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Topic: Hectocotylus

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	Hectocotylus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A hectocotylus is one of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods that is modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the female's eggs.
		In argonauts, the male transfers the spermatophores to the female by putting its hectocotylus into a cavity in the mantle of the female.
		The funnel-mantle locking apparatus on the hectocotylus keeps it lodged in the pallial cavity of the female.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hectocotylus (277 words)

	Pharyngula::Octopus Sex
		The arrow points to the male's hectocotylus, which is being inserted into the female's mantle cavity.
		Although male-male copulations ended passively with the withdrawal of the hectocotylus by the initiating animal, male-female copulations were always terminated by the females following an intense struggle.
		lunulata to determine the sexual identity of potential mates prior to the insertion of the hectocotylus and demonstrate the active role of the female during copulation.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/octopus_sex (1062 words)

	Octopods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Octopods breed discretely, often with only the male's specialized hectocotylus arm touching the female as it deposits sperm packets in her mantle cavity.
		After laying clusters of fertilized eggs, the female directs a steadily lessening stream of cleansing, oxygenating water over them as she lays dying beside her future offspring.
		The hectocotylus of the tiny male breaks off in the female's mantle cavity during copulation, and was for centuries thought to be a parasitic worm of the female.
	www.csuchico.edu /biol/ncnhm/molluscs/pan5/page6.html (211 words)

	Octopus - MSN Encarta
		A male interested in mating approaches a female just close enough to stretch out a modified arm, the hectocotylus, and caress the female.
		This arm has a deep groove between the two rows of suckers and ends in a spoonlike tip.
		After a period of love play the male inserts its arm under the mantle of the female, and the spermatophores travel down the groove on the hectocotylus to the female's oviduct.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564551/Octopus_(animal).html (515 words)

	Ocythoe additional features
		As in all argonautoid families, males have a detachable hectocotylus; however, in contrast to males of the other families, the hectocotylus is not carried within a sac on the head but the within a sac that extends from the base of the hectocotylus.
		A - Male with hectocotylus coiled in a sac.
		Two pores are present on the ventral surface of the head, one on either side of the funnel.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Ocythoe_additional_features?acc_id=2459 (581 words)

	Appendix 4. Geographical distribution of two subspecies of Sepia officinalis LINNE off the northwestern coast of Africa
		According to Adam (1941), the identification of the subspecies can be based on the shape of the rostrum on the shell; the transverse rows of modified suckers on hectocotylus can in addition be used for males.
		hierredda and vermiculata is never covered; the hectocotylus has 5-7 rows in the northern subspecies and 8-13 rows in the southern ones.
		On the other hand, modified suckers present on the hectocotylus of males are considerably smaller than normal suckers.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/N0278F/n0278f0b.htm (972 words)

	Opalescent Squid
		Using special cells called chromatophores, Male squid flash brilliant displays of iridescent colors to entice the females into mating, she signals her acceptance by turning a pale white at which time the male grabs her to begin copulation.
		Using a specialized arm called a hectocotylus, the male places his sperm packet inside her mantel.
		This female squid blushed bright red possibly as a signal to other males to stay away or perhaps she was just excited.
	hometown.aol.com /shorecrab/squidrun.htm (326 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		*hectocotylus can get detached and wrap around female's gills for a prolonged period of time.
		-at copulation, the hectocotylus plucks a mass of spermatophores from the Needham's sac and places it in the female's mantle cavity.
		The spermatophore is shaped like a baseball bat and consists of an elongated sperm mass, a cement body, a coiled spring-like ejaculatory organ, and a cap.
	www.colorado.edu /epob/epob4480tsai/Lecture25.html (1120 words)

	Some Interesting Facts
		After he finds her, but before the mating actually begins, there is a period of love play where the male extends an arm called the hectocotylus and gently caresses the female.
		The hectocotylus has two rows of suction discs on each side of a deep groove that end in a spoon-like tip.
		After caressing the female, the male inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle and sperm travel down the deep groove of the arm into the female's oviduct.
	www.fortunecity.com /littleitaly/dongiovanni/22/propane3.htm (1027 words)

	Morphometric Analysis of Male Reproductive Features of Octopodids (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) -- Voight 202 (2): 148 -- The ...
		The inset hectocotylus tips of Graneledone pacifica (above), adapted from Voss and Pearcy (1990), and Octopus dierythraeus (below), adapted from Norman (1993a), illustrate the differences on PC3.
		Callan, H. The absence of a sex-hormone controlling regeneration of the hectocotylus in Octopus vulgaris Lam.
		Robson, G. On the hectocotylus of the Cephalopoda—a reconsideration.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/202/2/148 (3942 words)

	Male or female?? - TONMO.com Forums
		You may get lucky and spot the groove running along an arm called the hectocotylus which is a modified arm the male uses for passing sperm to a female.
		Species where there is a hectocotylus, it is usually on the third arm.
		you say a male is recognized by the hectocotylus (and I thought mary poppins had long difficult words :P) on the third arm.
	www.tonmo.com /forums/showthread.php?t=1670 (505 words)

	Arm length = octo sex? - TONMO.com Forums
		The hectocotylus can be hard to identify, but I've attached some sketches at least to help you look for it.
		For almost all octopuses, the hectocotylus will be the third right arm of males (it's on the left in a rare few).
		This is actually part of an unpigmented "tube" through which the spermatophores are passed down the hectocotylus.
	www.tonmo.com /forums/showthread.php?t=2033 (502 words)

	Octopuses - Thinking Tentacles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The argonaut, related to the octopus, during mating uses a hectocotylus, like other octopuses do.
		Unlike other octopuses, however, the argonaut separates the hectocotylus and pushes it towards the female.
		When the hectocotylus once was found inside a female argonaut by a biologist it was described as an own species of worms because it was not understood, how a separated arm could serve an octopus.
	www.weichtiere.at /Mollusks/Kopffuesser/denkende_arme.html (318 words)

	The Malacologist-
		The male invests all his reproductive potential into a single spermatophore that he passes to the female via a specialized arm (‘hectocotylus’) (Fig.
		The male argonaut’s third left arm develops into the hectocotylus, forming inside a sac.
		The hectocotylus is severed by the male and is attached around the female’s gills within her mantle cavity.
	www.malacsoc.org.uk /The_Malacologist/BULL46/argonauts.htm (1098 words)

	Pyroteuthis Hectocotylus Hooks
		Hooks from the proximal region of the hectocotylus (P.
		The hooks of the first two species exhibit their true relative differences in size but not the third species.
		Drawings of hectocotylus hooks modified from Riddell, 1985 (P.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Pyroteuthis_Hectocotylus_Hooks?acc_id=1144 (153 words)

	Squids; Predator Par Excellence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During breeding, the male squid uses his modified fourth arm (hectocotylus) to obtain a sperm packet from an opening in his mantle cavity.
		After courtship displays, he inserts his hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity and deposits the sperm near the opening of her oviduct.
		Squid usually breed in swarms of hundreds of animals; the frenzy may last several days.
	www.csuchico.edu /biol/ncnhm/molluscs/pan5/page3.html (343 words)

	Copulation
		A male interested in mating approaches a female just close enough to stretch out a modified arm, the hectocotylus, and caress her.
		After a period of courtship activity, the male inserts his arm under the mantle of the female, and the spermatophores travel down the groove on the hectocotylus to the female's oviduct.
		Soon after mating, the female begins to lay eggs, each enclosed in a transparent capsule, in her lair, producing about 150,000 in two weeks.
	divemad.com /copulation.htm (194 words)

	SERTC: Species of the Month!
		Male octopuses have a modified arm called the hectocotylus (generally the 3rd or 4th arm) that assists in copulation with its female counterpart.
		A ventral groove extending the entire length of the arm transfers the spermatophores from the penis at the base of the hectocotylus to the female oviduct, initiating reproductive exchange that can last over an hour.
		Because cannibalism is prevalent in partners of unequal size, it is often disadvantageous for males to remain near or guard females after copulation.
	www.dnr.sc.gov /marine/sertc/species_month.htm (1668 words)

	Bolitaenidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The arms have a single series of suckers; in males, these suckers are greatly enlarged on the third right arm.
		In Bolitaena (but not Japetella) this arm is also modified into a hectocotylus, an appendage used to facilitate transfer of spermatophores during mating.
		The eyes of both species are laterally compressed; they are distinctly smaller and set farther apart from the brain on longer optic stalks in Bolitaena than in Japetella—this feature may be the only way to differentiate the two genera when examining subadults.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolitaenidae (504 words)

	IZ Facts - Cephalopods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Some of the largest ones weigh up to 50kg and measure up to 3-5 meters total length.
		The male has a modified arm called a hectocotylus that he stretches out to the female and inserts into her mantle cavity.
		The arm transfers spermatophores from a storage sac into her mantle cavity near the oviduct where the eggs are fertilized.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /iz/cephalopods.htm (452 words)

	Take a Trip to an Octopus' Garden with Me
		The male develops a special organ, the hectocotylus, at the tip of one arm, usually the third right arm.
		This hectocotylus is inserted into the female's mantle to deliver sperm packets.
		Most species mate separated from each other by a short distance, sometimes even from one octopus den to another.
	mikejacobs.50megs.com /TakeATrip.html (293 words)

	Pharyngula: Tentacle Sex
		Squid sex is a process of passing one of these clever novelty items to a female, where it will then go sproing when she lays some eggs.
		Instead, they have a pouch that opens into the mantle cavity, called Needham's sac, where spermatophores are stored, and they have a specially modified tentacle, the hectocotylus, which is used to reach into the sac, scoop out a spermatophore, and and place it inside the buccal or mantle cavity of the female.
		In some cephalopods, the end of the hectocotylus snaps off and remains imbedded in the female.
	scienceblogs.com /pharyngula/2006/02/tentacle_sex.php (1514 words)

	Octopus
		Sexes are separate and males mature at a smaller size than females
		Males have a modified arm called a hectocotylus (a/k/a the sperm shovel).
		This arm is used to place the sperm cells on or inside the female.
	www.tefelske.com /octopus.htm (719 words)

	Hapalochlaena maculosa, Blue-ringed Octopus at MarineBio.org
		The mating ritual for the Blue ring octopus,Hapalochlaena maculosa and Hapalochlaena maculosa, begins when a male approaches a female and begins to caress her with his modified arm, the hectocotylus.
		The hectocotylus is inserted under the mantle of the female and spermatophores are released into the female's oviduct.
		The female then lays between 50-100 eggs and guards them by carrying them under her tentacle until they hatch about 50 days later into planktonic paralarvae.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=403 (1436 words)

	Giant Octopus: Life Cycle, Alaska Pacific University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, many juveniles live in water less than 30 m deep.
		The tip of the third right arm is modified in mature males, forming a spoon-like organ (called the hectocotylus) that is used for mating.
		In mature males, this organ may be up to one fifth the length of the arm.
	marine.alaskapacific.edu /octopus/lifecycle.php (352 words)

	The Blue-Ringed Octopus
		Mating begins when an interested male approaches and starts caressing the female with his modified arm, the hectocotylus.
		He then inserts the hectocotylus under the mantle of the female and the spermatophores are then released into the female's oviduct.
		The female then lays ~100 eggs and guards them until they hatch ~50 days later.
	www.earlham.edu /~sheedjo/blue-ringedoctopus.htm (890 words)

	Hectocotylus Clipart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Click here for help downloading and using TIFF files.
		Description: "Hectocotylus of Tremoctopus violaceus." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893
		Source: The Encyclopedia Britannica, New Warner Edition (New York: The Werner Company, 1893)
	etc.usf.edu /clipart/26600/26601/hectocotylus_26601.htm (161 words)

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