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Topic: Hebraism

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	Culture and Anarchy - Chapter IV (by Matthew Arnold)
		It was Christianity; that is to say, Hebraism aiming at self-conquest and rescue from the thrall of vile affections, not by obedience to the letter of a law, but by conformity to the image of a self-sacrificing example.
		But meanwhile, by alternations of Hebraism and Hellenism, of man’s intellectual and moral impulses, of the effort to see things as they really are, and the effort to win peace by self-conquest, the human spirit proceeds, and each of these two forces has its appointed hours of culmination and seasons of rule.
		It was a reaction of Hebraism against Hellenism; and it powerfully manifested itself, as was natural, in a people with much of what we call a Hebraising turn, with a signal affinity for the bent which was the master-bent of Hebrew life.
	www.authorama.com /culture-and-anarchy-6.html (3329 words)

	Matthew Arnold's "Hebraism and Hellenism" from Culture and Anarchy (selections)
		The final aim of both Hellenism and Hebraism, as of all great spiritual disciplines, is not doubt the same: man’s perfection or salvation.
		So long as we do not forget that both Hellenism and Hebraism are profound and admirable manifestations of man’s life, tendencies, and powers, and that both of them aim at a like final result….
		But their methods are so different they lay stress on such different points, and call into being by their respective disciplines such different activities, that the face which human nature presents when it passes from the hands of one of them to those of the other, is no longer the same.
	www.wsu.edu /~campbelld/engl381/hebraism.htm (699 words)

	Hebraic Political Studies
		Hebraic texts were frequently consulted and cited between the first and seventeenth centuries by major political theorists and leaders who interacted with Jewish scholarship, contemporary and historical, in developing their own political doctrines.
		The decline of Hebraism, following the prominence of the "Republic of the Hebrews" so widely employed by early modern political theorists, begs to be considered as caused not only by the rational rejection of religion but, as well, by the rejection of historical models and ancient wisdom.
		The 2006 conference on political Hebraism invites proposals that reevaluate ideas of political import in the Jewish tradition itself or the ways this tradition was borrowed from and appropriated by political thinkers throughout the history of ideas.
	www.hpstudies.org /conferences/2006/callfor.asp (433 words)

	Hebraism and Hellenism
		Zechariah says, "has raised up thy sons, O Zion, against thy sons, O Greece!" The difference whether it is by doing or by knowing that we set most store, and the practical consequences which follow from this difference, leave their mark on all the history of our race and of its development.
		But their methods are so different, they lay stress on such different points, and call into being by their respective disciplines such different activities, that the face which human nature presents when it passes from the hands of one of them to those of the other, is no longer the [150/151] same.
		And the Hebraism which thus received and ruled a world all gone out of the way and altogether become unprofitable, was, and could not but be, the later, the more spiritual, the more attractive development of Hebraism.
	www.victorianweb.org /authors/arnold/writings/4.html (3340 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hebraism can be defined as “strictness of conscience.” The Hebraic view is that man is most happy when there is a clear set of rules to follow.
		Hebraism is closely related to Freud’s super-ego, and Hebraic concepts revolve around order and practicality.
		In Fight Club, both Hebraism and Hellenism are represented in their extremes, the results of which are explored.
	www4.ncsu.edu /~weflower/work/hellenism.doc (895 words)

	Nextbook
		Many major thinkers in the 17th century considered the ancient Hebrew polity to be the first community that exercised the rule of law as an overarching principle of government.
		Hebraism became a central part of late humanist scholarship.
		Political Hebraism, which I am interested in, was a natural outgrowth: The Bible had so much to offer political theorists by way of social and political experience.
	www.nextbook.org /features/feature_ozsalzberger.html (1497 words)

	Spiritual History 101: How Did We Get to the Edge? by Peter Kreeft
		For Hebraism, faith (fidelity) is first; virtue, second; and knowledge, third in importance.
		Thus Jesus gives the perfectly Hebraic answer to the question: "How can we know your teaching, whether it is from God or not?" when he says: "If your will were to do the will of my Father, you would know my teaching, that it comes from him" (Jn 7:17).
		Hebraism and Hellenism, heart and head, will and reason, are still separated.
	www.peterkreeft.com /topics-more/spiritual-history-101.htm (2489 words)

	UTEL: Culture and Anarchy
		That partaking of the divine life, which both Hellenism and Hebraism, as we have said, fix as their crowning aim, Plato expressly denies to the man of practical virtue merely, of self-conquest with any other motive than that of perfect intellectual vision.
		But the evolution of these forces, separately and in themselves, is not the whole evolution of humanity,--their single history is not the whole history of man; whereas their admirers are always apt to make it stand for the whole history.
		Hellenism is of Indo-European growth, Hebraism is of Semitic growth; and we English, a nation of Indo-European stock, seem to belong naturally to the movement of Hellenism.
	www.library.utoronto.ca /utel/nonfiction_u/arnoldm_ca/ca_ch4.html (2797 words)

	TNN Online: FAQ - I
		However, simply because there are Hebraisms in the Gospels or the Apostolic Scriptures does not prove that they were originally written in Hebrew.
		It proves that they have an Hebraic background, and that one must be familiar with the history of Biblical times in examining the text.
		In determining whether or not something is truly an Hebraism in the Gospels, we must consider a broad base of information, including similar expressions used in the Hebrew Bible, First Century Rabbinic literature, as well as credible scholastic support.
	www.tnnonline.net /faq/i.html (2839 words)

	Culture and Anarchy - Chapter V (by Matthew Arnold)
		That is to say, we are to join Hebraism, strictness of the moral conscience, and manful walking by the best light we have, together with Hellenism, inculcate both, and rehearse the praises of both.
		He is, I say, a victim of Hebraism, of the tendency to cultivate strictness of conscience rather than spontaneity of consciousness.
		Christianity, as has been said, occupied itself, like Hebraism, with the moral side of man exclusively, with his moral affections and moral conduct; and so far it was but a continuation of Hebraism.
	www.authorama.com /culture-and-anarchy-7.html (3643 words)

	jacobowitz04
		At the peak of this dialectical system are the overarching cultural principles of Hellenism and Hebraism, which he defines respectively as "the spontaneity of conscious" and "strictness of conscience" (132).
		For Arnold, an excess of Hebraism which entered English society through Puritanism was responsible for the harmful proliferation of a social machinery which may have made the nation strong, but neglected the spiritual growth of its people.
		In Weber's Hebraism, however, the Jew is familiarly marked as a financial parasite preying upon honest, hardworking Christians, and can therefore be pared away from the world-historical advance of Protestant modernity: "The Jew stood on the side of the politically and speculatively oriented adventurous capitalism; their ethos was, in a word, that of pariah-capitalism.
	clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu /clcweb04-4/jacobowitz04.html (5730 words)

	Introduction
		Christian Hebraism was an offshoot of Renaissance humanism whose devotees--biblical scholars, theologians, lawyers, physicians, scientists, philosophers, and teachers in Latin schools--borrowed and adapted texts, literary forms, and ideas from Jewish scholarship and tradition to meet Christian cultural and religious needs.
		The understanding of Judaism held by the authors of these works is not always entirely accurate, and frequently they were involved in controversies that either baffle or infuriate contemporary readers, yet some of their work has stood the test of time.
		Christian Hebraism in its day mediated Jewish thought to the majority of western thinkers who could not read Hebrew and contributed to the emergence of several modern scholarly disciplines including cultural anthropology, comparative religion, and Jewish studies.
	www.library.upenn.edu /exhibits/cajs/exhibit/intro.html (367 words)

	Exposition of the Divine Principle
		The Abel-type movement began as a revival of the Hebraic heritage of Israel and the early Christian Church.
		Had the popes and emperors who were responsible for restoring the foundation of faith in the Carolingian period not become faithless, the foundation for the Second Advent of the Messiah would have been established at that time.
		Let us now examine the ideological trends behind the demise of absolute monarchy with reference to the providence of restoration, which was headed toward the rise of the communist world based on the Cain-type view of life and the democratic world based on the Abel-type view of life.
	www.unification.org /ucbooks/expodp/edp-preparation.html (12880 words)

	[No title]
		Now the triumph of Hebraism over Hellenism by the conversion of the ancient world to Christianity is not seen by Arnold, the humanist sympathetic to Christianity, as being a bad thing, as being merely the enchainment of the human mind, as many secularists like to portray it.
		Christian culture has been built, almost from the very first, on a double foundation, that of both Hebraism and Hellenism, to use Matthew Arnold's terms; and it was precisely the development of Greek culture toward certain religious and philosophical ideas which made this possible.
		It is a genuine synthesis of the Christian and the Platonic traditions, and one which in spite of Harnack's criticism, is in entire agreement with the spirit of St. Paul himself." Progress and Religion (1929) pp.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/HELLHUM.TXT (2702 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The trends of Hebraism and Hellenism had formed long ago and had encountered each other several times in the course of prior history.
		Hebraism then would have assimilated Hellenism to form one worldwide Hebraic civilization.
		As medieval people were prompted by their original nature to pursue internal values, a movement arose to revive Hebraism which bore fruit in the Protestant Reformation.
	www.ettl.co.at /unification/dp96/dp96-2-5.html (12614 words)

	Greenblatt
		"Jewish mind" was the country-cousin of Arnold's "Hebraism," the term used in Culture and Anarchy to characterize the side of the human spirit that stresses strictness of conscience, obedience to inflexible moral law, and puritanical discipline in the service of self-conquest.
		Set against "Hellenism," the rival pursuit of a clear-eyed, harmonious vision of beauty, Hebraism was not for Arnold a description of actual Jews, nor was it meant to be derogatory.
		Having eagerly divested itself of the resources of both Hebraism and Hellenism, it finds itself staring blankly into the face of an insurgent fin de siècle philistinism, entrenched in national power, and a world-wide drift toward anarchy that, for reasons at once psychological and historical, now seems to me more terrifying than alluring.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/6-1/html/greenblatt.html (6038 words)

	Hebraic Political Studies
		Our conference aims to bring together scholars from around the world who are interested in political Hebraism and related fields, to create a learning community and promote the study of this field.
		Approaches to the topic of political Hebraism may be historical, literary, philosophical, theological, critical, religious, cultural, or sociopolitical.
		Although the focus is on early modernity, papers discussing the prelude to this period, or the impact of early modern political Hebraism on thought and action in later periods, will also be considered.
	www.hpstudies.org /conferences/2004/callfor.asp (250 words)

	Hebraism and Hellenism reconsidered Judaism - Find Articles
		That Jews in antiquity were already conscious of the similarity and contrast with Greek paganism is suggested in the comparison of the Passover Seder with Greek symposia, such as are described in works by Plato, Xenophon, "Aristeas," Plutarch, Athenaeus, Lucian, and Macrobius.
		In his famous essay "Hebraism and Hellenism," published in 1869 in his volume Culture and Anarchy, Matthew Arnold found that Hebraism (which he identified with ascetic Christianity) and Hellenism have been passing each other through the ages like buckets in a well.
		Arnold, in his essay, contrasts Hebraism, which, he says, stands for conduct and obedience, that is, strictness of conscience and, above all, a consciousness of sin, with Hellenism, whose uppermost thought is to see things as they really are and to think right, that is, spontaneity of consciousness.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0411/is_n2_v43/ai_15524303/pg_13 (642 words)

	Anti-Jewish Interpretations of Psalm 1 in Luther and in Modern German Protestantism
		In this model, a natural religiousness and spirituality, as well as a living, prophetic piety of the Word, are granted to Hebraism but to Judaism only an arid legalism and a lifeless piety of the letter of the law.
		The contrast between Hebraism and Judaism that we observed frequently in the preceding discussion emerges in a new version shifted to a later point in time: Weiser sets the teachers of wisdom, in whose ranks he presumes the authors of the Psalms belong, over against the Pharisees.
		The terms Hebraism (or Hebrews) and Judaism (or Jews) function in two way in de Wette: In his early writings, Hebraism or Judaism is synonymous with the Old Covenant or Old Testament religion and designates a lower religio-historical level compared with the New Covenant or New Testament religion.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/Articles/article8.htm (6179 words)

	Victorian Studies--Arnoldian Ethnology
		Hebraism thus appears to be a learned perspective rather than a racial inheritance, a perspective that in its unhealthy or extreme forms turns moral rectitude and practical efficacy into ends in themselves.
		But the thesis that Arnold's Hebraism represents a relatively smooth continuum of transmitted religious and moral tradition from Judaism to Christianity, as implied by Trilling, Stocking, Gossman, and many others, does not at all contradict the notion that for Arnold the English and Jews represent quite distinct innate racial aptitudes.
		Hebraism cannot in practice be divorced from the opposed racial bases, Semitic and Indo-European, that give it its peculiar complexions and limitations; neither, finally, can Hellenism, composed as it is of Indo-European tendencies lacking in the Semitic peoples.
	iupjournals.org /victorian/vic41-3pec.html (6799 words)

	God's Sacred Tongue: Hebrew and the American Imagination, by Shalom L. Goldman. Chapter 1. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is, in effect, the earliest chapter in our history of American Hebraism, a Hebraism shaped within the context of the European history of ideas.
		Like Christian Hebraism with which it is sometimes conflated, this theory had little or no relationship to the Jews of its time.
		In the endeavor of sola scriptura, as in the earlier study of Hebrew in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, England was to move to the forefront of Christian Hebraism.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/goldman_gods.html (5777 words)

	Renaissance Humanism and Christian Hebraism
		Nowhere was the contact between Jewish and Christian learning more evident than in the art of printing in the 16th century, when great Renaissance printers of classical texts - Estienne in Paris, Plantin in Antwerp, and Froben in Basel - ventured into Hebrew typography, often assisted by Jewish craftsmen and typesetters.
		More than simply a Hebrew grammar, this miscellany of Hebraic learning includes one of the first musical transcriptions (running from right to left) of the biblical cantillation, a discussion of Yiddish orthography, and the book of Jonah in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin.
		Maimonides' "Thirteen Principles of the Faith," included in his mishnaic commentary, were originally written in Arabic.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /6/6/s6-214-e.html (471 words)

	Untitled New Page
		One gets the impression that were it not for the shining example of a self-effacing, righteous father, Goldstein's Hebraism might well have wound up in the same place, replaced by a brilliantly shining Hellenism.
		Rather, she constantly alludes to the polarity between Hellenism and Hebraism, between the universal and the particular.
		While she insists "the universal means everything to me as a writer," she is inevitably drawn to the particular pole of Hebraism.
	log24.com /log/saved/021217-goldstein.html (1316 words)

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