as a basis for Islamic law.
		Muslim societies are obsessed by issues of impurity; and the headscarf tends to symbolically preserve the bounds between the pure and impure.
	www.jihadwatch.org /dhimmiwatch/archives/000807.php (1832 words)

	CHAMBER JUDGMENTS IN THE CASES OF LEYLA SAHIN v. TURKEY AND ZEYNEP TEKIN v. TURKEY
		In December 1993 the applicant was reprimanded for wearing the Islamic headscarf instead of the regulation headwear.
		She was subsequently caught wearing the Islamic headscarf on a number of occasions and on 23 December 1993 was suspended from the college for 15 days in accordance with the circular of 22 December 1988.
		Rather than barring students wearing the Islamic headscarf access to the university, the university authorities had sought throughout the decision-making process to adapt to the evolving situation through continued dialogue with those concerned, while at the same time ensuring that order was maintained on the premises.
	www.echr.coe.int /Eng/Press/2004/June/ChamberjudgmentsSahinandTekin.htm (1885 words)

	LWF News - German Churches Disagree on Headscarf Ban for Muslim Teachers
		The headscarf issue flared up when Ms Fereshta Ludin, a teacher from Afghanistan, filed a law suit arguing that the Bundesland (state of the German federation) of Baden-Württemberg had not employed her as a school teacher, because she wanted to wear her headscarf in the classroom.
		Friedrich, bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria feels that the headscarf is not compatible with the equality between men and women as laid down in the German Constitution.
		The headscarf could be understood as a “dubious political message” that is incompatible with the constitutional equality between men and women, Freiburg Archbishop Robert Zollitsch and Rottenburg-Stuttgart Bishop Gebhard Fürst jointly stated in early February.
	www.lutheranworld.org /News/LWI/EN/1414.EN.html (1363 words)

	Middle East Report Online: Interventions - Lawfare and Wearfare in Turkey by Hilal Elver
		Doğramacı called the Muslim headscarf a “turban” to indicate that it was a voluntary means of covering a woman’s hair, a fashion statement, and not a religious duty or a political symbol.
		The headscarf advocates claim that the freedom to wear it is connected to freedom of religion.
		As the political crisis over the headscarf continues to unfold, it is disturbing that the AKP seems to be searching quietly for ways to neuter their Kemalist opponents, as their precursor parties did before being closed down one after another.
	www.merip.org /mero/interventions/elverINT.html (4650 words)

	Headscarf row airs religious-secular tensions in Turkey - Feature : Middle East World
		Secularists argue that the headscarf is a political symbol that has no place in schools.
		The government will move to only allow loose headscarves that are worn with a knot tied under the chin, a traditional Turkish style, and not the style favoured by the wives of most AKP leaders, including Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's wife Emine, which covers the neck and is considered as Arabic in origin.
		In the meantime, the military, which first introduced bans on the headscarf after the 1980 coup, has refused to get involved in the debate, instead saying that it is watching the situation closely.
	www.earthtimes.org /articles/show/184100,headscarf-row-airs-religious-secular-tensions-in-turkey--feature.html (614 words)

	Headscarf to send universities toward chaos - Turkish Daily News Jan 30, 2008
		The headscarf is a religious and political symbol and freeing its use in universities is unthinkable, read the statement.
		It is clear that the drive to open the path for the use of the headscarf in universities is meant as a tentative move toward changing the nature of the regime, read the statement.
		The committee is a staunch opponent of the headscarf, which it considers a religious and political symbol that could undermine the secular character of universities and the republic.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=95045 (425 words)

	The Immanent Frame » The headscarf controversy
		In Turkey, the headscarf is usually taken as an emblem of tradition and backwardness, and its removal from public life is associated with modernization and progress.
		For both sides of this conflict, the headscarf is at the center of the debate because the debate is, in its essence, about gender relations.
		Turkey’s ban of the headscarf on university campuses — rather than the headscarf itself — has become a serious impediment to women’s participation in economic and professional life.
	www.ssrc.org /blogs/immanent_frame/category/the-headscarf-controversy (571 words)

	Study Challenges Widely-held Notions About Islamic Headscarf \| Germany \| Deutsche Welle \| 25.09.2006
		The headscarf is widely regarded in German society as a religious or political symbol that stands for the suppression of women or Muslim fundamentalism.
		For most, the decision to don a headscarf is personal and one that -- contrary to widespread perception -- is hardly influenced by the father, brother or husband.
		Nine out of 10 women said the headscarf gave them self-confidence -- a point that the authors of the study say is "needed" because more than half the women feel discriminated against on account of their headgear at the work place or during a job search.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,2144,2179580,00.html (948 words)

	Headscarf dominates agenda once again
		Wearing the Islamic headscarf was banned in universities in the late 1990s in a ruling by the Constitutional Court on grounds that this is a violation of the nation's secular principles as it is a political and religious symbol.
		Gergenlioglu said Erdogan's remarks renewed hope that the headscarf ban will be removed sooner or later and stressed that the government's efforts to resolve the headscarf crisis are supported in both the national and international arenas.
		Kzlhan said imposing a ban on the Islamic headscarf is tantamount to violating fundamental human rights, asserting that there is not a single clause in the current constitution requiring such a ban.
	www.whrnet.org /fundamentalisms/docs/issue-zaman-0108.html (1224 words)

	James in Turkey: A crash course in Turkey's headscarf debate
		The Turkish headscarf debate is complicated by the fact that there are more styles than just the loose headscarf and the full veil.
		Part of the secularist position is that the whole point of a Muslim headscarf is to conceal a woman's beauty, rather than becoming an accessory for it.
		He said the permitted headscarf would be tied beneath the chin, and revealed that they were even thinking of attaching photographs of a regulation headscarf to the law.
	jamesinturkey.blogspot.com /2008/01/crash-course-in-turkeys-headscarf.html (1126 words)

	Headscarf controversy in Tunisia heats up (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Opponents of the headscarf in Tunisia, who in recent years criticised the silence of Tunisian authorities regarding the return of headscarves, fear a rapprochement between the government and Islamists could culminate in a new political party, although the nation prohibits political parties based on religion.
		The party's website says people who defend wearing the headscarf based on personal freedom should not present it as a religious duty, judge a woman on whether or not they wear it or keep silent about or agree with the practice in places where it is mandatory.
		The headscarf is a political symbol of subjugation, extremism, and murder.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1728462/posts (610 words)

	Turkey: Headscarf Ban Stifles Academic Freedom (Human Rights Watch, 29-6-2004)
		In the name of secularism, the Turkish government imposes the headscarf ban as a barrier to the perceived threat: the encroachment of Islam into the political field.
		Human Rights Watch urged the government to lift the headscarf ban as part of a broader strategy for remedying shortcomings in the protection of women and improving their access to education and employment.
		Several Turkish students barred from university education for wearing the headscarf have appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, which is scheduled to rule on their cases today.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2004/06/29/turkey8965.htm (901 words)

	Turkish parliament to debate headscarf styles
		Turkey bans the headscarf in universities as a symbol of political Islam but the religiously oriented AK Party has long wanted to relax the restriction and has won crucial backing from the nationalist MHP, which it needs to amend the constitution.
		Under the details agreed by the two parties late on Monday, women at universities are permitted to cover their heads by tying the headscarf in the traditional way beneath the chin, newspapers said on Tuesday.
		The ban would remain on the wrap-around headscarf associated with political Islam as well as on other forms of Islamic dress such as the burkha, which conceals the whole body.
	www.alarabiya.net /articles/2008/01/29/44875.html (409 words)

	Turkey steps closer to lifting headscarf ban
		Erdogan, whose own wife and daughters wear the headscarf, insists it is a matter of human rights in a country where about two-thirds of women cover their heads.
		Public servants are also banned from wearing the Islamic headscarf in Turkey, but newspapers quoted a senior AKP lawmaker as saying the planned reform would only extend to university students.
		Secularists tend to see the headscarf as a threat to the modernizing reforms of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who threw religion out of public life in the 1920s and 1930s as he rebuilt Turkey from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.alarabiya.net /articles/2008/01/24/44662.html (540 words)

	Chirac backs ban on Islamic headscarf
		The headscarf issue has become the focus of heated arguments over how best to integrate France's Muslim minority, with "secularists" fearful that the Islamic garb is an outward sign of a refusal to assimilate fully into French society.
		It is estimated that several thousand girls wear the headscarf in schools, but the controversy has been driven by a handful of high-profile cases in which pupils were expelled from school for refusing to uncover themselves.
		In the western city of Rennes Wednesday, secondary teachers demanded steps from the authorities to discipline a girl student of Iraqi origin who was wearing a headscarf and "disturbing the educative function" of the school.
	www.infomideast.com /arch1/a0022.html (684 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Turkey divided over headscarf ban
		In the 1980s the headscarf was also prohibited at all universities, declared a symbol of political Islam.
		Many were women who fear that relaxing the rules on the headscarf is a first step towards increasing the influence of Islam on society.
		The headscarf ban in universities began to be strictly enforced after that.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/7239330.stm (979 words)

	Charges against Cig for headscarf references dropped
		The Istanbul court, however, acquitted her on grounds that the elements of a crime were not evident in her academic assertion - that 5,000 years ago, the headscarf was a symbol used to distinguish temple priestesses who had ritual sex with young men to initiate them and to celebrate fertility.
		In the resolution of the headscarf ban, for example, the most challenging and provoking conflict between the secular and religious circles in the country, one can clearly follow how the defence mechanism works in a coordinated effort between the secular establishment and its strong institutions, like the military.
		Regardless of the impossibility to determine whose agenda is political or whose is purely religious, one thing that is sure is that women with headscarves will be the most profitable group to invest in, in the upcoming general elections as their numbers and visibility keep increasing.
	www.observercyprus.com /observer/NewsDetails.aspx?id=746 (1257 words)

	The “headscarf case” in Germany
		The Administration courts and many German citizens defend the ban of the headscarf mainly by citing the religious freedom of the pupils.In combination with the parents’ personal right of education, a religiously neutral school education has to be guaranteed in public schools.
		On the contrary, many Germans think that wearing a headscarf at school is an opportunity to teach children tolerance and to reduce the problems of integration of the Muslim population.
		Concerning the “crucifix case”, the advocates of the headscarf see the decisive difference in the fact that the state’s neutrality is not touched by a teacher with a headscarf.
	www.injuria.no /tema/artikkel296.html (1234 words)

	CNN.com - Muslim girls suspended for headscarves - February 5, 2002
		The Malay Muslim headscarf, known as the tudung, is not part of the girls' school uniform and wearing it in school is against government policy.
		Clutching the hands of family members, the girls had little idea of the storm surrounding them or the broader impact of their moves as the city state stresses moderation and unity after the recent detention of 13 suspected Muslim militants.
		There is no hint the headscarf issue will become explosive but it caps a series of grievances that include the exclusion of Muslim men from sensitive areas of the military and concern over Malays lagging behind the Chinese economically.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/02/04/singapore.headscarf/index.html (628 words)

	Islam :: Vatican weighs into German row over religious symbols (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He told Focus magazine: "Many women consider the headscarf to be a symbol of discrimination but Christian crosses and religious clothing have not the slightest trace of political propaganda about them.
		The move follows a decision in September by the country's Constitutional Court, which concluded that it could not implement a national headscarf ban and, instead, ruled that it was up to individual states to legislate.
		German legal experts have warned that attempts to implement a headscarf ban in state schools could provoke a series of protracted court battles, with Muslim complainants arguing that their religion was being discriminated against.
	www.religionnewsblog.com /news.php?p=5552&c=1 (820 words)

	Al-Muhajabah's Islamic Blogs: more nations quail in fear of the mighty headscarf
		The Afghan-German woman, who fought for her "rights" to wear a headscarf while teaching all the way up to the constitutional court was supported in her fight by, let's sa, muslim groups of doubtful origins, whith doubtful political aims.
		As many other traditional cultural, or religious symbols, for some to wear it is a legimiate expression of religious freedom (or, as in the case of many young muslim girls in French Banlieues, as means of sexual protection from their male peers).
		If wearing a headscarf is promoting my religious beliefs, then so is wearing a long skirt because the reasoning is the same in both cases.
	www.muhajabah.com /islamicblog/archives/veiled4allah/008615.php (7886 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Turkish leaders seek to ease headscarf tensions
		Those opposed to lifting the ban see the headscarf as a symbol of their worst fears that Turkey could eventually slide into Islamic sharia law as practised in neighbouring Iran.
		Erdogan, a pious Muslim whose wife and daughters wear the headscarf, repeated his AK Party's pledge to uphold secularism.
		The headscarf debate is central to Turkey's complex identity, as the young democracy struggles to meet the demands of a secular, pro-Western, and predominantly urban population and a pious Muslim one that used to be based in rural areas.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20080205-0728-turkey-headscarf-.html (610 words)

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