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Topic: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

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	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Wikipedia
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 september 1853 – 21 februari 1926) was een Nederlands natuurkundige.
		In 1908 slaagde Kamerlingh Onnes er als eerste in om helium vloeibaar te maken.
		In 1911 ontdekte Kamerlingh Onnes dat zuivere metalen - zoals kwik, tin en lood - bij extreem lage temperaturen supergeleidend worden.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes (273 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Onnes studied under Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff at the University of Heidelberg from 1871 to 1873.
		Onnes being held in high reguard by the scientific community was because of this instution.
		Onnes stated that the "Mercury has passed into a new state, which on account of its extraordinary electrical properties may be called the superconductive state".
	marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Heike_Kamerlingh-Onnes (609 words)

	Persbericht0444 - summary
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926) was the oldest son of a Groningen manufacturer of bricks and roofing tiles.
		While still a student in Groningen, Onnes, whose talents spanned both the experimental and theoretical fields, began to immerse himself in molecular theory as soon as Van der Waals' pioneering doctoral thesis on the equation of state and the continuity of the gaseous and liquid states was published in 1873.
		Onnes looked after his staff well and, when the occasion demanded, visited the families of his staff and technicians, but his own concerns were paramount.
	www.nieuws.leidenuniv.nl /index.php3?m=1&c=413 (1563 words)

	Encyclopedia: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 â“ February 21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist.
		The instruments Onnes devised for his experiments can still be seen at the Boerhaave museum in Leiden.
		The history of superconductivity, whom Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in his research of metallic low temperature phenomenon characterised by no electrical resistance labelled superconductivity, dates to the turn of the 1900s.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Heike-Kamerlingh-Onnes (1502 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics for (in the words of the committee) "his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium".
		In 1908 Onnes was the first physicist who made this liquefaction of helium possible.
		The instruments Onnes devised for his experiments can still be seen at the Boerhave museum in Leiden.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /heike_kamerlingh_onnes.htm (308 words)

	Biography of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
		His father, Harm Kamerlingh Onnes, was the owner of a brickworks near Groningen; his mother was Anna Gerdina Coers of Arnhem, the daughter of an architect.
		Kamerlingh Onnes' talents for solving scientific problems was already apparent in 1871, when at the age of 18 he was awarded a Gold Medal for a competition sponsored by the Natural Sciences Faculty of the University of Utrecht, followed the next year by a Silver Medal for a similar event at the University of Groningen.
		At the early age of 30, Kamerlingh Onnes was appointed a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam.
	www.msa.nl /AMSTEL/www/Vakken/Natuur/htm/nobel/physics-1913-1-bio.htm (928 words)

	History of superconductivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The history of superconductivity, whom Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in his research of metallic low temperature phenomenon characterised by no electrical resistance and which became known as superconductivity, starts at the end of the 1800s.
		Onnes, with assistants at his facility, began the investigations with platinum and gold, replacing these later with mercury (a more readily refineable material).
		Onnes research of the resistivity of solid mercury at cryogenic temperatures was accomplished by using the Onnes own process of attaining liquid helium as a refrigerant.
	www.tocatch.info /en/History_of_superconductivity.htm (1111 words)

	KNAW > Van der Waals > Scientists of the Dutch School> Kamerlingh Onnes
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926) was the son of a well-to-do industrialist from whom he inherited his mechanical propensity.
		Kamerlingh Onnes was appointed to a professorship at the University of Leiden in 1882.
		Kamerlingh Onnes was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences as early as 1883, before his 30th birthday.
	www.knaw.nl /waals/kamerlingh.html (818 words)

	Gemeente Leiden: Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium: de koudste plek op aarde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Of Kamerlingh Onnes de sollicitatie ooit beantwoord heeft is niet bekend, maar het is een feit dat Einstein op deze plek onderzoek heeft gedaan, net als de roemruchte Madame Curie.
		Voor het zover was vestigde Kamerlingh Onnes echter zelf naam.
		Het Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium is te vinden op Steenschuur 25 en is beide dagen geopend.
	www.leiden.nl /dspage.asp?objectid=8931 (420 words)

	Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Through measurement to knowledge: the ...
		Kamerlingh Onnes laid out his vision in his inaugural lecture on November 11, 1882, titled De betekenis van het quantitatief onderzoek in de natuurkunde (The Significance of Quantitative Investigations in Physics), on the occasion of being appointed professor of experimental physics at the Unive rsity of Leiden (The Netherlands).
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was born as the first of three siblings on September 21, 1853, at Groningen, The Netherlands.
		Kamerlingh Onnes was educated first at the Hoogere Burgerschool of his birthplace (secondary school without classical languages), and subsequently received instruction in Greek and Latin.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IKZ/is_3_107/ai_90984476 (1486 words)

	HEIKE KAMERLINGH ONNES FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September_21, 1853 – February_21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist.
		Onnes studied under Robert_Bunsen and Gustav_Kirchhoff at the University_of_Heidelberg from 1871 to 1873.
		Onnes managed, using the Joule-Thomson_effect, to lower the temperature to less than one degree above the absolute minimum (0.9 K).
	www.witwib.com /Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes (504 words)

	HEIKE KAMERLINGH ONNES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kamerlingh Onnes begann sein Studium in Groningen, wechselte für einige Semester nach Heidelberg (bei Kirchhoff und Bunsen), wo er einen Seminarpreis erringen konnte.
		Seit 1894 verfügte Kamerlingh Onnes über ein Kältebad von flüssigem Sauerstoff (-182° C) und seit 1906 über flüssigen Stickstoff (-195,80° C).
		Für die van der Waals-Gleichung schlug Kamerlingh Onnes eine Reihenentwicklung vor, die sich auch auf Gasgemische sowie auf Gemische von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten erstrecken sollte.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/H/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes (252 words)

	Wijkkrant 27 Professoren en Burgemeesterswijk - Professor Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Op 10 juli 1908 was, na 25 jaar ploeteren, berekeningen maken en overleggen, Kamerlingh Onnes met dit apparaat in staat de wedloop naar de laagste temperaturen in zijn voordeel te beslechten.
		Heike was de oudste van vijf kinderen van het welgestelde gezin.
		Kamerlingh Onnes is al aardig ingeburgerd in de natuurkundige wereld als hij in 1882 de plaats van professor Reijke mag overnemen aan de Leidse Universiteit, waar ook vijf jaar eerder H.A. Lorentz was benoemd in de theoretische natuurkunde.
	www.profburgwijk.nl /vereniging/wijkkrant27/ProfessorKamerlinghOnnes.html (820 words)

	Geometry.Net - Nobel: Kamerlingh-onnes Heike
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was Dutch winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1913 for his work on low-temperature physics and his production of liquid helium.
		Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes was the winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, among other things, to the production of liquid helium.
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926),born on September 21, 1853, in Groningen, The Netherlands, was the brother of Menso Kamerlingh Onnes.
	www.geometry.net /detail/nobel/kamerlingh-onnes_heike.html (2529 words)

	Persbericht0444 - Visie en uitgekooktheid bepaalden succes Kamerlingh Onnes
		Kamerlingh Onnes verbouwde het natuurkundig laboratorium aan de Steenschuur tot een plaats waar het gedrag van stoffen bij zeer lage temperaturen kon worden onderzocht.
		Stap voor stap bouwde Kamerlingh Onnes zijn koude-imperium uit.
		Een gouden greep was zijn initiatief om instrumentmakers in het eigen laboratorium op te leiden.
	www.fwnactueel.leidenuniv.nl /index.php3?m=9&t=4&link_url=http://www.nieuws.leidenuniv.nl/&link_id=411&link_extern=1 (312 words)

	Laureates of Tomorrow Nobel Essay Contest
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and the Liquefaction of Helium
		The year was 1908, and the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes had won the race for ultimate cold; he had liquefied helium, the most difficult gas to liquefy.
		Onnes proceeded to distill liquid mercury to an extremely pure form, and then poured it into a connected series of U-shaped capillary tubes with electrodes placed at the ends (for conducting and measuring current).
	www.nyas.org /programs/nobel/essay2.html (2140 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was Dutch winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1913 for his work on
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was born on September 21, 1853, at Groningen, The Netherlands.
		Kamerlingh Onnes was interested in investigating the electrical properties of pure metals with no impurities in this newly available region of low temperatures.
	www.nobdatafy.com /HKO-bio.html (647 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes is best known for his life-long investigations into the properties of matter at very low temperatures.
		Kamerlingh Onnes's academic career began when he was appointed assistant at Delft Polytechnic School, a position he held until 1882 when, at the young age of 29, he became the new professor of physics at Leiden University.
		The first thing Kamerlingh Onnes did, as new professor of physics in Leiden, was to reorganize the physical laboratory in such a way that it would suit his own program of experimental physics.
	www.bookrags.com /history/sciencehistory/heike-kamerlingh-onnes-scit-0612345 (584 words)

	HEIKE KAMERLINGH ONNES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 september 1853 - 21 februari 1926) Nederlands natuurkundige.
		Met dit doel voor ogen had hij in 1904 een speciaal cryogeen lab opgericht.
		De instrumenten die Kamerling Onnes voor zijn experimenten liet vervaardigen zijn nog steeds te bezichtigen in Leiden, in het Boerhaave Museum.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/H/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes (238 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Biography / Biography of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Main Biography
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926) won the Nobel Prize in physics for his work with liquefied helium.
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was a Dutch experimental physicist distinguished for his work in the field of low-temperature physics.
		Kamerlingh Onnes was born in Groningen, the Netherlands, on September 21, 1853.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-heike-kamerlingh-onnes (247 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 – February 21, 1926) was a (The West Germanic language of the Netherlands) Dutch (A scientist trained in physics) physicist.
		In 1908 Onnes was the first physicist who made this liquefaction of (A very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)) helium possible.
		For this purpose he founded a (The branch of physics that studies the phenomena that occur at very low temperatures) cryogenics lab, in 1904.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/He/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes.htm (337 words)

	Heike (Kamerlingh) Onnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Al geruime tijd is er ver op de achtergrond een discussietje bezig of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes nu Onnes of Kamerlingh Onnes met zijn achternaam heet.
		Omdat Heike Kamerlingh Onnes op 21 september 1853 in de stad Groningen geboren is, moest daar ook de geboorteakte opgezocht worden.
		De naam van ons geliefd lab is fout en moet veranderd worden in Onnes Laboratorium, wat natuurlijk niet echt fraai klinkt, maar wel correct is. Verder zal de vloer in de kantine grondig herzien moeten worden.
	www.strw.leidenuniv.nl /~quanta/Jaargangen/1994/August/Onnes.html (716 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Galerie Heike Heike Hollmann präsentiert eigene Arbeiten in der Bildergalerie und informiert über Ausstellungen.
		Heike and Brett's European Adventure Follow Heike and Bretts' travels across Europe with this collection of photos and stories from their most exciting and interesting trips.
		Weinlandkuechen.ch - Heike Miggler Küchen von Leicht und Alno aus dem Zürcher Weinland, geplant, gebaut und betreut von Heike Miggler und ihrer Familie.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Heike_Kamerlingh-Onnes.html (194 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1908 Onnes was the first physicist who this liquefaction of helium possible.
		The instruments Onnes devised for his experiments still be seen at the Boerhave museum Leiden.
		His student and successor as director of lab Willem Hendrik Keesom was the first person who was to solidify helium in 1926.
	www.freeglossary.com /Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes (304 words)

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