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Topic: Heart valve

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	Heart Valve Disease - Inova Heart Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In addition to the leaflets, this valve is comprised of relatively undefined valve "ring" (or annulus) that connects the leaflets to the heart, and muscular "chords" that connect the valve leaflets to the heart muscle.
		In addition to the leaflets, this valve is comprised of a valve "ring" (or annulus) that connects the leaflets to the heart, muscular "chords" that connect the valve leaflets to the heart muscle.
		The valve has three cusps, a ring of tissue surrounding the cusps (called the annulus) and structures called the Sinuses of Valsalva, which are pouches between the valve cusps and the wall of the aorta.
	www.inova.org /inovapublic.srt/heart/heart_disease/heart_valves.html (617 words)

	Heart Valve Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Heart valve surgery is used to repair or replace diseased heart valves.
		Mitral Valve Prolapse: a common heart condition in which one or both of the flaps of the mitral valve are bulging or deformed and therefore cannot close properly.
		Heart valve surgery is open-heart surgery that is done while the patient is under general anesthesia.
	www.gulfcoastcardio.com /valve.shtml (462 words)

	Center for Heart Valve Disease - Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Exceptional Care in the Heart of Chicago
		Heart valve disease can occur with any one or a combination of the valves, and it will often lead to heart failure if left untreated.
		Diseases of the mitral or aortic valves (the valves of the left side of the heart) are most common, affecting over 5 percent of the population.
		The Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute of Northwestern Memorial Hospital's Center for Heart Valve Disease is led by Nalini M. Rajamannan, MD, the director of the Center who is known for her research and care of patients with valvular heart disease.
	www.nmh.org /nmh/heart/heartvalvedisease/main.htm (546 words)

	Heart Valve Diseases
		When heart valves fail to open and close properly, the implications for the heart can be serious, possibly hampering the heart's ability to pump blood adequately through the body.
		This disease is characterized by the bulging of one or both of the mitral valve flaps during the contraction of the heart.
		This type of valve disease mainly occurs in the elderly and is characterized by a narrowing of the aortic valve opening, increasing resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_cardiac/disvalve.cfm (1695 words)

	Heart Valves
		The mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.
		The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta.
		A defective heart valve is one that fails to fully open or close.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4598 (369 words)

	Heart Valve Disease
		As the ventricles begin to contract, the pulmonic and aortic valves are forced open and blood is pumped out of the ventricles through the open valves into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs, the aorta, and the body.
		Valves may be the wrong size, have malformed leaflets, or have leaflets that are not attached to the annulus correctly.
		Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a congenital valve disease that affects the aortic valve.
	www.webmd.com /content/pages/9/1675_57850.htm (1796 words)

	BBC News \| G-I \| Heart valve disease
		Heart valve disease usually develops over time, affecting people aged 60 or over, but it can be the result of an infection which "chews up" the valve in a matter of days.
		The condition is often present at birth (congenital heart disease), the child being born with valves made of two parts rather than the usual three.
		If valve disease is found, treatment with drugs - including diuretics, ACE inhibitors and digoxin - may be used to control the problem, or - in severe cases - heart valve replacement may be necessary.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/medical_notes/g-i/764033.stm (461 words)

	Valve Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		This blood is forced through the mitral valve into the lower-left chamber (the left ventricle)—with the mitral valve sealing off to stop the backflow of blood.
		Medicines are given to ease the pain of your symptoms, reduce the workload on your heart, and regulate your heart's rhythm.
		Leading With the Heart are members of the family of trademarks of the Texas Heart Institute.
	texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Cond/valvedis.cfm (1501 words)

	Heart Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement, Mitral Valve Repair - BWH
		Heart valve disease initially may be treated medically but, in most cases, surgery is necessary to repair or replace the damaged valve or valves.
		Mitral valve replacement/repair incisions are performed through a lower mini-sternotomy, in which a 6-8 cm incision is made at the lower end of the sternum upward to the second intercostal space and extending into the interspace on the right.
		All heart valve surgery patients must take antibiotics before certain dental or surgical procedures to help prevent infection of valves, which can occur when bacteria is released into the bloodstream as a result of the procedure.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /patient/cardiac_valve.aspx (3154 words)

	Heart valve disease
		Failure in a valve in the left side of the heart - the aortic or the mitral valve - results in left-sided heart failure.
		Valve diseases of the right side of the heart - the pulmonary and tricuspid valve - are rare but can occur as the result of some forms of congenital heart disease or long-term left-sided heart failure.
		Right-sided heart failure is characterised by fluid accumulation in the body, particularly in the legs, abdominal cavity and the liver.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /diseases/facts/heartvalvedisease.htm (897 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Heart valve disease
		A heart murmur - a sound created by the flow of blood through the heart - can be perfectly normal, but it may be a sign of a problem with one of the heart's valves.
		Each heart valve is a set of flaps or cusps that open or close to control the flow of blood through the heart and its chambers.
		Valves that won't open properly, known as stenosis of the valve, which means blood flow through the valve is limited.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/heartvalve1.shtml (668 words)

	Heart Valve Surgery
		During valve repair, a ring may be sewn around the opening of the valve to tighten it.
		To reach the valve, an incision is made in your heart or aorta.
		If the valve must be replaced, part or all of the damaged valve and its supportive structures may be removed.
	www.cts.usc.edu /hpg-heartvalvesurgery.html (670 words)

	Heart: Heart Valves Information on Medicinenet.com
		If the valve annulus (the ring of tissue supporting the valve) is too wide, it may be reshaped or tightened by stitches or sewing a ring structure to the annulus.
		Aortic Stenosis - Aortic Valve Stenosis is the narrowing (stenosis) of the heart valve between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta.
		Heart Valve Disease - When the hearts valves do not work as they should, the primary diagnosis is valvular heart disease.
	www.medicinenet.com /heart_valve_disease_treatment/article.htm (427 words)

	Types of Heart Valve Surgery at Mayo Clinic
		Many factors help determine the appropriate surgery to treat heart valve disease, including a patient's age and general health, the extent of damage to the valves, the type of valve, and the patient's preference.
		Regurgitation (valve leakage) may be corrected by replacing or shortening the supporting valve structures to allow the valve to close tightly, or by inserting a prosthetic ring to reshape a deformed valve.
		Valve replacement involves removal of the defective valve and replacing it with an artificial (prosthetic) valve by sewing it to the annulus of the natural valve.
	www.mayoclinic.org /heart-valve-surgery/types.html (358 words)

	Heart valve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In anatomy, the heart valves are valves in the heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference in pressure on each side.
		There are four valves of the heart (not counting the valve of the coronary sinus and valve of the inferior vena cava):
		A common complication of rheumatic fever is thickening and stenosis of the mitral valve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heart_valve (697 words)

	Heart1.com - Heart Valve Disease
		Reviewed by Brian R. Robinson, MD Heart valves keep blood flowing through the heart by opening and closing their leaflets, which are attached at the base of the valves.
		The four valves are the pulmonary valve, the aortic valve, the tricuspid valve, and the mitral valve.
		Congenital valve disease may mean that the valves may be the improper size or the leaflets may be malformed.
	www.heart1.com /care/condition20.cfm/18 (691 words)

	Heart Valve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The heart's valves separate the cardiac chambers to keep the blood flowing in a forward direction.
		Heart valve problems usually develop in adulthood as a result of inflammation, infection or age-related changes.
		The aortic valve is required to work much harder than the pulmonic valve and so the moved healthy pulmonic valve now functions as the most important valve in the heart.
	www.temple.edu /heart/html/heart_valve_.html (295 words)

	Introduction: Heart Valve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		In the right ventricle, the inlet valve is the tricuspid valve, which opens from the right atrium, and the outlet valve is the pulmonary (pulmonic) valve, which opens into the pulmonary arteries.
		In the left ventricle, the inlet valve is the mitral valve, which opens from the left atrium, and the outlet valve is the aortic valve, which opens into the aorta.
		In mitral stenosis, the mitral valve opening is narrowed, and blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle during diastole is reduced.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec03/ch028/ch028a.html (349 words)

	Heart Valve Disorders
		Heart valves are one-way doors that open to let blood through and close to keep blood from flowing backward.
		Valves that do not open and close well make it more difficult for blood to flow properly through the heart making the heart pump harder in order to circulate enough blood to the body.
		With a porcine valve, there is the potential for degeneration or calcification of the valve over a long period of time.
	www.torrancememorial.org /carvalve.htm (523 words)

	Heart Valve Disease Treatment
		If the valve annulus (the ring of tissue supporting the valve) is too wide, it may be reshaped or tightened by sewing a ring structure around the annulus.
		During the surgery, the native valve is removed and a new valve is sewn to the annulus of your native valve.
		It is used for select patients who have mitral valve stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve) with symptoms, select older people who have aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve) but are not able to undergo surgery, and some patients with pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonic valve).
	www.webmd.com /content/pages/9/1675_57805.htm (929 words)

	Heart valve surgery
		Natural valves rarely require life-long medication to prevent blood clot formation (anticoagulation), whereas artificial valves will require anticoagulation.
		Valve problems may be caused by infections such as rheumatic fever, birth defects, calcification, or certain medications such as Fen-Phen.
		Defective valves may cause heart failure (congestive heart failure) and infections (infective endocarditis).
	www.stv.org /adam/encyclopedia/ency/article/002954.htm (283 words)

	Heart Valve Research
		Historically, the main activities of the Heart Valve Laboratory have been the study the structure/function relationship of heart valve tissues.
		The expectation is that once the mechanism by which native cardiac valves withstand the more than 2 billion cycles of loading during their natural lifetime without failure is understood, better, more durable artificial valves can be developed.
		Vesely was recruited from the internationally recognized Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio, to The Saban Research Institute, with the expectation of broadening his research activities with the expertise in developmental- and stem cell-biology and computational modeling that exist here in Los Angeles.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /divisions/ct/research-heartvalveresearch.html (317 words)

	Cardiovascular Diseases - Heart Valve Diseases
		As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the valves open and shut, letting blood flow into the ventricles and atria at alternate times.
		The valve(s) opening becomes narrowed or does not form properly, inhibiting the ability of the heart to pump blood to the body due to the increased force required to pump blood through the stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
		This condition is characterized by a pulmonary valve that does not open sufficiently, causing the right ventricle to pump harder.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /healthinfo/adult/cardiac/disvalve.htm (1667 words)

	Learn about heart valve disease treatment options at Mayo Clinic.
		Treatment for heart valve disease depends on the type and severity of the diagnosis.
		Heart surgeons at Mayo Clinic have extensive experience and expertise in repairing and replacing aortic heart valves and have developed innovative surgical techniques.
		There are four heart valves, and treatment varies depending on the valve and the problem with that valve.
	www.mayoclinic.org /heart-valve-disease/index.html (492 words)

	Meriter Health Services - Heart Valve Disease Services
		Heart valve surgery (such as mitral valve surgery and aortic valve surgery) is used to repair or replace diseased heart valves.
		Heart Catheterization - A procedure in which a catheter is passed into the heart chambers and vessels to measure pressures, to determine if blockages exist in the coronary arteries, and to learn how effectively the heart pumps blood.
		A Bentall procedure is a surgical procedure done to replace the aortic valve, aortic root and the entire ascending aorta with a Dacron® graft.
	www.meriter.com /mhs/hospital/heart/deptservs/heart_valve_disease.htm (295 words)

	Heart Valve Surgery
		Your heart valves are doorways that open and close to let blood move between the chambers of your heart.
		Problems with your heart valves can mean that blood doesn't flow through your heart and to your body the way it should.
		Four heart valves act like one way doors to keep blood moving in one direction through the heart.
	www.heartdrs.com /procedure/Heart_Valve_Surgery.htm (1419 words)

	Medtronic provides information about causes and symptoms of heart valve disease
		Heart valve disease is a common condition, affecting hundreds of thousands of individuals.
		Stenosis is a condition that narrows the valve opening and limits blood flow through the heart.
		Other valve diseases may involve damage to the mitral, aortic, pulmonary, or tricuspid heart valves caused by a systemic infection, endocarditis (inflammation of heart tissue), rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart defect.
	www.medtronic.com /cardiac/heartvalves (176 words)

	Heart valve surgery
		The valves control the direction of blood flow through your heart.
		The success rate of heart valve surgery is high.
		The clicking of the mechanical heart valve may be heard in the chest.
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/002954.htm (424 words)

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