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Topic: Heinrich Dreser

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Heroin

Hugo Drax

Recreational drug use

	Heroin, Bayer and Heinrich Dreser
		Dreser was admired for his thorough, methodical approach, and for his innovations in testing (he was, for example, the first chemist to use animal experiments on an industrial scale).
		Dreser had already written about the drug in medical journals, and studies had endorsed his view that heroin could be effective in treating asthma, bronchitis, phthisis and tuberculosis.
		Eventually, Dreser recognised which way the wind was blowing, tested ASA on himself (as well as on his laboratory of rabbits), and finally published an enthusiastic scientific paper recommending it, particularly for the treatment of rheumatism - but omitting to mention the contributions of Eichengruen and Hoffmann.
	www.opioids.com /heroin/heroinhistory.html (2286 words)

	the beneficent utility of illusion
		Heinrich Dreser, a chemist working for Bayer Pharmaceuticals, introduced the consumer world to diacetylmorphine in 1897.
		Salophen also was encouraged for the maintenance of genitourinary tract health and promised to relieve the symptoms associated with the ubiquitous nineteenth century catch-all ailment, rheumatism.
		When Dreser was presented with the compound for heroin, he also received that for acetylsalicylic acid; which he deemed relatively worthless.
	www.circusfiretragedy.com /beneficent/the_beneficent.htm (324 words)

	EXplorations in Medicine
		Dreser then suggests: Pharmacological chemistry should develop synthetically a new preparation which would avoid in addition to the disgusting sweet taste other undesirable characteristics such as the overloading of the stomach.
		Dreser concludes his article as follows: Summing up the most important pharmacologic characteristics of aspirin we may suggest the following: The aspirin has a more pleasant harsh acidic taste than sodium salicylate before resorption.
		In concert with Dreser's efforts, physicians were co-opted into supporting the effectiveness and harmlessness of aspirin.
	interzone.com /~cheung/SUM.dir/med92.html (3754 words)

	Amazon.com: "Heinrich Dreser": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Dreser's opposite number in the pharmaceuticals section was Arthur Eichengrn,...
		That was Heinrich Dreser, the architect of, among other things, diacetylmorphine, or heroin, and then an imposing figure in European science.
		Felix Hoffman and his associate Heinrich Dreser gave aspirin its name: a - to denote the process of acetylation spir - because salicylic acid comes from the...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Heinrich-Dreser (485 words)

	The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal British Medical Journal - Find Articles
		If there was an interval of nearly 18 months between Dreser's first and later experimenting with acetylsalicylic acid, this interval obviously could not have ended much before 27 September 1898, since he took up his appointment at Elberfield on 1 April 1897.
		His laboratory reports from 27 September 1898 onward do not reveal why Dreser was then testing acetylsalicylic acid on its own rather than with the other four derivatives named in his 1899 paper.
		He was present when the derivatives of salicylic acid were tested by Dreser and came to the conclusion that acetylsalicylic acid was superior to all the other compounds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7276_321/ai_69057212 (520 words)

	A History of Aspirin [MJM 1996 2: 115-120]
		According to Mann and Plummer, there was a certain degree of animosity between Arthur Eichengrün, who ran the research and development-based Pharmaceutical Division where Hoffmann worked, and Heinrich Dreser, who was in charge of testing and standardization in the Pharmacological Division (5).
		Dreser then carried out comparative studies of aspirin and other salicylates to demonstrate that the former was less noxious and more beneficial than the latter.
		In concert with Dreser's efforts, physicians were co-opted into supporting the effectiveness and harmlessness of aspirin.
	www.medicine.mcgill.ca /mjm/issues/v02n02/aspirin.html (3908 words)

	QI Talk Forum \| View topic - Drugs: heroin at Harrods
		Dreser was one of the most innovative medical chemists of his time.
		Dreser claimed it was 10 times more effective as a cough medicine than codeine, without all the nasty side-effects.
		It is rumoured that Dreser (who was famous for taking an obese dachshund with him everywhere, even into the lab) was a heroin addict in his final years.
	www.qi.com /talk/viewtopic.php?t=3273&start=0 (764 words)

	Historian claims Jewish inventor of Aspirin was denied credit
		Eichengrün claimed that he had pushed for acetylsalicylic acid's development even when Heinrich Dreser, head of the experimental pharmacology lab, had mistakenly believed that the drug was harmful to the heart.
		After the clinical benefits of acetylsalicylic acid were confirmed, Dreser was assigned to write a report that would give scientific credibility to the new drug and began reinvestigation on his own in September 1898.
		"Dreser had nothing whatsoever to do with the discovery, and Hoffmann carried out my chemical instructions in the first place without knowing the aim of the work.
	www.cardiologytoday.com /200104/finalbeat.asp (916 words)

	A History of Aspirin [MJM 1996 2: 115-120]
		No one [in the pharmaceutical industry] would undertake the irksome task of making new products known to the medical profession without being, whether rightly or wrongly, convinced of their superior properties (17).
		In many diseases related to common cold, the use of sodium salicylate would be definitely much more popular if it would not provoke strong rejection by its disgusting sweet taste which can be corrected only to some extent (18).
		Dreser then carried out comparative studies of aspirin and other salicylates to demonstrate that the former was less noxious and more beneficial than the latter.
	www.med.mcgill.ca /mjm/issues/v02n02/aspirin.html (3908 words)

	The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal British Medical Journal - Find Articles
		If there was an interval of nearly 18 months between Dreser's first and later experimenting with acetylsalicylic acid, this interval obviously could not have ended much before 27 September 1898, since he took up his appointment at Elberfield on 1 April 1897.
		He was present when the derivatives of salicylic acid were tested by Dreser and came to the conclusion that acetylsalicylic acid was superior to all the other compounds.
		At a management meeting, Eichengrun called for clinical studies to be initiated, but Dreser used his right of veto as head of the pharmacology division.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7276_321/ai_69057212 (512 words)

	END ADDICTION
		The German pharmacologist Heinrich Dreser did the pioneering clinical research at Friedrich Bayer and Co which introduced Heroin commercially in 1898.
		Dreser found heroin to be a highly effective medication in the treatment of coughs, chest pains, and the discomfort of tuberculosis.
		Dreser recommended heroin to doctors on the grounds that it was stronger than morphine and safer than codeine.
	www.firehorse.com.au /addict/heroin.html (496 words)

	Volume 26
		As early as 200 B.C., healers had known that chewing on the bark of the white willow soothed aches and pains, but it was Hoffman who improved on the work of others and finally came up with a way to make pure, stable acetylsalicylic acid.
		Hoffman reported his findings to his supervisor at the Friedrich Bayer Company, a man named Heinrich Dreser who, ironically, invented heroin, which he thought was a non-addictive substitute for morphine.
		Dreser retired early, and rich, and the Bayer family became fabulously wealthy.
	www.clarksons.org /CrossCurrent/crosscurrent2647.htm (659 words)

	As morphine turns 200, drug that blocks its side effects reveals new secrets
		By the 1850s the first reliable syringes were developed and injected morphine became a standard method of reducing pain during and after surgery.
		Heinrich Dreser, a chemist at Bayer Laboratories developed and tested Wright's new semi-synthetic drug on animals, humans, and most notably himself.
		Finding that it was a powerful painkiller and appeared effective for a variety of respiratory ailments, Bayer began producing and marketing this drug as an analgesic and a "sedative for coughs" in 1898.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-05/uocm-amt051805.php (1130 words)

	Heroin, Bayer and Heinrich Dreser
		A hundred years ago Heinrich Dreser made a fortune from the discovery of heroin and aspirin - but he may have ended his days as an addict.
		Like heroin, aspirin more or less sold itself.
		His last years may or may not have been happy.
	www.heroin.org /heroin/heroinhistory.html (2286 words)

	Professional Nursing Today: The History Of Asprin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arthur Eichengrün, the chemist in charge of the pharmaceutical division where Hoffman worked, vehemently refuted Hoffman’s claims of discovery and suggests that it was he, Eichengrün, who had been primarily responsible for ensuring the success of the drug.
		However it was Heinrich Dreser, an eminent pharmacologist who had been appointed to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products introduced by Bayer who ultimately received fame and fortune from aspirin by approving Bayer’s marketing of acetylsalicylic acid.
		Bayer registered the "new" compound on 1 February 1899 under the name of "Aspirin" –; the "a" came from acetyl, while "spir" derived from Spiraea ulmaria (or meadowsweet), the plant from which salicylic acid had originally been isolated.
	www.medpharm.co.za /pnt/2000/first/asprin.html (826 words)

	The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal -- Sneader 321 (7276): 1591 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		September 1898 onward do not reveal why Dreser was then testing acetylsalicylic acid on its
		According to Eichengrün, when Dreser was asked to comment, he
		Eichengrün claimed that Dreser was then instructed to write a report that would give scientific credibility to the new drug.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/321/7276/1591 (1977 words)

	Pain and Chemical Dependency: Addiction & Pain
		With the development of the hypodermic syringe in the mid-19th century, morphine could be injected directly into painful areas (called neuralgias), with the thought that this would induce a localized anesthesia.
		Diacetylmorphine was synthesized during the latter part of the 19th century by the English chemist, C.R. Alder Wright, and it was soon found to be effective for the relief of respiratory symptoms by Heinrich Dreser, chief pharmacologist for the German pharmaceutical company, Bayer.
		Bayer marketed this synthetic opioid (a term referring generically to alkaloids, their synthetic derivatives, and physiological substances with similar effects) as a cough suppressant under the trade name "Heroin." It was introduced to British physicians in a Lancet report, which stated that heroin is not habit forming.
	www.stoppain.org /pcd/content/addiction/history.asp (1353 words)

	The osmotic pressure of the urine--from Dutrochet to Koranyi, a trans-European interdisciplinary epic -- Richet 16 (2): ...
		Korányi integrates the work of Dreser in the role of the normal and pathological kidney in maintaining the milieu intérieur
		Dreser was closely involved, in 1897–1898, as chief of
		Dreser H. Über Diurese und ihre Beeinflussung durch pharmakologische Mittel.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/16/2/420 (2028 words)

	washingtonpost.com: In Brief: Pain Reliever
		Jeffreys traces the drug from its roots in ancient Egypt through its synthesis in the Bayer labs in the late 1890s.
		He tells the story engagingly, revealing that Bayer pharmacology chief Heinrich Dreser, who would wrongly claim sole credit for the "invention," was initially unimpressed.
		Dreser regarded another Bayer product developed within the same two-week period as much more promising.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A16431-2004Oct7?language=printer (324 words)

	Amarogue: Guide to Sites & Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Quite ironic, the pharmacist Heinrich Dreser, died an addict.
		But Dreser was the first to see its commercial potential.
		The work seems to have been initiated by Dreser, who was by then aware of Wright's discovery, even though he subsequently implied that heroin was an original Bayer invention.
	www.amarogue.com /jul04.html (1887 words)

	Heinrich Dreser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heinrich Dreser was a German chemist, responsible for the aspirin and heroin projects at Bayer AG.
		He was also known for regularly taking heroin, which finally led to a cardiac arrest.
		Arthur Eichengrün claimed that the credit (and profits) for the discovery of aspirin were stolen from him by Dreser [1]
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heinrich_Dreser (136 words)

	10-19-01
		After doing some initial testing on his pet dogs and observing they were listless, occasionally vomited, and scratched themselves a lot, Wright decided not to pursue the investigation.
		In 1895 Heinrich Dreser, a Bayer Pharmaceutical chemist like Hoffmann, took the first steps toward a marketable diacetylmorphine.
		Dreser worked closely with Hoffmann (though he once published against aspirin) at Bayer.
	www.flavinscorner.com /10-19-01.htm (937 words)

	Cloning research is just the latest in dubious medical 'advances'
		This wonderful advance in medicine was the brainchild of Heinrich Dreser, a chemist working for the Bayer company.
		Faced with the opportunity to introduce to the world two different drugs, Dreser declared the first "of no value" but the second he enthusiastically endorsed.
		Fortunately for Bayer, Dreser reversed himself on aspirin in 1899, and the company was able to ride profits from that drug into the 21st century.
	fredericksburg.com /News/FLS/2002/062002/06022002/620100/printer_friendly (979 words)

	The science behind aspirin
		Among Eichengrün’s first ideas was to find a derivative of salicylic acid that would be as therapeutically effective but with less undesirable side effects.
		Dreser thought it was just a better-tasting salicylic acid unworthy of production.
		Dreser changed his mind and published a paper that did not mention Eichengrün and Hoffmann.
	www.creatingtechnology.org /biomed/aspirin.htm (6009 words)

	Focus: Asprin - The secret history of a wonder drug
		Hoffman's father was a martyr to rheumatism, but couldn't take salicylic acid because of the irritant effect on his stomach.
		Of the original three Germans at Bayer, Dreser retired rich but died a suspected heroin addict, Hoffmann devoted himself to the history of art, but Eichengruün, a Jew, had worked on until he found his work blighted by anti-semitism.
		His reward for developing the wonder drug of the 20th century was to have his chemical works confiscated and to be sent to a concentration camp.
	www.papillonsartpalace.com /foacus.htm (1512 words)

	TIME.com: The World's Best Is Also the Cheapest -- Apr. 10, 1964 -- Page 1
		There it stayed until the 1890s, when Felix Hoffmann, working for Friedrich Bayer and Co. outside Düsseldorf, tried the drug on his father and found that it miraculously eased the old man's rheumatic pains.
		Hoffmann's boss, Heinrich Dreser, coined the name aspirin, and rushed the drug to market.
		Aspirin was a registered trade name, and still is in Germany, though it lost that privileged status in the U.S. in 1917, when the Monsanto Co. began to make it in large quantities.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,875752,00.html (713 words)

	Amazon.com: "Heinrich Albert": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		GERMAN AND SAXON COMPOSERS In the same year as Kittel's --Irren und Cantaten, yet another of Schutz's pupils, his cousin Heinrich Albert (1604-i1) published the first of eight `parts' of -Irren...
		In trying to explain the parent company's resistance, Heinrich Albert told a group of government representatives from Hamburg, "Mr.
		His principal aide in this was Heinrich Albert, a German Interior Ministry official seconded to the Embassy for the duration of the war.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Heinrich-Albert (581 words)

	frontline: the opium kings: Opium Throughout History \| PBS
		Tabloids owned by William Randolph Hearst publish stories of white women being seduced by Chinese men and their opium to invoke fear of the 'Yellow Peril', disguised as an "anti-drug" campaign.
		Heinrich Dreser working for The Bayer Company of Elberfeld, Germany, finds that diluting morphine with acetyls produces a drug without the common morphine side effects.Bayer begins production of diacetylmorphine and coins the name "heroin." Heroin would not be introduced commercially for another three years.
		The philanthropic Saint James Society in the U.S. mounts a campaign to supply free samples of heroin through the mail to morphine addicts who are trying give up their habits.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history.html (2557 words)

	Heroin: The Junk Equation
		The drug heroin is a semisynthetic narcotic that's been around for a long time.
		First synthesized in 1898 in the German labs of the Bayer Company, heroin (or diacetylmorphine) was the brainchild of Heinrich Dreser, the same chemist who'd distinguished himself a decade earlier by developing Bayer's other popular new painkiller, aspirin.
		When heroin first hit the market, it was prescribed as a pain reliever and a treatment for a variety of other ailments, including bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and even tuberculosis, due to its ability to really turn off a cough.
	www.doitnow.org /pages/105.html (2956 words)

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