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Topic: Heavy fuel oil

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	Marine boilers Heavy Fuel Oil system
		The Fuel Oil header should be a standing up relatively large pipe with a deaeration pipe to a higher level than the fuel oil service tanks; some times it's connected to the top of the diesel oil service tank.
		The fuel oil heater is a heat exchanger that must have a safety relief valve.
		On smaller boilers the fuel oil flow control valve often is connected to the combustion air damper by means of a metal rod or wire.
	www.steamesteem.com /boilers_fuel_oil.html (623 words)

	Fuel oil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue.
		Distillate fuel oils are distilled from crude oil.
		Fuel oil is transported by using barges and pipelines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fuel_oil (1506 words)

	Heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion equipment - Patent 5816790
		A heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion apparatus comprising:
		Moreover, in the heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion equipment according to the present invention, as the heavy oil separated of components of a low boiling point (water and a portion of light oil) is supplied to the burner of the combustion furnace, a vapor lock on the atomizing temperature condition of heavy oil (around 200.degree.
		A portion of the vapor of the water and the light oil obtained at the water vaporizer 120 is used as a fuel atomizing steam 9 for the boiler 10 and the remaining portion becomes liquid by heat exchange with the heavy oil emulsified fuel 405 and is sent to the oily water separator 150.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5816790.html (5304 words)

	www.environment.fi - The impacts of oil on the marine environment
		Oil spills can have very wide-ranging impacts on the marine environment and human activities – reducing the scope for recreational activities and tourism at sea or along the coast, harming fish farms and sea fisheries, and limiting the use of sea water in industrial processes.
		Oil pollution prevention is further hampered by the intricate shape of the coastline with its many islands and narrow channels, as well as by darkness and cold and icy conditions in the winter.
		Heavy fuel oil is fl; and since it is very viscose in cold conditions, but runny when warm, it is usually warmed for transportation and storage.
	www.ymparisto.fi /?node=16515&lan=en (1584 words)

	Heavy Oil Storage Tank Fuel Oil Tank Heavy Oil Heavy Oil Storage Tank Fuel Oil Tank Heavy Oil
		Heavy fuel oil (HFO) as fuel for marine diesel engines is a residual oil from the distillation of petroleum.
		After all components were extracted from the crude oil, which is converted to fuel oil or gasoline, heavy oil remains as remnant of the distillate.
		In order to keep it pumpable, heavy oil must be warmed up to 50 to 60 °C. For injection into the engine combustion chamber it must be heated to 130 to 140 °C. To the boiler enterprise on steam ships or steam engines similar values apply.
	www.tank-system.com /basis_heavy_oil_storage_tank_fuel_oil_tank_heavy_oil/heavy_oil_storage_tank_fuel_oil_tank_heavy_oil.php (1245 words)

	OGEB/EICB - A Review of International Initiatives to Accelerate the Reduction of Sulphur in Light and Heavy Fuel Oil
		Excise taxes on light and heavy fuel oil as a form of revenue generation are common in OECD countries while taxes specifically to accelerate the reduction of sulphur levels are less so.
		Market penetration was quick for both lower sulphur fuel oils: the sulphur content of light fuel oil was reduced from 0.2% to 0.05% within a few weeks of the tax's introduction and the sulphur content of heavy fuel oil was reduced from 0.2% to 0.05% within a year of its introduction in 1996.
		For example, in Sweden a by-product from the manufacture of low-sulphur heavy fuel oils is a residual oil with a high sulphur content, which is often exported to countries with lower environmental standards.
	www.ec.gc.ca /cleanair-airpur/CAOL/OGEB/fuels/reports/sulph_red_fuel/foe_execsum_e.htm (1716 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Heavy, or residual, fuel oil is used for thermal heating, in power generation facilities, and as fuel for ships.
		According to KEDO officials, the heavy fuel oil is being stored in a large number of storage tanks and excavated open storage pits at the delivery ports and at the plants where the heavy fuel oil is being consumed.
		Furthermore, monitoring equipment is not installed on the numerous railcars and pipelines used to transport the heavy fuel oil from the delivery ports to storage and from storage to the plants where the heavy fuel oil is to be consumed.
	www.nautilus.org /archives/pub/ftp/napsnet/gaoreports/rc99276.txt (6199 words)

	BR&E - Technical Papers - Copyright 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These fuel oils were analyzed in an attempt to predict future potential incompatibility problems and to investigate the known case of incompatibility.
		Since heavy fuel oils contain a very large number of different hydrocarbon compounds, their composition is generally specified in terms of three main classes: paraffinic, aromatic and napthenic.
		When fuel oils with a significant asphaltene content are mixed with oils of primarily paraffinic content, the asphaltenes might precipitate.
	www.bre.com /technicalpapers/technicalpaper.asp?articlenumber=33 (2377 words)

	2.0 What is heavy fuel oil? - Reducing Sulphur Emissions from Heavy Fuel Oil Use - Ecological Fiscal Reform Case Study ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		HFO is a low-grade fuel primarily used in industrial boilers and other direct source heating applications (i.e., blast furnaces).
		HFO is the least expensive of the refined oil fuels and can only be used by facilities that have preheating capabilities.
		HFO is typically high in sulphur and other impurities that are released into the air when the fuel is burned.
	www.nrtee-trnee.ca /eng/programs/Current_Programs/EFR-Energy/Case_Studies/EFR_Case-Studies-HeavyFuel_2_E.htm (177 words)

	Carbonex: Heavy fuel oil additive
		Fuel oil can be dosed with Carbonex HFO in several ways, depending on available pumping equipment and configuration of the fuel handling system.
		While bunkering, Carbonex HFO can be metered into the fuel oil line with a dosing pump system, before the manifold, to treat the entire fuel supply in all storage tanks.
		For standard grades of marine residual fuel oils, the recommended dosage rate of Carbonex HFO is 1:5000, or 1 liter per 5 tonnes of fuel.
	www.combust.com /adding.html (358 words)

	OGEB/EICB - Low Sulphur Fuel Oils Preliminary Estimated Costs to Canadian Industry based on European Data
		Preliminary "high-level" cost estimates to implement measures to reduce sulphur in fuel oils to European levels in Canada are in the range of CAN$123 to 321 million per year, or a unit cost of 1.2 to 3.2 cents per litre.
		Converted using the Canadian annual consumption of LFO and HFO for 2001 of 13,215 million litres divided by the consumption of LFO and HFO in the U.K. In 1998, the estimated consumption of fuel oil (both LFO and HFO) in U.K. was 17,182 kt or 17,361 million litres.
		The LFO consumption is estimated from the distillate fuel oil consumption (source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. DOE, www.eia.doe.gov.) minus the diesel fuel used for road transport, railways and water transport (source: U.K. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, www.transtat.dtlr.gov.uk).
	www.ec.gc.ca /cleanair-airpur/CAOL/OGEB/fuels/reports/cnslt_rpts/low_sulphur/low_sul_2002_e.htm (2683 words)

	End in Sight for Single hull Oil Tankers
		The "Prestige," a 26 year old single hull oil tanker carrying 77,000 metric tons of heavy fuel oil, sank off the coast of Spain on November 19 creating an oil slick along the coastline of the Spanish state of Galicia which has caused a major economic and environmental disaster.
		Five weeks later, with the sunken tanker still leaking tons of oil each day from the ocean floor, the relief team is working 12 hours a day, seven days a week, cleaning and caring for oiled birds caught in the slicks.
		Given its relatively low commercial value and low risk of fire or explosion, heavy fuel is regularly carried in older single-hull tankers.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-01.asp (779 words)

	Fuel Flexibility
		In 1972 production of DH was based almost solely on heavy fuel oil, and obtained partly from combined heat and power (CHP) plants (25%) and partly from heatonly plants (72%), with the remaining 3% coming from incineration plants.
		After the oil supply crisis in 1973/74 a rapid readjustment took place and the oil was replaced by coal in both CHP and DH plants.
		This is primarily due to price conditions as the difference between fuel oil and heavy fuel oil has narrowed sufficiently to make it difficult for a heavy fueloilfired DH plant to compete with Individual oil heaters.
	www.energy.rochester.edu /dk/dea/DH/fuel.htm (1737 words)

	Heavy Fuel Oil, Tank Heavy Oil, Tank Fuel Oil Heavy
		The Krampitz fuel oil tank system originates from our line BASIS® - the multi-functional storage tank system of the logistics 21.
		In the example illustration an isolated tank module is to be seen for the compact storage from fuel oil to.
		Marine Fuel, Marine Fuels, Aviation Fuel, Jet Fuel Marine
	www.heavy-fuel-oil.de (1491 words)

	3rd R&D Forum on High-density oil spill response
		Heavy fuel oils tend to be less toxic than crude oils and some other refined products — but strong adhesive properties and persistence may have greater impact on mammals and seabirds.
		Spilled oil is heavy (high specific gravity) — tends to float low in the water — this can make recovery using skimmers difficult (whereas skimmers may be more effective for “lighter” oils).
		The precise properties of the particular heavy fuel oil spilled, as well as prevailing weather conditions, may have a significant impact on choice of response/clean-up operations as well as on the ultimate success or otherwise of the clean-up operation.
	www.imo.org /Environment/mainframe.asp?topic_id=345 (1217 words)

	CNN.com - Crippled fuel oil tanker sinks - Nov. 20, 2002
		A crippled tanker carrying more than 19.6 million gallons of heavy fuel oil has sunk 130 miles off Spain's northwest coast, leaving Spanish authorities scrambling to protect the coastline in a region where fishing is the primary industry.
		A fuel slick resembling fl slime 70 miles long and 5 miles wide was moving onto the Spanish coast.
		The tanker had already leaked viscous oil into the rich fishing grounds off the coast, and regional authorities temporarily banned fishing in an area famous for its shellfish, octopus and crabs.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/11/19/spain.oil/index.html (792 words)

	4.0 Why is it important to address sulphur levels in heavy fuel oil? - Reducing Sulphur Emissions from Heavy Fuel Oil ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Therefore, reducing sulphur emissions from HFO use reduces the release of pollutants into the air and benefits the environment and public health.
		On the contrary, trends suggest that the sulphur content of HFO produced in and imported into Canada is increasing.
		The trend toward higher-sulphur HFO could increase over time as other jurisdictions (e.g., the EU) move to lower the sulphur content of the fuels they use, resulting in increased export of their higher-sulphur HFO.
	www.nrtee-trnee.ca /eng/programs/Current_Programs/EFR-Energy/Case_Studies/EFR_Case-Studies-HeavyFuel_4_E.htm (299 words)

	Heavy fuel oil spills off New York Harbor - Boston.com
		Up to 30,700 gallons of heavy fuel oil spilled into a waterway off New York Harbor on Monday while the cargo was being transferred from a barge to a Chevron plant, authorities said.
		PERTH AMBOY, N.J. Up to 30,700 gallons of heavy fuel oil spilled into a waterway off New York Harbor on Monday while the cargo was being transferred from a barge to a Chevron plant, authorities said.
		The oil escaped during a transfer of about 1.5 million gallons of oil from a barge, the Coast Guard said.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2006/02/13/heavy_fuel_oil_spills_off_new_york_harbor (181 words)

	General Accounting Office Report
		The alternative energy is in the form of 500,000 metric tons of heavy, or residual, fuel oil delivered annually.\4 This type of oil is used for thermal heating, in power generation facilities, and as fuel for ships.
		Similarly, monitoring equipment is not installed on the numerous railcars and pipelines used to transport the heavy fuel oil from the delivery ports to storage and from storage to the plants where the heavy fuel oil is to be consumed.
		KEDO is thus unable to track the heavy fuel oil from the time it is unloaded from delivery vessels at the North Korean ports to the time it passes through the flow meters at the plants where it is eventually consumed.
	www.fas.org /spp/starwars/gao/rced-00-020.htm (2836 words)

	Paxman History Pages - Paxman Heavy-Fuel-Oil Engines
		Nevertheless it was his patent (No 7164) of 1890 which described the principles of compressing the charge air in the cylinder before the introduction of fuel, and timed injection of a liquid fuel by means of a pump (i.e.
		Fuel oil was injected into each cylinder with compressed air, at around 800 to 1,000 psi, from an air bottle or receiver.
		A metered quantity of fuel was delivered by a governed pump at about 10/15 psi to a chamber on the cylinder head, where it was totally confined and only subjected to pressure immediately prior to injection.
	www.nelmes.fsnet.co.uk /paxman/pax-hfoe.htm (7300 words)

	Petroleum products - Neste Oil Com
		Light fuel oil is a convenient heating fuel used to heat homes and buildings, and in industry, agriculture and ships.
		Liquid gas is the most volatile constituent of crude oil and is separated from the rest of the crude oil early in the distillation process.
		Base oils are typical mineral oils made from crude oil and synthetic or fully synthetic fluids made using a chemical process of synthesis.
	www.nesteoil.com /?path=1,41,539,1155,1156 (558 words)

	CEI Products (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pre-heater heats heavy fuel oil as it is used by a heavy fuel oil burner.
		Heats heavy fuel oil as it is needed by a heavy fuel oil burner.
		The pre-heater increases the heavy fuel oil temperature 100 degrees at a rate of either 700 GPM or 1000 GPM depending on the model.
	www.ceienterprises.com /products/default.htm (934 words)

	Chemical process engineering - Ques: recommended density for heavy oil
		I am currently solving a problem where i am pumping heavy oil from a vented to atmosphere storage tank, through a heat exchanger and along mild steel pipe to furnace where it is then atomised.
		When you say heavy oil, is this fuel oil or do you actually mean heavy fuel oil.
		Fuel oil can be close to the density of water at 60F, you then need to correct that for your operating temperature.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=79884 (699 words)

	Turbiscan Heavy Fuel measures fuel oil stability: News from Formulaction
		The instrument complies with the ASTM D7061-04 for measuring heavy fuel oil stability.
		Reduction in the quality of crude oil throughout the world, due to diminishing resources and increasing refinery efficiency, have led to a deterioration in heavy fuel oil quality.
		Extraction sites, refineries and heavy fuel oil users (marine companies and electrical power plants) are therefore obligated to systematically test the heavy fuel oil stability in order to improve efficiency of their processes.
	www.processingtalk.com /news/fou/fou100.html (492 words)

	24/12/2002 -- End in Sight for Single hull Oil Tankers
		BRUSSELS, Belgium, December 20, 2002 (ENS) - No single-hull oil tanker will be allowed to carry heavy fuel oil in the European Union once the proposal presented today by the European Commission is adopted by the Council and Parliament.
		Heavy grades of oil include heavy fuel oil, heavy crude oil, waste oils, bitumen and tar.
		Due to its low volatility and high viscosity heavy fuel oil can inflict the most severe damage on marine and coastal ecosystems.
	www.climateark.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=18871 (814 words)

	Planet Ark : Spain, Portugal order oil tanker out to sea
		The 17-year-old Moskoviskiy Festival, carrying 25,000 tonnes of fuel oil, was intercepted on Saturday by the Spanish Navy and on Sunday by its Portuguese equivalent and ordered away from their respective coastlines and into international waters, said a spokesman for London-based Novoship UK, which manages the vessel.
		Portugal and Italy also adopted the policy, which means they may perform spot checks on single-hull heavy fuel transporters older than 15-years and expel dangerous ships from their exclusive economic zones, which stretch 200 miles out to sea.
		Industry sources say low-value highly-polluting heavy fuel oil, which is burned in some power generators and used as marine fuel, is usually transported in older, cheaper vessels which are more vulnerable to accidents than newer double-hull ships.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/18880/story.htm (800 words)

	Industrial Engine engineering - Heavy Fuel oil turbines?
		A couple of years back I advised on a viscometer for the heavy fuel oil heater control for a high speed ferry that was going to switch to IF30 (30cSt at 50[deg]C) for its turbines.
		The metals in heavy fuels cause corrosion in the hot section of the gas turbine.
		Heavy oils from different oil fields have different amounts of vanadium.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=116715&page=1 (436 words)

	Hot Oil Heaters \| Asphalt Tanks \| Fuel Tank \| Fuel Preheater \| Asphalt Plant Equipment \| Heatec
		For preheating heavy fuel to lower its viscosity so it can be atomized by a burner.
		Stores heavy fuel oil and pre-heats the fuel on the run as it is burned by a fuel oil burner.
		They are used for asphalt cement, hot oil and fuel.
	www.heatec.com /products_asphalt/default.htm (352 words)

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