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Topic: Heart lung bypass

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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

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	Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
		In this way, cardiopulmonary bypass permits the patients' blood to bypass the heart and lungs, achieving the desired bloodless, motionless operative field and still supplying all the other organs of the body with a constant supply of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood.
		Although the origins of cardiopulmonary bypass can be traced back to the 19th century, the field has developed rapidly in the last 50 years.
		The function of the heart may be compromised to a degree after bypass surgery.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/heart-encyclopedia/treat/surg/bypass.htm (950 words)

	Heart-Lung Transplantation - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/Preparation, Aftercare, Risks, ...
		Heart-lung transplantation is the replacement of the native diseased heart and lungs by transplant of donor heart and lungs.
		The surgeon removes the diseased organs: in the heart, the native right and left atriums are left intact, along with the native aorta beyond the coronary arteries.
		The donor heart is dissected to match the remaining native heart and aorta.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /Fi-La/Heart-Lung-Transplantation.html (1437 words)

	Heart Surgery Options
		This method of heart surgery is the standard approach where the entire rib cage is opened and the heart muscle is fully exposed.
		The patient is placed on heart-lung bypass which allows oxygenated blood to circulate to the body while it bypasses the heart.
		The heart-lung bypass machine allows the surgeon to stop the heart and perform the surgery while the heart muscle is not moving.
	www.womensheartfoundation.org /content/HeartSurgery/heart_surgery_options.asp (1308 words)

	wnbc.com - Health - Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The purpose of bypass surgery is to increase the circulation and nourishment to the heart muscle.
		The arteries or veins are connected from the aorta to the surface of the heart beyond the blockages forming a graft.
		Bypass surgery may be needed for various reasons, such as an angioplasty that did not sufficiently widen the blood vessel, or blockages that cannot be reached by, or are too long or hard for, angioplasty.
	www.wnbc.com /health/3705649/detail.html (396 words)

	Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
		During a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), blood flow is rerouted through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections of your coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart muscle tissue.
		Bypass surgery is usually performed for heart attack only when other treatments, such as medication and angioplasty with or without stenting, are not useful because of the location or extent of the blockage.
		Bypass surgery often relieves symptoms of chest pain (angina), improves exercise performance, and reduces the risk of a future heart attack.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/surgical/tx4263/detail.htm (1235 words)

	Bypass Heart Surgery Methods \| Bypass Heart Surgeries Risk
		A bypass heart surgery is done to bypass any clogs in the artery and to enable smooth flow of blood to and from the heart.
		The bypass heart surgery bypasses these blocks in the artery through new grafts that are placed before and after the blocked area of the artery.
		A bypass heart surgery is usually done by stopping the beat of the heart and using a heart lung machine which does the job of the heart.
	www.surgery-guide.com /bypass-heart-surgery.html (266 words)

	Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
		During a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), blood flow is rerouted through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections of your coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart muscle tissue.
		Bypass surgery is usually performed for heart attack only when other treatments, such as medication and angioplasty with or without stenting, are not useful because of the location or extent of the blockage.
		Bypass surgery often relieves symptoms of chest pain (angina), improves exercise performance, and reduces the risk of a future heart attack.
	www.webmd.com /heart-disease/Coronary-artery-bypass-graft-CABG-surgery (1477 words)

	Coronary artery bypass surgery for coronary artery disease
		During a coronary artery bypass, the diseased sections of your coronary arteries are bypassed with healthy artery or vein grafts to increase blood flow to the heart muscle tissue.
		In either case, blood is redirected through the artery or vein graft, bypassing the blocked or narrowed artery and increasing blood flow to a region of the heart.
		Bypass surgery often relieves symptoms of chest pain (angina), improves exercise performance, and reduces the risk of heart attack.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/surgical/hw101095/detail.htm (1212 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
		Traditionally, coronary artery bypass surgery is performed with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass.
		Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery may be performed in certain patients with coronary artery disease.
		The aims of off-pump bypass surgery is to decrease the morbidity of coronary artery bypass surgery, such as stroke, renal failure and need for blood transfusion.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/cad/offpump.htm (1204 words)

	Bypass Surgery
		Minimally invasive bypass surgery is believed to have the same beneficial results as conventional bypass surgery--restoring adequate blood flow and normal delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart.
		One of the greatest challenges in minimally invasive bypass surgery is the difficulty of suturing or "sewing" on a beating heart.
		If the surgeon chooses to operate on a beating heart, a stabilization system is used to steady only the portion of the heart where the surgeon is operating.
	www.cts.usc.edu /hpg-minimallyinvasivebypasssurgery.html (705 words)

	Beating Heart Bypass Surgery
		Beating heart bypass surgery is the newest and most significant advancement in cardiac surgery.
		It allows the heart to continue beating naturally during the operation, eliminating the need for a heart-lung machine, or pump.
		The surgeons at Union Memorial Hospital have performed beating heart bypass surgeries since 1994 and are the most experienced in Maryland.
	www.unionmemorial.org /npt.cfm?id=51 (377 words)

	Philippine News Online: The amazing technique in heart bypass
		Opcab stands for off-pump coronary artery bypass, which means the heart bypass surgery is done without the use of the heart lung machine and done on a beating heart.
		When the heart has to be stopped in order for the surgeon to be able to suture and connect the bypass grafts to the tiny (1.5 mm diameter) coronary arteries beyond the blocked segment, the patient’s circulation would obviously be halted.
		Arresting the heart during surgery and clamping the aorta (in order to maintain a clear and bloodless surgical field to make it easier for the surgeon to do the bypass) totally cuts off the circulation from the aorta to the coronary arteries (which brings blood containing oxygen and nutrition to the heart muscles).
	www.philippinenews.com /news/view_article.html?article_id=a3d2bf798b7206f67039286abd5a3d4c (921 words)

	Surgery - Heart bypass surgery - Detroit, Michigan
		Heart bypass surgery creates a detour or "bypass" around the blocked part of a coronary artery to restore the blood supply to the heart muscle.
		In the traditional surgery, the patient is connected to the heart-lung machine, or bypass pump, which adds oxygen to the blood and circulates blood to other parts of the body during the surgery.
		Recently, coronary bypass surgery is being performed with the aid of a robot, which allows the surgeon to perform the operation without even being in the same room as the patient.
	www.henryfordhealth.org /13752.cfm (1843 words)

	Heart Bypass Surgery Information
		Arteries are designed to carry blood from the heart to the rest of your body.
		Multiple bypass surgery occurs when several arteries are blocked, and several bypasses are needed.
		During the operation, the body is connected to a heart-lung bypass machine that keeps the blood flowing.
	www.learnaboutbypass.com (401 words)

	Heart-Lung Bypass Oxygenators
		Since pulmonary blood flow is interrupted during bypass, inhalation anesthesia must be administered via the oxygenator ventilation gases using a vaporizer to combine the liquid anesthetic and oxygen.
		Because of the length of some bypass procedures, some anesthesia vaporizers may not have sufficient capacity (or may not be adequately filled during setup), and may require refilling during surgery.
		Although metabolic activity and oxygen demand are significantly lowered by induced hypothermia, cessation of extracorporeal blood flow during bypass is extremely risky and may jeopardize the success of the surgical procedure, particularly if perfusion is interrupted prior to cooling or during rewarming, when organ oxygen demand is critical.
	www.mdsr.ecri.org /summary/detail.aspx?doc_id=8095 (644 words)

	St. Mark's Hospital - Beating Heart
		Until recently, it was always necessary to use a cardiopulmonary bypass machine for a patient to undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
		With this procedure, the patient's heart is stopped while a machine functions as the patient's heart and lungs.
		A specialized retractor stabilizes the part of the heart where the vein graft is to be sewn, and a modified suction device uses carbon dioxide gas to simultaneously blow and remove blood from the surgical field.
	www.stmarkshospital.com /CustomPage.asp?PageName=Beating%20Heart (144 words)

	Breathing and asthma. Artificial lung.
		It is not unusual for the heart to be stopped for several hours during major surgery with the patient being kept alive by a heart-lung bypass machine.
		A heart-lung bypass machine can be used for major operations but it could not be used to keep a patient alive who has a long-term lung problem or while their lungs are recovering from some form of damage.
		Their lungs cannot take in sufficient oxygen and the IMO is designed to add extra oxygen to the blood before it gets to the patient's lungs.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/biology/abpi/asthma/asth7.html (388 words)

	Cedars-Sinai Heart Center - Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
		During bypass surgery, the breastbone (sternum) is divided.
		Today, Cedars-Sinai heart surgeons use an artery from inside the chest wall) in 95% of cases because studies have shown that it improves long-term survival for the patient.) In some cases, a small vein from the lower arm, the radial artery, may be used for the bypass.
		For most bypass surgeries, a heart-lung machine is used to do the work of the heart while the surgeon operates on it.
	www.csmc.edu /2347.html (670 words)

	The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
		Cardiothoracic surgeons perform the procedure to bypass blockages or obstructions of the coronary arteries.
		When there are blockages of the arteries to the heart, an individual may experience chest pain or angina pectoris, or ultimately even a heart attack or myocardial infarction.
		All bypasses were originally performed using saphenous vein from the leg to carry blood around the obstruction.
	www.sts.org /doc/3706 (1393 words)

	GW Hospital : Patient Story: Bypass Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Bypass surgery may be done to restore blood flow to the heart muscle, stop chest pain, and reduce the risk of heart attack.
		To complete the bypass, a segment of a vein in the leg or arm is taken and used to build a detour around the blockage.
		The heart muscle must be in a resting state while the bypass grafts are sewn in place.
	www.gwhospital.com /p1232.html (252 words)

	10 NEWS Health Facts - WTAJ-TV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Heart disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the U.S. This year, the American Heart Association estimates 1.1 million Americans will have a heart attack.
		In coronary artery bypass surgery, doctors take an artery in the chest or a piece of vein from another area of the body (often a vein in the leg).
		Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (often referred to as simply bypass surgery) is a very effective treatment for patients with blocked arteries in the heart.
	www.wtajtv.com /health/wahrtsur.html (618 words)

	Heart Bypass FAQ
		Arteries carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
		The aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart.
		Doctors are studying a new way to do heart bypass surgery designed to make recovery time shorter, safer, and more comfortable.
	www.webmd.com /heart-disease/news/20040903/heart-bypass-faq (648 words)

	Off-pump bypass results in fewer complications
		In off-pump bypass, the heart is kept beating and just the portion of the heart with the affected artery is held still, while the bypass graft is sewn in place.
		Half were prospectively randomized to undergo bypass without the pump (Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass or OPCAB) and half were assigned to undergo bypass surgery with the pump.
		When a patient is placed on cardiopulmonary bypass the heart is temporarily stopped to allow the bypass grafts to be sewn on a stilled heart.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-06/aha-obr052303.php (930 words)

	Off-Pump Bypass Surgery - Swedish MC, Seattle, Washington, WA
		One of the recent advances in heart surgery is the evolution of “off-pump” coronary-artery bypass surgery.
		Traditional bypass surgery — where a blood vessel is taken from another part of the body and used to create a new route that “bypasses” coronary-artery blockage — requires the surgeon to stop the heart while a heart-lung machine circulates the patient’s blood until the heart is restarted.
		Because the patient’s heart has not been stopped, as with traditional bypass surgery, a heart-lung machine is not required to circulate blood.
	www.swedish.org /1904.cfm (174 words)

	New heart bypass procedure sidesteps heart-lung machine, reduces related complications
		And beating-heart bypasses are proving as sturdy and durable as conventional bypasses.
		In conventional bypass surgery, the heart is flooded with cold fluids rich in potassium, an ion that arrests muscle contractions.
		Although coronary bypass surgery is over 95 percent successful, there remain serious side effects and occasional deaths — many resulting not from the surgery itself, but from the heart-lung machine.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-07/uocd-nhb072601.php (777 words)

	CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		One end of this vessel is connected to the aorta-the main blood vessel that the heart pumps blood into and then gives blood to the rest of the body-at the point where it connects to the heart.
		The blood that normally returns to the heart is sent through tubes to an oxygenator (a heart-lung machine) which then pumps the oxygenated blood back through tubes into the aorta.
		The heart itself is bathed in a"cardioplegic solution" to lower its metabolism so it can tolerate not receiving blood during the procedure.
	www.healthyhearts.com /bypass.htm (957 words)

	Off-Pump Bypass Study
		Off-pump coronary heart bypass, which surgeons began performing at Immanuel Medical Center and Bergan Mercy Medical Center five years ago allows the surgeon to operate on the beating heart.
		In traditional coronary heart bypass surgeries the heart is stopped and the patient is kept alive on a heart-lung machine.
		The off-pump technique is considered a revolution in heart surgery because it allows the surgeon to repair blocked vessels on both the front and back surface of the heart without utilizing a heart-lung machine.
	www.alegent.com /body.cfm?id=3589 (374 words)

	Infant heart lung bypass machine - NoBlood
		The console itself (The heart lung machine) is the same for all of these cases, "The Pump" is just a series of roller pumps and possibly a centrifugal pump with bells and whistles on a set of wheels that allow different size disposable tubing's (circuits) to function (circulate) depending on the patient size.
		Some of the most renown heart centers in the world use the same pump consoles on both adults and newborns in the same day in the same room, Its only the disposable "Circuit or Tubing Set" and its holders that is different for these cases necessary to accomplish this goal.
		Having a dedicated heart lung machine for pediatric cases with the specific holders permanently attached that are necessary to mount smaller tubing sets would be a luxury for your perfusionists (not having to change out holders) but not necessarily a necessity.
	www.noblood.org /forum/showthread.php?t=1878 (844 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Heart Bypass Surgery (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery, CABG, Coronary Revascularization, ...
		Heart bypass surgery is an open-heart surgery that is done to reroute or "bypass" blood around clogged arteries.
		Arteries are the tubes in which blood flows to and from the heart.
		Heart bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft surgery or CABG, reroutes the blood around these clogged arteries.
	www.healthopedia.com /heart-bypass-surgery (357 words)

	Fresh Blood Isn't Always Best - Augusta, Georgia
		Heart-lung bypass machines temporarily perform the function of the heart during some heart surgeries, adding oxygen to the blood, circulating the blood and keeping it warm.
		He explained that one of the biggest problems in bypassing the heart is that blood begins to clot as soon as it encounters the bypass machine because it's not human tissue.
		If researchers could come up with a way to line bypass machines or other artificial organs with endothelial tissue, or find ways to better control the reaction of the blood to the artificial surface, "the payoff would be substantial," he said.
	www.universityhealth.org /12074.cfm (913 words)

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