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Topic: Heavy metal chemistry

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	Heavy metals - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to one definition, the heavy metals are a group of elements between copper and lead on the periodic table of the elements -- having atomic weights between 63.546 and 200.590 and specific gravities greater than 4.0.
		Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no known vital or beneficial effect on organisms, and their accumulation over time in the bodies of mammals can cause serious illness.
		the actinides such as uranium and plutonium, are not excluded from the heavy metals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heavy_metal_(chemistry) (258 words)

	ipedia.com: Heavy metal music Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Whereas a painting is experienced visually, a symphony experience audibly, a heavy metal band's "image" and the common theme that binds all their music is expressed in the artwork on the album, the set of the stage, the tone of the lyrics, in addition to the sound of the music.
		Glitter rock, a short-lived era in the mid-1970s, is the extreme exploration of the fantasy-side of the reality-fantasy parents of heavy metal.
		Heavy metal also had an important influence on grunge which, like punk, was partly a reaction to the perceived slickness and corporate nature of much rock music.
	www.ipedia.com /heavy_metal_music.html (3481 words)

	WPI Chemistry and Biochemistry - Program Information
		Chemistry is concerned with the structure and transformations of matter, the design and synthesis of new substances, and the potential applications of these substances.
		Chemistry is a fundamental science concerned with discovering new knowledge about the structure, properties, and reactivities of existing forms of matter; and with the creation of new forms of matter by manipulating atoms and molecules in the laboratory.
		Chemistry provides an exceptionally good background for a wide variety of careers not traditionally associated with chemistry, but in which the expertise and thinking patterns of the chemist may be applicable.
	www.wpi.edu /Academics/Depts/Chemistry/Undergraduate/program.html (2787 words)

	JCE 1997 (74) 1374 [Nov] What Is a "Heavy Metal"?
		The metals that I have seen referred to as heavy metals comprise a block of all the metals in Groups 3 to 16 that are in periods 4 and greater.
		These acquired the name heavy metals because they all have high densities, but the usefulness of the term is related to their chemistry, not their density.
		It is not necessary to decide whether semimetals should be included as heavy metals, which is fortunate, since it is unlikely that any decision would be generally agreeable.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /Journal/Issues/1997/Nov/abs1374.html (502 words)

	Heavy Metal Toxicity
		Heavy metal overload in the walls of coronary arteries seems to decrease levels of nitric oxide, a compound known as "Endothelial Relaxing Factor,"--without this substance normal blood flow is impeded therefore increasing the risk of vascular blockages.
		Heavy metal overload in the adrenal glands reduce the production of hormones, which cause early aging, stress, decreased sex drive and aggravation of menopausal symptoms.
		Metallic mercury is used to produce chlorine gas and caustic soda and also in thermometers, amalgams (dental fillings), and batteries.
	tuberose.com /Heavy_Metal_Toxicity.html (10365 words)

	Is Silver a Heavy Metal? \| Silver: A Transition Element \| Heavy Metals Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heavy metals were redefined based on a gram atomic weight, and also by the atomic number on the periodic table (with many variations in "opinion" of the starting number).
		However, it is clear that this definition of "heavy metal" may not in any way be related with suspected toxicity, but has meaning only pertaining to specific chemical properties.
		The term heavy metal is not truly a scientific term, and there has never been consensus on the meaning of this term in the scientific community.
	www.silvermedicine.org /silver-heavy-metal.html (823 words)

	Heavy Metal Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term heavy metal testing is historically used to describe elements such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and chromium.
		In general, all of the heavy metals in inorganic form cause GI irritation, resulting in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
		However, before any testing for heavy metal is ordered, a detailed medical history of the patient must be obtained, including a careful documentation of occupational and avocational exposure to these toxins.
	www.cignamedicare.com /partb/lmrp_lcd/art/id/2001-005.html (552 words)

	Heavy Metal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cyanide and heavy metals removal from wastewater streams are only a few of the extremely important fields required to insure the protection of global bio diversity through responsible environmental management.
		The main problems associated with this process are that hydroxides of different metals have different pH levels for minimum solubility (see Figure 1 at right), and the reactions are of an equilibrium type, i.e., some of the metal hydroxide will disassociate with the resulting metal ions going back into solution.
		Soluble metals can also be removed by precipitating them as a sulfide by the addition of sodium sulfide to the solution.
	www.actglobal.net /wastewat.htm (1795 words)

	Heavy Metal Poisoning
		It is a fact that metal implants in the body (as, for example, in bone pinning or plates) may be associated with adjacent cancers, caused by irritation of the tissues.
		The critical factor determining whether or not heavy metals are retained in the body is biochemical balance at the time of exposure (and during the period after accumulation).
		Having no recourse against the heavy metals, the body is forced to store them away in its vital tissues, where, over time, they can do their insidious work, contributing to all manner of degenerative processes.
	www.alternative-doctor.com /anti-ageing/heavy_metal.html (2397 words)

	Heavy metal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		heavy metals, in chemistry, are chemical elements of a particular range of atomic weights
		Heavy Metal is an American fantasy magazine, based on the French magazine Métal Hurlant
		Heavy Metal is a 1981 animated film based on the magazine
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Heavy_metal (171 words)

	Metal-Organic Chemistry of Heavy Transition Metals: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The increasing interest in the development of chemistry of early transition metals with alkoxide and phenoxide ligands is prompted by their significance in organometallic chemistry and catalysis.
		The project is aimed at elaboration of efficient synthetic routes to metal-organic derivatives of heavy transition metals.
		The reaction of metal alkoxides with phenols is a practical approach to the corresponding metal phenoxides.
	users.utu.fi /arileh (208 words)

	Department of Chemistry
		This course will be an introduction to the field of inorganic chemistry with emphasis on classical coordination chemistry, solid state chemistry, the periodic relationships of the elements, the origin of the elements, and the chemistry of hydrogen and oxygen.
		Organic Chemistry introduces students to the chemistry of carbon compounds, including nomenclature, the influence of structure on physical/chemical properties, reaction mechanisms, stereochemistry, conformational analysis, synthesis and characteristic reactions of different organic compounds.
		Acid-Base and Donor-Acceptor Chemistry and the descriptive chemistry of the main group elements will be followed by an in-depth survey of organometallic chemistry.The continued application of physical methods of structure determination of inorganic compounds by magnetic and spectral techniques including magnetic susceptibility, UV/VIS and IR spectroscopies and NMR spectrometry will be presented throughout the course.
	www.elon.edu /academics/chemistry/cour.asp (1108 words)

	SOSC 628 Soil Chemistry
		A good knowledge of soil chemistry is essential for our understanding of both plant nutrition and the fate of contaminants in the soil environment.
		This paper aims to provide a detailed examination of several key aspects of soil chemistry that are not covered in other soil science papers, or are dealt with only at a superficial level.
		Soil chemistry is ideal for students interested in a detailed understanding of the soil.
	www.lincoln.ac.nz /spes/subjinfo/sosc628.htm (262 words)

	UCR Department of Chemistry
		We are studying the solution chemistry of peptides and proteins by state-of-the-art liquid phase 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including their microscopic acid/base and thiol/disulfide chemistry and their secondary structure in solution.
		We are studying the complexation of heavy metal ions, including mercury, cadmium lead and zinc, by peptides, including a family of peptides, the phytochelatins, that are produced by plants to sequester heavy metals.
		Spain, S.M.; Rabenstein, D.L. “Characterization of the Acid/Base and Redox Chemistry of Phytochelatin Analogue Peptides”, Analytical Chemistry, 2003, 75, 3712-3719.
	www.chem.ucr.edu /faculty/rabenstein/rabenstein.html (777 words)

	’Heavy metal’ snow on blazing Venus is lead sulfide
		That’s because recent thermodynamic calculations by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis provide plausible evidence that "heavy metal snow," which blankets the surface of upper altitude Venusian rocks, is composed of both lead and bismuth sulfides.
		Discovery of the metallic snow dates back to 1995, when Raymond E. Arvidson, Ph.D., chair of the Washington University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, and other researchers were analyzing the vast archives of data taken from NASA’s Magellan Mission to Venus in 1989.
		But even as the hypothesis of metallic snow was circulating throughout the planetary community, its chemical composition remained largely an educated guess, - one among many on the short-list of 98 possible metal-containing compounds that commonly exist around volcanic vents on Earth.
	www.innovations-report.com /html/reports/physics_astronomy/report-25614.html (1127 words)

	SFSU Bulletin 97/98 - Chemistry and Biochemistry
		Additionally, the B.A. in Chemistry may be combined with a minor in engineering, business, social sciences, the humanities, or the arts to provide the student with a unique synthesis of experience applicable to careers in patent law, management, sales, marketing, chemical engineering, regulatory affairs, technical writing, scientific journalism, library science, environmental protection, and art restoration.
		The Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, which is approved by the American Chemical Society, prepares the student to pursue a career in chemically-oriented industry or to begin graduate study in chemistry and other molecular sciences.
		Chemistry and Biochemistry faculty members are actively involved in research, and many undergraduate students work on research projects during their senior year, working closely with their faculty research adviser.
	www.sfsu.edu /~bulletin/noindex/9798/programs/chemist.htm (1710 words)

	Free: chemistry in the news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		2004#Chemistry of the number, Chemistry chemistry in the news Ionization in the Institute body chemistry is designed chemistry in the news dynasty wines and molecular by K.P. Huber, chemistry in the news and other chemistry quiz Spectracompiled week.
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	chemistry.free-finding.com /chemistry-in-the-news.html (976 words)

	Student Activity: Detecting Heavy Metal Ion Concentrations in Shellfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Designed for first year general chemistry courses, this experiment may be completed when presenting topics such as solution chemistry or oxidation-reduction behavior of metal ions.
		Metal ions, particularly, are subtle toxins as they are not visbile and do not usually cause acute reactions as do bacterial and viral agents.
		Such metals as lead, nickel, and chromium may be concentrated by shellfish and, if ingested in high dosages, cause various symptoms and complaints, even resulting in death.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/chemistry/1989/49heavy-metal.html (1110 words)

	Chemistry
		To qualify for full admission, applicants are expected to have the equivalent of an American Chemical Society-approved bachelor's degree in chemistry, which includes coursework in general chemistry, analytical chemistry, one year of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and one year of physical chemistry requiring calculus and physics as prerequisites.
		Applicants are expected to have undergraduate coursework in general chemistry and organic chemistry.
		The chemistry and molecular architecture of bile (cholic) acids, tetracyclic triterpenoids, and benzenoids; synthesis of nanotubes made of cholic acid scaffolding and the analysis of benzenoid hydrocarbon free-radicals and p -electronic systems containing heteroatoms.
	www.umkc.edu /iphd/chemistry.html (890 words)

	Tyler Environmental Prize
		Clair C. Patterson, Professor of Geochemistry at the California Institute of Technology, is honored for his study of the chemistry of natural lead in the environment and for his investigation of the environmental contamination resulting from human activities.
		These bones had approximately the same amount of the metal barium (an element chemically similar to lead, but not widely used in industrial processes) as did modern remains, but carried far less lead (one seventh to one twelfth).
		He received his bachelor's degree in physical chemistry from Grinnell in 1943 (where he met and married his wife, Loma); his M.S. in the same subject from the University of Iowa in 1944, and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1951
	www.usc.edu /admin/provost/tylerprize/patterson (876 words)

	Chemistry International
		Even the term "metal" is commonly misused in both toxicological literature and in legislation to mean the pure metal and all the chemical species in which it may exist.
		This usage implies that the pure metal and all its compounds have the same physiochemical, biological, and toxicological properties, which is untrue.
		In order to avoid the use of the term "heavy metal," a new classification based on the periodic table is needed.
	www.iupac.org /publications/ci/2002/2405/pac_7405x0793.html (258 words)

	Heavy Metal Toxicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mercury is also released in the form of metallic ions being found in saliva, enamel, gingiva, dentin, oral pulp, etc. Some animal experiments indicate a direct transport of mercury through peripheral nerves to the central nervous system.
		Abnormally-situated nutritional metals, which speed free radical damage, and toxic metals, such as lead, are most easily removed by EDTA.
		The body’s regulation of calcium and cholesterol is improved by normalizing the internal chemistry of cells.
	www.autism-whispering.org /heavy_metal_toxicity.htm (5171 words)

	Dept. of Chemistry & Chemical Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Interests:Polymer and material science; modification of surface chemistry; understanding free volume of materials; transportation of gases and liquids; membrane cell adhesion studies; course and program development.
		Interests:Inorganic and analytical chemistry; metal chelates of biologically active molecules; gold and transition metal nanoparticles; fabrication of metal sensors using polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays (PCCA); photoelectroanalytical chemistry (PEAC); artificial receptors in solid-phase micro extractions; homogeneous catalysis using tetranuclear copper catalysts as a copper-protein model compound.
		Interests:Transport and fate of air pollutants; physical and chemical characteristics of cloud droplets; drinking water quality; kinetics of nitrate formation during breakpoint chlorination of ammonia containing water/wastewater; kinetics of Bromate decomposition during UV irradiation of drinking water; removal of organic/inorganic contaminants from water by advanced oxidation technologies; course and program development.
	www.bcc.cuny.edu /chemistry?page=FacultyStaff (324 words)

	Free: chemistry terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
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	chemistry.free-finding.com /chemistry-terms.html (757 words)

	Active Skim View of: References
		Co-recycling of sewage sludge and fly ash: heavy metal uptake by crops.
		Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals studied by analysis of moss samples using neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy.
		Ecological consequences of acidic and heavy metal discharger from Sudbury smelters.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=POD205&chap=47-64 (312 words)

	Heavy metal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(Click link for more info and facts about Heavy metal music) Heavy metal music is a genre of music.
		Heavy Metal is a series of (A game played against a computer) video games.
		(A metal of relatively high density (specific gravity greater than about 5) or of high relative atomic weight) Heavy Metal is a book about Operation Iraqi Freedom.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/he/heavy_metal.htm (68 words)

	List of chemistry topics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This page aims to list articles related to chemistry.
		This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related Changes in the sidebar and on the bottom of the page.
		Quantitative analysis — quantum chemistry — Quartz — Quartzite —
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_chemistry_topics (296 words)

	Heavy Metal Toxicity - References : Online Reference For Health Concerns
		Cha, C.W. A study on the effect of garlic to the heavy metal poisoning of rat.
		Heavy Metal Poisoning 2001 Nov. Wassau, WI: Medical Library/Thomson.
		Lorico, A., Bertola, A., Baum, C., Fodstad, O., Rappa, G. Role of the Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 in protection from heavy metal oxyanions: investigations in vitro and in MRP1-deficient mice.
	www.lef.org /protocols/prtcl-156refs.html (1985 words)

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