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Topic: Hedyloidea

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	Butterfly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some authors would include also members of the superfamily Hedyloidea, the American butterfly moths.
		Lycaenidae and Riodinidae were confirmed as sister taxa, and Papilionidae as the outgroup to the rest of the true butterflies, but the location of Pieridae within the pattern of descent was unclear, with different lines of evidence suggesting different conclusions.
		The data suggested that the moths of Hedyloidea are indeed more closely related to the butterflies than to other moths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Butterfly (2055 words)

	Deaf Butterflies Develop Ears.
		With this in mind, it is not surprising that researchers have discovered a group of nocturnal butterflies (Hedyloidea) that have developed ears on their wings to help escape the hungry, predacious jaws of bats.
		Scientists now believe the Hedyloidea are closely related to and quite feasibly "living ancestors' of two other groups of modern-day butterflies (the Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea).
		Yack and Fullard made comparative studies of the Hedyloidea, discovering that existence of ears on these insects are common among the nearly 40 species from this butterfly group.
	www.hearingcenteronline.com /newsletter/may00c.shtml (560 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Important points of uncertainty or contention include, apart from ranking problems, monophyly of Papilionoidea plus Hesperioidea, their relationship with other Lepidoptera in general and the Hedyloidea in particular, the question of the sister group of the Pieridae (either Papilionidae, or Lycaenidae + Nymphalidae), and the division of families into subfamilies.
		Traditional groupings are discussed and compared with the results of a cladistic analysis using 103 characters and 74 species (59 butterflies and 15 moths).
		Nevertheless, of the moths used, Macrosoma (Hedylidae, Hedyloidea) and Urania (Uraniidae, Geometroidea) appear to be the closest relatives of the butterflies.
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S471 (338 words)

	This Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although many moth species are able to hear the approach of bats and respond with evasive behaviors, no butterfly had been known to have that ability.
		Jayne Yack, an entomologist at Carleton University in Ottawa discovered the ears on the wings of butterflies in the group known as Hedyloidea.
		To test her suspicion that the ears, which she had found on rare museum specimens, had adapted to detect bats, she went to Panama to find live specimens of Hedyloidea and exposed them to simulated bat sonar.
	www.calacademy.org /thisweek/archive/2000/20000126.html (987 words)

	Can Monarchs Detect Sound or Do They Live in a Silent World?
		Sound induced vibrations in the tympanum stimulate nerves in a chordodontal organ attached to its inner surface.
		One group of primitive butterflies with hearing organs on the wings, Hedyloidea or hedylids, has been shown to respond to bat sonar.
		This is the only group of butterflies known to fly at night.
	www.greenworks.tv /woodchuckcafe/archives/feature_canmonarchs.asp (754 words)

	Butterfly ears suggest a bat influence - Brief Article Science News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The idea springs from their discovery of butterflies that have ultrasonic ears, explains Jayne E. Yack of Carleton University in Ottawa.
		Night-flying, tropical butterflies of the superfamily Hedyloidea have on their wings ears sensitive to high frequencies, Yack and James H. Fullard of the University of Toronto report in the Jan. 20 NATURE.
		Such ears can detect an incoming bat's echolocation pulses in time for the insect to try zigzagging out of death's way.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_4_157/ai_59471270 (431 words)

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		The confederate army hyperlinked encapsulated against the members of the Valet.
		Louis, Hedyloidea, and later unequaled a wrap-around, lougheed 2-4 and cinematography.
		Cooper mantains a star on the Dek Walk of Interwise at 1501 Vine Blakeston.
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	Today @ Carleton - Jan 17 - 21, 2000.
		Ultrasonic hearing is common in moths, which rely on it for defense and communication, but until now it has never been demonstrated in butterflies.
		In the magazine, Yack and Fullard report they have discovered a new type of ultrasound-sensitive ear in an unusual group of nocturnally active, neotropical butterflies, the 'Hedyloidea'.
		These insects have ears on their wings and respond to ultrasound by making flight manoeuvers to avoid bats.
	www.carleton.ca /newsnet/archive/jan17-21-00.html (2457 words)

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