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Topic: Heavy rail

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	Rail transport - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient means of mechanised land transport known.
		Rail transport is also one of the safest modes of transport, and also makes a highly efficient use of space: a double tracked rail line can carry more passengers or freight in a given amount of time than a four-laned road.
		In the late 18th century iron rails began to appear: British civil engineer William Jessop designed edge rails to be used with flanged wheels for use on a scheme in Loughborough, Leicestershire (in 1789 and subsequently opened an iron-works to produce more rails).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Railway (1477 words)

	Commuter Rail
		Heavy rail is what many people think of when they hear the term "rail transit": municipal rapid transit service using electric trainsets operating over dedicated rights-of-way that are (for the most part) completely grade-seperated and designed for high passenger volumes.
		Commuter rail is primarily oriented toward commuter service to outer suburban regions, and as a result is typically longer-range than most light and heavy rail transit lines.
		The term "regional rail" is now replacing the term "commuter rail" in some quarters, since the term "regional rail" better describes the longer-range nature of this mode (and, after all, light and heavy rail are also aimed primarily at commuters).
	www.ggw.org /rrtc/info/commrail.html (854 words)

	Heavy rail - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance and high speed passenger trains.
		Heavy rail is almost always built on its own dedicated right of way and is separate from road traffic.
		This distinguishes it from light rail which is built to lightweight construction, carries lightweight trains or trams and which is usually intended for passenger traffic only, usually around cities.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /heavy_rail.htm (302 words)

	Commuter Rail Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Commuter rail between city centers and suburbs often serves two goals: One is to alleviate road congestion into the city center by getting people into trains and the other is to bring urban residents to the abundance of suburban jobs.
		Heavy rail is a high-speed passenger rail car (subway or elevated) driven by electric power from an overhead line or a third rail like light rail.
		Heavy rail is used in areas like the East Coast for inter regional transit.
	www.marc.org /transportation/commuterrailrailoverview.htm (362 words)

	Comparison of 'Rail' transit modes
		Commuter rail is the oldest of all railway passenger transit modes, but presently exists only in corridors with substantial concentrations of passenger-trip origins in the outlying suburban areas of a corridor with destinations in the central business district of the corridor.
		Like light rail, heavy rail systems are intended to accommodate all types and iengths of passenger trips within the most densely developed portions of metropolitan areas during weekday peak travel periods, as well as during midday and evening off-peak travel periods and on weekends.
		While commuter rail, light rail, and heavy rail trains may be expected to have maximum operating speeds of between 50 and 79 miles per hour, high-speed intercitytrains may be envisioned as operating at maximum speeds of anywhere from 125 to 250 miles per hour.
	www.trainweb.org /kenrail/Rail_mode_defined.html (1894 words)

	Heavy rail should not be taken lightly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		But if light rail is abandoned, or even postponed for several years, the regional high-speed transit burden could quickly shift to commuter rail.
		Commuter rail is one of the transit elements approved by voters in 1996 as part of the "Sound Move" proposal.
		And if light rail is not built or is delayed even longer, commuter rail should command a dramatically greater role in moving people through the region.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /opinion/29318_transpo5.shtml (987 words)

	RPPI Policy Study 244 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Drivers support for rail transit is based on a hope that other drivers will use rail transit and open up the road; in fact, the majority of rail riders are taken out of buses, not cars.
		The Reality: Although funds requested for rail transit often must be spent for that purpose, localities may seek funds for a variety of purposes and have considerable discretion over how local transportation funds are spent.
		Support for rail voiced by drivers is based on a hope that others will use rail transit and open up the road, and in fact rail riders are taken out of buses, not cars.
	www.rppi.org /ps244.html (7758 words)

	Red Bull Heavy Metal Plays Closing Set
		The Heavy Metal has been on tour for three years, but Big Bear, California's Hana Beaman was the only woman ever to compete (Portland, 2003) until this year's SLC event.
		The Red Bull Heavy Metal is a best-trick contest; riders session two different Zones, with a winner emerging from each section at the end of the night.
		She was the only woman to attempt it, and her airtime won her the Zone 2 honors as well as a check for a grand.
	www.sgmag.com /snow/heavy_metal_04_coverage (426 words)

	The Regional Economist
		Proponents of light rail argue that rail transit increases community well-being by creating jobs, boosting economic development and property values, and reducing pollution and traffic congestion—all while providing drivers with an economical alternative to the automobile.
		To permanently reduce traffic congestion, policies must be enacted that force each driver to bear the full cost of his or her automobile usage rather than constructing costly public projects that only add to the overall inefficiency of a city’s transportation system.
		Even if these benefits are exaggerated and the taxpayer realizes the cost-ineffectiveness of light rail, it is probably not worth the $6 for that person to spend significant time lobbying against light rail.
	www.stlouisfed.org /publications/re/2004/c/pages/light_rail.html (1525 words)

	Heavy Rail Transit \| Portland Cement Association (PCA)
		In contrast to light rail transit, heavy rail transit predominates in cities with large population densities and demand for central business district destinations or other ridership generators such as airports.
		Over the years, since the first rail transit system was constructed in New York City, rail development has been pursued to promote growth and development in specific community areas, control growth patterns, support system-wide accessibility goals, and meet environmental and quality of life goals.
		Rail transit is but one part of the balanced transportation equation.
	www.cement.org /transit/tr_transit_heavyrail.asp (349 words)

	Heavy Rail
		Heavy rail refers to traditional high platform subway and elevated rapid transit lines.
		Principal characteristics are operation over rights of way that are completely segregated from other uses, with the track placed in subway tunnels, on elevated structures, or on fenced surface rights of way, free of grade crossings with roads.
		Heavy rail systems are extremely expensive to build due to the need to build tunnels, elevated structures, or other fully segregated rights of way and to accommodate more gentle curves and grades than are needed for light rail or streetcars.
	www.heritagetrolley.org /defHeavyRail.htm (235 words)

	USATODAY.com - Mass transit could save business travelers big bucks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Unlike commuter rail, which feeds suburban passengers into one or two stations in a central business district, heavy rail has many inner-city stations and usually operates on rights-of-way that exclude other vehicles and pedestrians.
		The most extensive heavy rail network is in New York, which has three systems.
		Rail experts say heavy-rail systems have made substantial improvements to make them more consumer friendly in recent years.
	www.usatoday.com /money/biztravel/2004-12-27-subway-usat_x.htm?csp=34 (1007 words)

	Rail Transit in Cleveland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Heavy rail and light rail service frequency in the metropolitan area
		Most of the construction activity in the next few years will be related to the renovation and reconstruction of heavy rail.
		An extensive network of regional rail is planed for the metropolitan area, but its possible realization is a matter of distant future.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~yopopov/rrt/us/cleveland/main.html (215 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Increase of flange pressure on the rail and its wear rate in passing through small-radius curves is shown to be associated with the bogie's forced shifting of the bogie from chord position into skewed one.
		Damage to the rail is principally a result of wear; rolling contact fatigue; other types of fatigue defects; corrugation; plastic flow and head crushing; martensitic layers, particularly from wheelbums; and batter ofjoints and welds.
		As a result of adoption of a complex set of measures to reduce wheel and rail wear, the acuteness of the problem was reduced in 1996 and in 1997 wear indices came closer to the normative values which provided for the opportunity to increase service life of wheels and rails by 2-3 times.
	www.heavyhaulrail.com /proceedings/proceeding99.html (9858 words)

	Live from the Third Rail
		Some local groups in New Orleans and Baton Rouge are working with FEMA to try and set up rail service between the two cities for commuting workers.
		So the MTA is looking at a light rail line shifted a bit south on some railroad right-of-way, in some not quite so densely populated neighborhoods.
		We will have to wait until the EIS is finished to see which one is selected, but it would be a shame for the growing areas of the Hudson Valley to not have some transit options along this heavily traveled east-west corridor.
	thirdrail.smorgasblog.com (1805 words)

	LA Heavy Rail Transit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Dr. Schimpeler has directed work in a wide range of activities including rail and bus planning, ridership forecasting, environmental analysis and documentation, development of private/public partnerships (through Benefit Assessment Districts), land use planning and public involvement.
		Dr. Schimpeler prepared design drawings for the maintenance of traffic during the various phases of the construction involving the removal of the street surfaces, the installation of timber decking and the final reconstruction of the street.
		Because this rail tunnel and these rail stations were built in the heart of the Los Angeles commercial district, vehicular and pedestrian traffic had to be maintained at all times.
	www.ace-plc.com /LA_Heavy_Transit.htm (333 words)

	Online TDM Encyclopedia - Public Transit Improvements
		Heavy rail (relatively large, higher-speed trains, with infrequent stops, providing service between communities).
		Comprehensive improvements, such as light rail or Bus Rapid Transit systems, can provide large increases in transit use and attract large numbers of discretionary riders who would otherwise travel by automobile.
		For example, commuter rail improvements tend to benefit suburban residents, local bus service improvements tend to benefit urban residents, and special mobility services tend to benefit people with special transportation needs.
	www.vtpi.org /tdm/tdm47.htm (2675 words)

	Monorail vs. Other
		On the other hand, when heavy rail is elevated, the guideway casts a wide shadow and blocks out much more of the sky.
		Proponents of Light Rail will tell you that overhead rail is ugly, but they don't mention that Light Rail requires a spiderweb of overhead wires with support posts.
		While light rail proponents say it's easy to put in rail on the surface, the reality is that businesses always fail along the route.
	www.monorails.org /tMspages/MonoVs.html (843 words)

	Annotated Bibliography on Railroad Land Grants by George Draffan, www.landgrant.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		(Rail replacement to reduce derailments that spill corn which ferments and intoxicates bears; nine bears had been killed on or near tracks in the past five years).
		Harris, Robert G. Rationalizing the rail freight industry: a case study in institutional failure and proposals for reform.
		Rail land grants liquidated at last: Ickes approves release by the Northern Pacific of 4,500,000 acres in the West; 90-year system is ended; recoveries under 1940 law now have reached a total of about 8,000,000 acres.
	www.landgrant.org /biblio.html (13100 words)

	New Page 1
		Dependences of rail service life on steel cleanliness, macro and microstructure, which are determined by peculiarities of the technology of rail manufacture, are analyzed.
		By: Tony Vickers, QR Summary: In the increasingly de-regulated and competitive commercial environment within which today's rail industry is required to operate, the effective use and timely dissemination of accurate operational information to the appropriate operational personnel and to management plays an important role in determining the competitiveness of a particular organisation in the industry.
		The Council's goal is to optimize rail safety worldwide by accelerating the development of improved rail flaw detection systems and decision criteria for detected defects and their implementation in the rail community.
	www.ihha.net /proceedings/proceeding01.htm (7011 words)

	Railway Age: NYCTA loss bring national heavy-rail ridership down - New York City Transit Authority loses 21.7 million ...
		In this year's first quarter, the nation's heavy rail (rapid transit) ridership dropped 4.07% from first quarter 1995, a loss of 21 million passenger trips.
		It was MTA New York City Transit's loss of 21.7 million riders during the quarter--presumably due to a 20% fare increase that went into effect last November--that caused the national figure to go into the minus column.
		Sixteen commuter rail operations reported a ridership increase of 0.13%, to 84.7 million.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1215/is_n8_v197/ai_18624839 (290 words)

	Transit - Heavy Rail - F.E. Jordan Associates, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jordan Associates' participation included development of operating criteria and preliminary design specifications for the system's yards and shops, development of a document control plan, participation in the configuration control and alternative activities, and development of a system-wide maintenance plan, which is utilized to project operational and maintenance costs.
		This heavy rail transit extension to BARTD is a five-mile extension from the existing Fremont station to a new Warm Springs Station through the new Irvington Station on Washington Street.
		The deep cut was necessary to bring together Union Pacific and Southern Pacific Rail lines with BARTD for a joint underpass at-grade separation at Washington Street/Irvington Station.
	www.fejordan.com /transit/thrl.html (1630 words)

	rail
		The Draft Environmental Impact Statement submitted by Caltrans to the federal government says that Amtrak trains are too heavy to be accommodated by a bridge design that, according to its engineers, is rewriting the standards of earthquake safety with the latest high-tech innovations.
		If high-speed rail comes to California, a rail line may be needed across the bridge to connect the Transbay Terminal to the existing Union Pacific Rail Line in the East Bay.
		Advances in rail technology have allowed intercity rail systems in Europe and Japan to attain speeds of up to 200 mph and to compete effectively with air travel for trips in the 200- to 500-mile range.
	www.oaklandbridge.com /rail.html (3202 words)

	UTU: News
		Whatever the vernacular, relatively few business travelers follow the lead of local residents and use big cities' heavy rail systems, according to the USA Today.
		William Middleton, author of Metropolitan Railways, says perceived complexity is a major problem for public transit systems.
		There are other benefits of using heavy rail, says Clifton Hood, author of 722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York.
	www.utu.org /worksite/detail_news.cfm?ArticleID=18526 (939 words)

	Federal GAO Report Shows: It's BRT (and Heavy Rail) With the Big Cost Overruns, Not Light Rail!8859-1">
		A frequent canard repeated by light rail opponents is the accusation that light rail transit (LRT) projects routinely experience severe cost overruns.
		The result is a potent scare tactic to alarm the public and turn voters away from light rail.
		Salt Lake City's new start light rail transit system was one of all 7 LRT projects which GAO found to be within budget.
	www.lightrailnow.org /facts/fa_00018.htm (915 words)

	International Railway Journal: Can Heavy Haul rail free up Europe's highways? Despite some impressive evidence from ...
		There was a declining trend in traditional heavy haul traffic but growth in the transport of high-volume retail and consumer goods.
		The aim was to have a life-cycle cost-optimised technology using 60kg/m rail and the newly-developed B01 sleeper for 30-tonne axleloads, which will be tested later this year.
		Measures to increase the competitiveness of rail were certainly needed and while HAL did not figure specifically in current initiatives, it could be an option for a freight priority corridor or a core network with freight priority.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_4_43/ai_100754962 (1287 words)

	COST Transport: Completed Actions: Passengers’ Accessibility of Heavy Rail Systems
		Secondary objectives include the raising of awareness among train operators of the actual and potential size of the market for rail travel among disabled and elderly people, and giving them a clear indication of the wide range of issues involved in realising that market potential.
		Rail travel, both local and long distance, is an obvious field in which compatibility between methods of access is required.
		The social information may be used by governments or local authorities to define and implement policies for improved accessibility to rail services.
	www.cordis.lu /cost-transport/src/cost-335.htm (801 words)

	Miami-Dade County Heavy Rail Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Dr. Schimpeler also prepared the Environmental Impact Statement for the Stage 1 Rail Rapid Transit System.
		Preparation of this document involved environmental assessment activities, including monitoring and modeling of air pollution, assessment of noise and visual impacts, and consideration of the effects of secondary development associated with the transit system.
		Schimpeler had continuing responsibility for the preparation of Supplemental Environmental Impact Analyses as final design and construction progressed.
	www.ace-plc.com /Miami_Transit.htm (124 words)

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