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Topic: Heat Wave of 1980

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Heat wave

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	Heat Wave
		When heat gain exceeds the level the body can remove, or when the body cannot compensate for fluids and salt lost through perspiration, the temperature of the body's inner core begins to rise and heat-related illness may develop.
		The stagnant atmospheric conditions of the heat wave trap pollutants in urban areas and add the stresses of severe pollution to the already dangerous stresses of hot weather, creating a health problem of undiscovered dimensions.
		Indications from the 1980 Texas heat wave suggest that some elderly people on fixed incomes, many of them in buildings that could not be ventilated without air conditioning, found the cost too high, turned off their units, and ultimately succumbed to the stresses of heat.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /ssd/html/heatwv.htm (1196 words)

	Bicycle Habitat - Heat Index
		Heat disorders generally have to do with a reduction or collapse of the body's ability to shed heat by circulatory changes and sweating, or a chemical (salt) imbalance caused by too much sweating.
		The stagnant atmospheric conditions of the heat wave trap pollutants in urban areas and add the stresses of severe pollution to the already dangerous stresses of hot weather, creating a health problem of undiscovered dimensions.
		Indications from the 1978 Texas heat wave suggest that some elderly people on fixed incomes, many of them in buildings that could not be ventilated without air conditioning, found the cost too high, turned off their units, and ultimately succumbed to the stresses of heat.
	bicyclehabitat.com /page.cfm?PageID=242 (1301 words)

	Health Warnings - Beat the Heat: ADH Offers Heat Survival Tips
		On average, there are 400 heat-related deaths a year in the U.S. The 1995 heat wave in the Midwest contributed to 716 heat-related deaths in the U.S. that year alone.
		The heat wave of 1980 was an especially hard one for Arkansas-153 heat-related deaths.
		With heat exhaustion, there is interference in the circulation of blood to vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
	www.healthyarkansas.com /warnings/warnings_heat_070501.html (658 words)

	Heat Index: Eyewitness News Storm Team Weather
		Heat disorders generally have to do with a reduction or collapse of the body's ability to shed heat by circulatory changes and sweating, or a chemical (salt) imbalance caused by too much sweating.
		The stagnant atmospheric conditions of the heat wave trap pollutants in urban areas and add the stresses of severe pollution to the already dangerous stresses of hot weather, creating a health problem of undiscovered dimensions.
		Indications from the 1978 Texas heat wave suggest that some elderly people on fixed incomes, many of them in buildings that could not be ventilated without air conditioning, found the cost too high, turned off their units, and ultimately succumbed to the stresses of heat.
	www.wchstv.com /newsroom/wx/heatindex.shtml (1242 words)

	Heat Waves
		Heat Waves are dangerous because heat kills by taxing the human body beyond its abilities.
		A heat advisory is issued when the heat, or combination of heat and humidity, is expected to become an inconvenience for much of the population, and a problem for some.
		An excessive heat warning is issued when the heat, or combination of heat and humidity, is expected to be dangerous for a large portion of the population.
	www.co.pasquotank.nc.us /departments/911/webpage/heatwaves.htm (1113 words)

	Michigan City, Indiana : Online City Hall : Emergency Management Agency
		Human bodies dissipate heat by varying the rate and depth of blood circulation, by losing water through the skin and sweat glands, and - as the fast extremity is reached - by panting, when blood is heated above 98.6 degrees.
		Ranging in severity, heat disorders share one common feature: the individual has overexposed or over exercised for his age and physical condition in the existing thermal environment.
		Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age - heat cramps in a 17-year-old may be heat exhaustion in someone 40, and heat stroke in a person over 60.
	www.emichigancity.com /cityhall/departments/ema/heatwaves.htm (1086 words)

	American Red Cross Press Release: Red Cross Heat Safety Tips Save Lives
		The American Red Cross is urging people to beat the heat by taking steps to protect themselves and their loved ones from extreme temperatures.
		More than 1,250 people died nationwide during the devastating U.S. heat wave of 1980, and 465 heat-related deaths were reported in Chicago during a 16-day period as recently as 1995.
		Heat cramps: Heat cramps are muscular pains and spasms due to heavy exertion.
	www.redcross.org /press/disaster/ds_pr/010801heat.html (953 words)

	NWS Publications: Heat Wave
		Heat disorders generally have to do with a reduction or collapse of the body’s ability to shed heat by circulatory changes and sweating, or a chemical (salt) imbalance caused by too much sweating.
		Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age-heat cramps in a 17-year-old may be heat exhaustion in someone 40, and heat stroke in a person over 60.
		Indications from the 1978 Texas heat wave suggest that some elderly people on fixed incomes, many of them in buildings that could not be ventilated without air conditioning, found the cost too high, turned off their units, and ultimately succumbed to the stresses of heat
	www.nws.noaa.gov /om/brochures/heat_wave.shtml (1522 words)

	Heat Stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The heat wave of 1980 killed more than 1250 people in the United States.
		Heat stress is the effect of heat on the body.
		Many factors contribute to heat stress, but the most important elements influencing heat stress and comfort are temperature and humidity.
	www.edsweather.com /almanac1998/heat_stress.htm (235 words)

	HEAT WAVE A MAJOR SUMMER KILLER
		North America summers in one section are hot; most summers see heat waves in one section or another of the United States.
		Human bodies dissipates heat by varying the rate and dept of blood circulation, by losing water through the skin and sweat glands, and – as the last extremity is reached – by panting, when blood is heated above 98.6 degrees.
		Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age – heat cramps in a 17-year-old may be heat exhaustion in someone 40, and heat stroke in a person over 60.
	www.ohsep.louisiana.gov /factsheets/HEATWAVE.htm (1075 words)

	Heat Index
		Human bodies dissipate heat by varying the rate and depth of blood circulation, by losing water through the skin and sweat glands, and - as the last extremity is reached - by panting, when blood is heated above 98.6 degrees.
		The evaporation process itself works this way: the heat energy requiblue to evaporate the sweat is extracted from the body, thereby cooling it.
		Heat disorders generally have to do with a blueuction or collapse of the body's ability to shed heat by circulatory changes and sweating, or a chemical (salt) imbalance caused by too much sweating.
	www.windingwayweather.com /weather/heatindex.html (701 words)

	New EPA Standard Includes Heat Stress Management
		Heat stress can be a severe problem for agricultural workers, especially those who need to wear protective gear.
		Heat stress can cause weakness, fatigue, reduced alertness, and impaired judgment and may be an underlying cause of other types of illness and injury on the job.
		If the heat stroke victim is a pesticide handler or early entry worker, possible contamination needs to be considered but it is important to not delay treatment in any case.
	are.berkeley.edu /heat/epastandi.html (789 words)

	NOAA Magazine Online (Story 208)
		East of the Rockies, heat waves tend to combine both high temperature and high humidity, although some of the worst heat waves have been catastrophically dry (as was experienced in California this summer).
		This is one reason that early season heat waves are associated with higher mortality — because people within the city population acclimate to the heat as the hot season continues.
		"Heat waves often turn fatal when the nighttime temperature doesn't drop very much from a high daytime temperature," said Jim Hoke, director of the NOAA Hydrometeorological Prediction Center in Camp Springs, Md., where the Mean Heat Index originates.
	www.magazine.noaa.gov /stories/mag208.htm (2196 words)

	Dangers of Heat Stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prickly heat occurs in skin that is persistently wetted by unevaporated sweat, and heat rash papules may become infected if they are not treated.
		Considering the dangers associated with heat not only from natural sources like the sun but also from artificial sources like manufacturing both OSHA and the National Weather Service have stepped up their efforts to alert the general public and employers more effectively.
		The heat index, given in degrees Fahrenheit, is an accurate measure of how hot it really feels when the relative humidity is added to the actual air temperature.
	www.miracool.com /miracool/hwave.html (747 words)

	Heat Wave
		Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat-related illness that can develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and inadequate or unbalanced replacement of fluids.
		Heat cramps are muscle pains or spasms — usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs — that may occur in association with strenuous activity.
		Heat rash is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot, humid weather.
	www.disastersrus.org /emtools/Heatwave/heatwave.htm (2116 words)

	Droughts and Heat Waves — Infoplease.com
		The horrors of North Korea.(floods, drought, and a heat wave have brought famine to North Korea, and an appeal for international assistance......
		Heat wave: global warming is more than a threat.
		Heat wave: if we continue to ignore the danger signs, the world of the future will be a hotter, poorer, deadlier place; here's what......
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0886145.html (523 words)

	CLIMATE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
		It is estimated that 1,327 fatalities occurred in the United States as a result of the 1980 heat wave; the number occurring in Missouri alone accounted for over 25% of the total.
		In that study, as shown in Figures V-5 and V-6, he found that emergency room hospital visits and admissions appear to be correlated with the 1980 heat wave in Tennessee.
		During extreme heat episodes, heat stroke risk is increased as demonstrated by the 1980 heat wave in St. Louis, which resulted in a ten-fold increase in total deaths (Figure V-7).
	www.ciesin.org /docs/001-338/001-338.html (7312 words)

	1980 United States heat wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1980 United States heat wave is among the most devastating natural disasters in terms of deaths and destruction in U.S. history.
		The heat wave claimed anywhere between 1,250 and 10,000 lives.
		In the summer of 1980 in Dallas, there were 29 days that either tied or broke records for those respective dates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heat_Wave_of_1980 (345 words)

	Too many heat-related deaths according to activists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All of the deaths were caused by hypothermia (or heat stroke), according to the medical examiners’ office.
		The last time the city had a heat wave that killed so many people was in 1999, when 32 died.
		In 1995, 700 people died from heat related circumstances in Chicago, Illinois.” In response to that heat wave, the city initiated its Extreme Weather Operations Plan.
	www.finalcall.com /artman/publish/printer_2859.shtml (735 words)

	CNN - No relief from heat; Northeast next? - July 20, 1998
		In fact, the heat index -- a measure that combines temperature and humidity to determine what the air feels like -- was expected to hit triple digits from one coast to the other.
		The punishing heat has already claimed 79 lives in Texas, including 43 illegal immigrants trying to cross the border from Mexico.
		Heat advisories were in effect along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina north to New York.
	www.cnn.com /WEATHER/9807/20/heat.wave.01/index.html (817 words)

	Weather Research Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An excessive heat advisory is in effect for Southeast Texas through Thursday and forecasted high temperatures should be at 96 F or higher through the weekend.
		The heat wave of 1980 ranks as one of the most significant events to affect the area.
		Heat waves are subjective from region to region and are classified as a period of abnormally hot and uncomfortable conditions.
	www.wxresearch.org /press/heat2003.htm (497 words)

	Heat Disorders
		As noted in the National Weather Service's Heat Wave data, (see tables below) people are at risk for heat problems whether they are on the flight line, in their aircraft, or at home in the city.
		Heat related problems can be as deadly to a pilot as the lack of oxygen.
		The seriousness of the danger heat poses for people is noted by the National Weather Service's Heat Wave statistic that in a normal year, about 175 Americans die as a result of summer heat.
	www.iflyamerica.org /heatdisorders.asp (375 words)

	OMEGA ENGINEERING - Heatwave
		As an example, if the air temperature is 95°F (found on the left side of the table) and the RH is 55% (found at the top of the table), the HI - or how hot it really feels - is 110°F. This is at the intersection of the 95° row and the 55% column.
		The "Heat Index vs. Heat Disorder" table (next to the HI chart) relates ranges of HI with specific disorders, particularly for people in higher risk groups.
		Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age heat cramps in a 17-year old may be heat exhaustion in someone 40, and heat stroke in a person over 60.
	www.omega.com /techref/heatwave.html (953 words)

	HEAT WAVE A MAJOR SUMMER KILLER
		No one can know how many more deaths are advanced by heat wave weather – how many disease or aging hearts surrender that under better conditions would have continued functioning.
		Human bodies dissipates heat by varying the rate and dept of blood circulation, by losing water through the skin and sweat glands, and – as the last extremity is reached – by panting, when blood is heated above 98.6 degrees.
		Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age – heat cramps in a 17-year-old may be heat exhaustion in someone 40, and heat stroke in a person over 60.
	www.loep.state.la.us /factsheets/HEATWAVE.htm (1075 words)

	WIStv.com Columbia, SC: Heat Wave
		Heat wave: Prolonged period of excessive heat and humidity.
		Although heat cramps are the least severe, they are an early signal that the body is having trouble with the heat.
		Heat exhaustion: Heat exhaustion typically occurs when people exercise heavily or work in a hot, humid place where body fluids are lost through heavy sweating.
	wistv.com /Global/story.asp?S=4500613 (1312 words)

	CDC Extreme Heat \| Bibliography
		Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago.
		The effete in the Heat: Heat-related hospital presentations during a ten-day heat wave.
		Heat stroke: its clinical and pathological presentation, with particular attention to the liver.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /disasters/extremeheat/bibliography.asp (1468 words)

	heat waves
		The expected severity of the heat determines whether advisories or warnings are issued.
		A common guideline for the issuance of excessive heat alerts is when the maximum daytime HI is expected to equal or exceed 105°F and a nighttime minimum HI of 80°F or above for two or more consecutive days.
		Excessive heat alert thresholds are being tailored at major metropolitan centers based on research results that link unusual amounts of heat-related deaths to city-specific meteorological conditions.
	www.hprcc.unl.edu /nebraska/heatwave.html (1654 words)

	Summer Swelter: Red Cross Urges Heat Safety
		August 1, 2001 — Summer heat waves have taken a toll across the United States in recent weeks — and there are many more days of sweltering conditions ahead.
		During a summer heat wave, American Red Cross workers in Chicago load water bottles onto a truck for distribution in the city.
		The heat index is a measure of how hot it feels outside when the actual temperature is compounded by high humidity.
	www.redcross.org /news/ds/features/010801heatsafety.html (802 words)

	National Weather Service - NWS Sacramento
		In 1900, A.T. Burrows defined a heat wave as three or more consecutive days where the maximum shade temperature reached or exceeded 90 F. This definition stands today for many locales, but not for the interior of Northern California.
		The local definition for this unusual event is three or more consecutive days where the shade temperature reaches or exceeds 100 F (105 F for the Redding area).
		Heat kills by taxing the human body beyond its abilities.In a normal year, about 175 Americans succumb to the demands of summer heat.
	www.wrh.noaa.gov /sto/heatwave.php (283 words)

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