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Topic: Heart sounds

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	Heart Murmurs - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		The sounds are often described as a constant "lub-dub, lub-dub." The first "lub-dub" is the sound of the mitral and tricuspid valves closing.
		In these cases, the sound may indicate that blood is flowing through a damaged or overworked heart valve, that there may be a hole in one of the heart's walls, or that there is a narrowing in one of the heart's vessels.
		Heart murmurs change as your body position or breathing changes, so you may be asked to stand up, squat, lie down, breathe deeply, or hold your breath while the doctor listens to your heart.
	www.texasheartinstitute.org /HIC/Topics/Cond/murmur.cfm (883 words)

	Heart murmurs
		A heart murmur is an abnormal, extra sound during the heartbeat cycle made by blood moving through the heart and its valves.
		A heart which is beating normal makes two sounds, "lubb" when the valves between the atria and ventricles close, and "dupp" when the valves between the ventricles and the major arteries close.
		Innocent heart murmurs are caused by blood flowing through the chambers and valves of the heart or the blood vessels near the heart.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/heart_murmurs.jsp (1045 words)

	Children's Heart Institute \| What is a Heart Murmur?
		A heart murmur is a swishing or a whistling sound that the doctor hears when he listens to your child's heart with a stethoscope.
		A heart murmur may indicate that there is a heart problem or may be due to normal blood flow.
		Heart murmurs come in different sounds which may help indicate whether the murmur is normal or abnormal.
	www.childrenheartinstitute.org /educate/murmur/murmur.htm (255 words)

	CHFpatients.com - Heart Failure FAQ - Heart Sounds, S3, S4
		The sound of the tricuspid valve closing may be louder in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to increased pressure beyond the valve.
		As with S3, the fourth heart sound is thought to be caused by the vibration of valves, supporting structures, and the ventricular walls.
		is a to-and-fro sound that waxes and wanes with diastole and systole.
	www.chfpatients.com /faq/s3s4.htm (1755 words)

	Normal Heart Sounds
		Although the cardiac output for the resting adult heart is ordinarily on the order of 5 to 6 litres per minute, during strenuous exercise the heart may increase its output four or five times.
		In patients with heart disease, scarred or inflamed tissue may lead to a lengthening of the PR interval because more time is required for the depolarisation wave to spread through the atrial myocardium and the AV node.
		All parameters of heart function tend to be reflected in the electrocardiogram.
	www.jdaross.cwc.net /normal_heart_sounds.htm (3930 words)

	Heart sounds - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The heart sounds are the noises (sound) generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it.
		Heart sounds are usually divided into the normal heart sounds and the pathological sounds which indicate disease.
		Heart murmurs are produced as a result of turbulent flow of blood, turbulence sufficient to produce audible noise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heart_sounds (1370 words)

	Heart Sounds Tutor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nurses often auscultate the heart but may have difficulty identifying the sounds they hear. The purpose of this tutor is to describe the basic characteristics of heart sounds and what they represent to cardiac function.
		S1: The S1 sound is normally the first heart sound heard. See the diagram below for the location of S1 during the cardiac cycle. The S1 is best heard in the mitral area, and corresponds to closure of the mitral and tricuspid (AV) valves. A normal S1 is low-pitched and of longer duration than S2.
		Heart sound auscultation is just one part of your assessment. Correlate it with the patient’s clinical condition, and presenting symptoms to best understand what your assessment means for this patient.
	www.ed4nurses.com /heartsnd.htm (408 words)

	Sounds of the Heart
		Normally, the timing between the first heart sound (S1) and a second hard sound (S2) is shorter than the time between the second heart sound and the next first sound.
		The sound of the mitral valve closure normally occurs before the sound of the tricuspid closure.
		The second sound S2 is a sound of the tricuspid valves closing.These sounds are the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
	rnbob.tripod.com /soundsof.htm (655 words)

	Understanding Heart Sounds, Part I \| Arlene Tilson-Chrysler, RN, DC
		The S2 sound can best be auscultated with the diaphragm at the second interspaces or intercostal spaces on the right for the aortic closure and on the left for the pulmonic closure.
		As you can see, sounds originating from the left side of the heart tend to be louder since the pressure tends to be higher on the left.
		This sound is due to the rapid filling of the ventricles and is referred to as the S3 sound or ventricular gallop.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/12/11/02.html (1398 words)

	Blaufuss Multimedia - Heart Sounds and Cardiac Arrhythmias
		Heart Sounds and Murmurs CD-ROM: translated into Spanish and Japanese editions, used in medical schools worldwide, this program is the classic reference for cardiac auscultation.
		Heart Sounds Proficiency Test: this interactive multimedia program has been used to measure auscultation proficiency of physicians and allied health professionals at all levels of training.
		Heart Sounds Quiz: this interactive quiz will test your ability to identify correctly the first and second heart sounds, extra sounds, diastolic and systolic murmurs in recordings of actual patients, using a computer animation of the carotid pulse for timing.
	www.blaufuss.org (341 words)

	Heart Sounds (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Not only had her tremors shifted, I was aware of a greater sense of peace and calm in her heart and body.
		The miracles are incredible for practitioner and family during this sacred transition, as the soft whispers of the harp help to guide and nurture each journeyer along a path of deep and abiding grace.
		With sound, we are often carried to a place beyond our pain, fear, discomfort or illness.
	www.heart-sounds.com.cob-web.org:8888 /heart_sounds.htm (1483 words)

	Heart murmurs - MayoClinic.com
		Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds during your heartbeat — such as whooshing or swishing — made by turbulent blood in or near your heart.
		Heart murmurs can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life.
		A doctor can evaluate heart sounds by listening to your heart with a stethoscope —; and sometimes will have you undergo other tests to help determine the cause.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/heart-murmurs/DS00727 (286 words)

	Heart Sounds
		When you inhaled deeply, receptors in your heart recognized that the blood flow to the heart had increased, and they sent that message to your brain.
		Those are the heart sounds that you hear.
		He is thinking of using signal analysis to study left ventricular assist devices — devices placed in the heart after congestive heart failure which cut down on the energy the heart exerts to pump, allowing it to heal more quickly.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0009/heart.html (716 words)

	Dr. Koop - Heart murmurs and other sounds
		Murmurs are blowing, whooshing, or rasping sounds produced by turbulent blood flow through the heart valves or near the heart.
		The valves are located between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and the major vessels from the heart.
		Because the heart is also divided into a "right side" and a "left side," sometimes these sounds may be somewhat divided -- most commonly noted is a "split S2," caused when the right and left ventricles relax, and valves close at very slightly different times.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/003266.html (453 words)

	heart_sounds
		The first heart sound is mainly caused by oscillation of blood in the ventricular chambers and vibration of the chamber walls.
		The intensity of this sound is a function of the force of ventricular contraction and of the distance between the valve leaflets, being loudest when the leaflets are farthest apart.
		The second sound caused by the closure of the pulmonic valve is heard best in the second thoracic interspace just to the left of the sternum, whereas the that caused by the closure of the aortic valve is heard best in the same intercostal space but to the right of the sternum.
	bme.usc.edu /bme403/Section_3/heart_sounds.html (486 words)

	Heart Murmur \| AHealthyMe.com
		Some heart murmurs are continually present; others happen only when the heart is working harder than usual, including during exercise or certain types of illness.
		Murmurs that are due to severe abnormalities of a heart valve may cause shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pains, palpitations, and lung congestion.
		Severe causes of heart murmurs may progress to severe symptoms and death.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/heartmurmur (1056 words)

	AllRefer Health - Heart Murmurs and Other Sounds (Chest Sounds - Murmurs, Heart Sounds - Abnormal)
		Murmurs are blowing, whooshing, or rasping sounds produced by turbulent blood flow in or near the heart.
		The valves are located between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and the major arteries from the heart.
		Because the heart is also divided into a "right side" and a "left side," sometimes these sounds may be somewhat divided -- most commonly noted is a "split S2," caused when the right and left ventricles contract at very slightly different times.
	health.allrefer.com /health/heart-murmurs-and-other-sounds-info.html (682 words)

	Habits of the Heart: Lessons: Sounds of the Heart
		Students will investigate the sounds of the heart, construct a stethoscope, and investigate the workings of valves.
		When the students listen to the tapping or their heart with the stethoscope, the diaphragm vibrates.
		The vibrating diaphragm causes the air molecules in the stethoscope tubes to vibrate, and the tubes carry the sound vibrations to the listener's ear.
	www.smm.org /heart/lessons/lesson4.htm (349 words)

	CADI: Heart Sounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The human heart is a complex machine, with many parts pushing and pulling, and blood continuously flowing through the heart and great vessels.
		Various heart disease affect these sounds in different ways, which is what makes this a valuable diagnostic technique.
		Many people have slight abnormalities of their heart or great vessels which yield unusual sounds, but they're perfectly healthy.
	people.cs.uchicago.edu /~fensterm/CADI/heart-sounds.html (286 words)

	AccessMedicine - Harrison's Internal Medicine: Heart Sounds
		Topics Discussed: aortic ejection sound; cardiovascular system; ejection sound; first heart sound split; first heart sound, s1; fixed split of second heart sound; fourth heart sound; heart sounds; midsystolic click; opening snap; pericardial knock; reverse split of second heart sound; second heart sound split; second heart sound, s2; systolic ejection sound; third heart sound.
		"The major components of heart sounds are vibrations associated with the abrupt acceleration or deceleration of blood in the cardiovascular system.
		Studies using simultaneous echocardiographic-phonocardiographic recordings indicate that the first and second heart sounds are produced primarily by the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar valves and the events that accompany these closures.
	www.accessmedicine.com /content.aspx?aID=79467 (354 words)

	Habits of the Heart: Lessons: Lub Dub (Valves)
		When the valves between the upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles) close, a "lub" sound is heard.
		When the valves in the pulmonary and aortic arteries leaving the heart close, a "dub" sound is heard followed by a longer pauseLub-DubLub-Dub.
		This 3d tour inside the heart helps the viewer to grasp the concept of the heart's inner workings, as well as providing an excellent internal and external view of the heart.
	www.smm.org /heart/lessons/lesson5.htm (737 words)

	Heart Sounds ~ A Communion of Light and Sound
		Through the vibration of Infinite Love, a personalized session with Eloiwa will open pathways of light expansion, activate "key codes" and release ancient cellular memory, imprints and core beliefs that are blocking or limiting your path to wholeness, peace and freedom.
		Music and Sound is a language that moves beyond words and touches deep within the crevices of our cellular and energy blueprint.
		With sound, we are often carried to a place that transcends the ordinary - allowing us to experience an inner communion of Oneness: a place we know we are infinitely apart of All and Everything.
	www.heart-sounds.com (566 words)

	The Cardiac Exam: Auscultation
		As with palpation of the heart, auscultation should proceed in a logical manner over 4 general areas on the anterior chest, beginning with the patient in the supine position.
		Mitral region (near the apex of the heard between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line) (apex of the heart).
		Depending on the connection you have to the internet, some sounds may take up to 20-30 seconds to load (sound files are 125 kb or less).
	filer.case.edu /~dck3/heart/listen.html (445 words)

	PSTC Paramedic Student - Learning Heart Sounds
		To be able to appreciate and make physical diagnosis from heart sounds it is VERY important that the student paramedic understand the normal sequence of events in the normal heart.
		It is the 2nd largest valve in the heart.
		Heard in the early diastolic period and is normal in children.
	www.monroecc.edu /depts/pstc/backup/parashs.htm (374 words)

	Temple University School of Medicine Office of Public Relations: Repitition Helps Med Students Master Heart Sounds
		A new study in the January issue of the American Journal of Medicine shows that when medical students listened to heart sounds up to 500 times, they significantly honed their ability to identify specific problems such as a heart murmur or heart failure.
		In previous studies, the rate of accurate heart sound identification ranged from 20 percent of medical students to fewer than 40 percent of internists.
		For the study, 80 third-year medical students listened to an average of 500 repetitions each of six abnormal heart sounds (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis and S3 and S4 gallops) that mimicked heart conditions, such as narrowing of the heart valves and heart failure.
	www.temple.edu /medicine/heartsounds.htm (429 words)

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