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Topic: Heart defects

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	What Are Congenital Heart Defects?
		Congenital (kon-JEN-i-tal) heart defects are problems with the heart’s structure that are present at birth.
		Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect, affecting 8 of every 1,000 newborns.
		A small number of babies are born with complex congenital heart defects that need special medical attention soon after birth.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /health/dci/Diseases/chd/chd_what.html (278 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects in Children Fact Sheet
		Congenital heart defects are structural problems with the heart present at birth.
		Defects range in severity from simple problems, such as "holes" between chambers of the heart, to very severe malformations, such as complete absence of one or more chambers or valves.
		Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect and are the number one cause of death from birth defects during the first year of life.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=12012 (655 words)

	Congenital heart defects: When your baby's born with a heart malformation - MayoClinic.com
		If your infant or child has been diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, it means he or she was born with a problem in the heart's formation.
		Examples of hole defects include ventricular septal defect, which is a hole in the wall between the right and left ventricles; atrial septal defect, a hole between the upper heart chambers; and patent ductus arteriosus (DUK-tus ahr-teer-e-O-sus), an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
		For example, tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four defects: a hole in the ventricular septum; a narrowed passage between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; a shift in the connection of the aorta to the heart; and thickened muscle in the right ventricle.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/congenital-heart-defects/CC00011 (1808 words)

	Cardiovascular Diseases - Congenital Heart Defects
		When the heart or blood vessels near the heart do not develop normally before birth, a condition called congenital heart defect occurs (congenital means "inborn" or "existing at birth").
		Congenital heart defects occur in about 1 percent of live births, but, in most cases, the cause is unknown.
		Some congenital heart defects allow blood to flow between the right and left chambers of the heart because an infant is born with an opening in the septum wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /healthinfo/adult/cardiac/congent.htm (1218 words)

	Types of CHD and their Descriptions
		In the most complex form of this defect, not only are there holes between the atria, the ventricles, and the mitral/tricuspid valves, one of the ventricles may not be properly formed, the valves may be 'over-riding' or 'straddling', or there may be an obstruction to the aorta.
		This defect is commonly associated with ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, heart block and an Ebstein-like malformation of the tricuspid valve.
		In this congenital heart defect, the aorta (the main artery that carries blood to the body) originates from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (the artery that carries low-oxygen blood to the lungs) from the left ventricle.
	www.congenitalheartdefects.com /typesofCHD.html (7770 words)

	Health Information - Yale Medical Group
		Most heart defects either cause an abnormal blood flow through the heart, or obstruct blood flow in the heart or vessels (obstructions are called stenoses and can occur in heart valves, arteries, or veins).
		In this defect, there is a downward displacement of the tricuspid valve (located between the upper and lower chambers on the right side of the heart) into the right bottom chamber of the heart (or right ventricle).
		This defect, which normally occurs during the fetal life, short circuits the normal pulmonary vascular system and allows blood to mix between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
	ymghealthinfo.org /content.asp?page=P00205 (1221 words)

	FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Congenital Heart Defects
		The partitions between the heart's chambers may fail to develop properly, leaving abnormal connections between the two sides of the heart, or the valves connecting the chambers may be displaced, narrowed or completely closed.
		The vast majority of congenital heart defects are thought to stem from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
		In about one-third of cases, a heart defect is apparent to the pediatrician and newborn-care nurses in the hospital shortly after birth.
	familyfun.go.com /parenting/child/health/childhealth/dony79enc_heart (960 words)

	Overview of Congenital Heart Defects and Children's Heart Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Often, congenital heart defects are a result of one of these crucial steps not happening at the right time, leaving a hole where a dividing wall should have formed, or a single blood vessel where two ought to be.
		Some heart problems can be watched by the child's physician and managed with medications, while others will require surgery, sometimes as soon as in the first few hours after birth.
		These defects allow oxygen-rich (red) blood that should be traveling to the body to recirculate through the lungs, causing increased pressure and stress in the lungs.
	www.chw.org /display/PPF/DocID/3043/router.asp (676 words)

	Heart defects
		If your child complains of a racing heart, or you feel your child's heart racing at rest, it may be due to extra heartbeats, or a fast heart rate, a.k.a.
		Sleeping babies may have heart rates which approach 70 beats per minute, and get a little under that, but that is because they are at total rest and do not need their heart to do a lot of work.
		The most common children's heart's defect is a small hole between the 2 ventricles, which is called a ventricular septal defect.
	www.intensivecaring.com /heartdefects.htm (1014 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Doctors usually do not know the cause of congenital heart defects, but they do know of some conditions that increase a child's risk of being born with a heart defect.
		They cannot diagnose all defects before birth though, because the heart continues to develop in the days after the baby is born.
		Texas Heart Institute, Texas Heart Institute Journal, THI, Heart Owner's, The Heart of Discovery, and Leading With the Heart are members of the family of trademarks of the Texas Heart Institute.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/congenit.html (496 words)

	Quick Reference: Congenital Heart Defects
		Heart defects are among the most common birth defects and are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths (2).
		Heart defects originate in the early part of pregnancy when the heart is forming.
		Heart defects also are common in children with a variety of inherited disorders, including Noonan (short stature, learning disabilities), velocardiofacial (craniofacial defects and immune deficiencies), and Holt-Oram (limb defects) syndromes (9).
	www.marchofdimes.com /professionals/14332_1212.asp (2490 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects
		Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure that are present at birth.
		Congenital heart defects happen because of incomplete or abnormal development of the fetus' heart during the very early weeks of pregnancy.
		Typically there is a large hole between the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) and, often, an additional hole between the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles).
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/medical/heart/congenital_heart_defects.html (1891 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Heart defects are among the most common birth defects (Read about "Birth Defects") in the United States, according to the March of Dimes (MOD), affecting nearly one in every hundred births.
		One thing congenital heart defects have in common is that in most cases, we don't exactly know why they develop.
		It's important for parents to be aware of the fact that treatment for certain congenital heart defects puts the child at greater risk for getting an infection of the valves called endocarditis.
	www.stayinginshape.com /4drhs/libv/h23.shtml (1196 words)

	New Devices Treat Heart Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The defects, also known as congenital heart defects, involve holes in the heart called septal defects.
		The devices are used to repair two types: atrial septal defects, which involve a hole between the top chambers of the heart, and ventricular septal defects, which involve a hole between the bottom chambers of the heart.
		Or, the heart may be overworked because blood is circulating improperly.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2002/202_heart.html (652 words)

	HEART DEFECTS : Contact a Family - for families with disabled children: information on rare syndromes and disorders
		The heart itself is a pump whose function is to supply the body with oxygen by circulating blood throughout the vascular system.
		Heart defects may occur with other anomalies in specific syndromes such as Marfan or Down.
		It supports families of children born with heart conditions, who are treated at the Evelina Children's Hospital within Guy's and St Thomas' hospitals and their satellite clinics in greater London, Surrey, Kent, Essex, Sussex, Middlesex, Suffolk and Norfolk.
	www.cafamily.org.uk /Direct/h27.html (1733 words)

	Cyanotic Congenital Defects
		Congenital heart defects are heart defects that are present at birth.
		In the cyanotic defects, a shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers venous (deoxygenated) blood from the right side of the heart into the arterial circulation.
		In general, cyanotic heart birth defects are more complex than acyanotic defects, and have a combination of defects.
	www.mamashealth.com /cyanotic.asp (216 words)

	Types of Congenital Heart Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When a defective pulmonary valve does not open properly, it is stenotic, which causes the right ventricle to pump harder than normal to overcome the obstruction.
		Ebstein's anomaly - In this defect, there is a downward displacement of the tricuspid valve (located between the upper and lower chambers on the right side of the heart) into the right bottom chamber of the heart (right ventricle).
		Eisenmenger's complex - This is a ventricular septal defect coupled with pulmonary high blood pressure, passage of blood from the right side of the heart to the left (right to left shunt), an enlarged right ventricle, and a latent or clearly visible bluish discoloration of the skin called cyanosis.
	www.umm.edu /cardiac/contypes.htm (1497 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Congenital heart disease
		Congenital heart diseases are abnormalities of the heart's structure and function caused by abnormal or disordered heart development before birth.
		Congenital heart disease is often divided into two types: those with cyanosis (blue discoloration caused by a relative lack of oxygen) and those without cyanosis.
		VSD is the most commonly diagnosed congenital heart defect (about one-third of all cases) and it is seen almost three times as often as ASD and PDA, which are the next most common.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001114.htm (817 words)

	HeartPoint: Congenital Heart Disease
		Congenital Heart Disease are defects present from birth and effect a little less than 1% of all children.
		The heart starts in the embryo as a simple pulsatile tube, and must twist and rotate, cavitate, form valves, etc. to form the complex four chambered organ – there are ample opportunities for something to go wrong.
		There is further evidence of a genetic contribution in that parents who have had one child with a congenital heart abnormality have an increased risk of their next children having some sort of congenital heart abnormality as well.
	www.heartpoint.com /congheartdx.html (491 words)

	CHDQUILTHOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) are the number 1 birth defect and the leading cause of birth defect related death, yet there is very little public awareness of the 35 known diagnosis of CHD.
		The Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Quilt Project was created to promote greater public awareness of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD), while honoring the strength, courage, and commitment of all those born with a CHD and their families.
		The Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) Awareness Quilt Project, Inc. is a non-profit (501c3) organization dedicated to promoting greater public awareness of congenital heart defects while honoring and remembering the more than one million people born with a chd.
	thechdquilt.homestead.com /CHDQUILTHOME.html (371 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects
		The four main types of acquired heart defect are Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and rheumatic heart disease.
		Congenital heart defects include ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great vessels, coarctation of aorta, tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
		In Australia, as many as one baby in 100 is born with a congenital heart defect.
	www.healthinsite.gov.au /topics/Congenital_Heart_Defects (548 words)

	Children's Heart Institute \| Patient Education - Home
		A simplified illustration of the structure and inner-workings of the heart.
		Learn all about heart murmurs: what they are, how they are caused, physical signs, and get answers to the most common questions.
		Learn about pressures created by the heart: what they are, how the heart pushes blood through the body, and how doctors use heart pressures to diagnose heart problems.
	www.childrenheartinstitute.org /educate/eduhome.htm (312 words)

	UMMC - Congenital Heart Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Congenital heart defects occur while a fetus is developing and can be caused by a number of factors.
		The abnormalities range from mild defects that may eventually correct themselves, to those that are life threatening.
		For example, a defect may obstruct blood flow in the heart or cause the blood to flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/heart/valve01.htm (292 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects
		He was nine-years-old at the time, and to find out that your seemingly healthy child had a heart defect that went undetected for nine years definitely opened my eyes to a scary reality.
		A mutation in the gene GATA-4 is said to be the cause of common Congenital Heart Defects, a condition that affects approximately 25,000 babies a year.
		Congenital Heart Defects is one of the most common defects a child can be born with - and it is not always detected right away.
	www.suite101.com /welcome.cfm/congen_heart_defects (529 words)

	Congenital heart defects
		Congenital heart defects are structural heart problems or abnormalities that have been present since birth.
		Congenital heart defects may be passed from a parent to a child (inherited), develop in the fetus of a woman who has an infection or is exposed to radiation or other toxic substances during her pregnancy, or have no known cause.
		Having a congenital heart defect increases the risk for developing complications, such as heart failure, endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, and heart valve problems.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/stc123771.asp?navbar=hw256331 (174 words)

	Acyanotic
		Some infants with severe acyanotic varieties of congenital heart disease may fail to thrive and may have breathing difficulties.
		Acyanotic Heart Disease is a broad term for any congenital heart defect in which all of the blood returning to the right side of the heart passes through the lungs and pulmonary vasculature in the normal fashion.
		The common forms of acyanotic CHD are those where there is a defect in one of the walls separating the chambers of the heart, or obstruction to one valve or artery.
	www.mamashealth.com /Acyanotic.asp (229 words)

	Information on Heart Defects
		Some prescription and over-the-counter medications, alcohol and "street" drugs may increase the risk of having a baby with a heart defect.
		Other factors that affect the heart's development are being studied.
		The truth is that we still don't know what causes most congenital heart defects.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=150 (178 words)

	A DAY FOR HEARTS : CHD Awareness Day, Feb.14th - Heart Disease and Cardiology
		Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) are a lethal constellation of birth defects of the heart that affect millions of newborn infants and children worldwide; a killer that claims thousands of lives every year.
		Absent, narrow or leaky heart valves and blood vessels, holes in the walls between chambers, transposed arteries and under-development or total absence of one or more components are all possible.
		When a child is born with a heart defect, parents may feel many deep emotions including grief, shock, denial, guilt, anger, despair or confusion.
	www.chdinfo.com /chdaware (650 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease Center - HeartCenterOnline:
		Congenital heart disease refers to any defect of the heart present at birth.
		Some involve holes in the heart muscle that either should not occur (atrial septal defect, AV septal defect and ventricular septal defect) or that should close with time and dont (patent foramen ovale or patent truncus arteriosis).
		Heart defects might also involve incorrect connections between heart structures as occurs with coarctation of the aorta, double outlet right ventricle (DORV), TAPVR, transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and truncus arteriosus.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com /congenitalheartdisease (521 words)

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