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Topic: Heliconiinae

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	Gulf Fritillary Butterfly - Agraulis vanillae
		Live adult gulf fritillary butterflies photographed at Fulton County GA and Cumberland County North Carolina.
		The Gulf Fritillary is a striking, bright orange butterfly of the family Nymphalidae and sub-family Heliconiinae.
		It was formerly classified in a separate family, the Heliconiidae or longwing butterflies, and like other longwings it does have long, rather narrow wings in comparison with other butterflies.
	www.cirrusimage.com /butterfly_gulffrit.htm (197 words)

	Ward and Peterson, in review, Biotropica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		biflora were Alticinae flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Heliconiinae butterfly larvae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and whitefly "pupae" (the scale-like sessile nymphal instars; Homoptera: Aleyrodidae).
		Heliconiinae butterflies oviposited on the sun plants about as often as on the shaded plants, but their larvae were most abundant on the sun plants, as also were beetles.
		Wasp predators and parasitoids were equally uncommon, but they had a substantial impact on Heliconiinae eggs and larvae.
	www.botany.uga.edu /~chris/Ward2.html (344 words)

	Heliconiinae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The subfamily Heliconiinae has really only been delimited as it is now since 1991, when Harvey placed the argynnines and acraeines with the heliconiines.
		A recent phylogenetic study of the subfamily by Penz and Peggie suggests that the subfamily should be divided into the 4 tribes listed below.
		Emsley, M. A morphological study of imagine Heliconiinae (Lep.: Nymphalidae) with a consideration of the evolutionary relationships within the group.
	www.zoologi.su.se /research/wahlberg/Nymphalidae/Heliconiinae/Heliconiinae.htm (216 words)

	Brush-footed butterfly - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Several species are attracted to Buddleia, a butterfly host plant.
		There are four major clades within Nymphalidae, the danaine clade (subfamily Danainae), the satyrine clade (which includes the subfamilies Charaxinae, Satyrinae, Calinaginae and Morphinae), the heliconiine clade (including Heliconiinae and Limenitidinae excluding Biblidini, Cyrestini, Pseudergolini, and Coeini) and the nymphaline clade (including Nymphalinae, Apaturinae, and Coeini, Cyrestini, Pseudergolini, and Biblidini from the Limenitidinae).
		The danaine clade is the most basal group and the heliconiine and nymphaline are sister groups.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Brush-footed_butterfly (280 words)

	Revista Brasileira de Entomologia - Preimaginal development of Eueides isabella dianasa (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Desenvolvimento pré-imaginal de Eueides isabella dianasa (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) em folhas de Passiflora edulis L. (Passifloraceae)
		Esse fenômeno é conhecido como oligofagia e é comum entre representantes da subfamília Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) (CARRERA 1989).
		BEEBE, W.; J. CRANE and H. A comparasion of eggs, larvae and pupae in fourteen species of Heliconiinae butterflies from Trinidad, W. Zoologica 45(8): 111-154.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262004000100013&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt (3525 words)

	Heliconiinae
		Heliconiinae, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
		Higher classification is mainly after [Wahlberg], November 2005, except some clump/split of genera is not done yet.
		Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies.
	www.funet.fi /pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/heliconiinae/index.html (163 words)

	Heliconiinae Information
		The Heliconiinae, commonly called Heliconians or longwings, are a subfamily of the butterfly family Nymphalidae.
		They are sometimes treated as a separate family (Heliconiidae) within the Papilionoidea.
		View a list of authors or edit this article.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Heliconiinae (73 words)

	L.E. Gilbert Laboratory, UT Austin
		Penz, C. Description of the early stages of Podotricha telesiphe (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae).
		Penz, C.M. Higher level phylogeny for the passion-vine butterflies (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) based on early stage and adult morphology.
		Phillips, P. The relationship of successional and primary tropical rain forests to color infrared photography.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /%7Egilbert/bibliography (2105 words)

	Family Nymphalidae
		At least 150 species of Nymphalids can be found in North America, with 47 occurring in Idaho.
		These include the Fritillaries (Subfamily Heliconiinae), the true Brush-Foots (Subfamily Nymphalinae), and the Admirals and Relatives (Subfamily Limenitidinae).
		Interesting traits demonstrated by some members of this family include lengthy migrations, territoriality, and the ability to overwinter as adults.
	imnh.isu.edu /digitalatlas/bio/insects/butrfly/famnymph/famnym.htm (141 words)

	Iheringia. Série Zoologia - External morphology of the immature stages of neotropical heliconians: IV. Dryas iulia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		ALEXANDER, A. A study of the biology and behavior of the caterpillars, pupae and emerging butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae in Trinidad, West Indies.
		EMSLEY, M. A morphological study of imagine Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with a consideration of the evolutionary relationships within the group.
		FLEMING, H. The first instar larvae of the Heliconiinae (Butterflies) of Trinidad, W. Zoologica, New York, 45:91-110.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212004000100005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt (3153 words)

	Research Interests...
		My interests revolve around the evolution and ecology of butterfly/hostplant interactions with a particular leaning towards the Heliconiidae (Argynninae, Heliconiinae, Acraeinae sensu nova) and the Violales (Passifloraceae, Turneraceae, Flacourtiaceae, Violaceae, Caricaceae and Malesherbiaceae) but I have recently begun some work with the mating system of a distylous plant in south Texas.
		My current research program is divided into a number of initiatives that examine the evolution of plant chemical defenses and the evolution of host specialization, particularly of insects that are obligate herbivores of particular plant species due to hostplant chemistry.
		Further, all available evidence suggests that Euptoieta is closely related to the Heliconiinae which are obligate herbivores of Passiflora sp.
	www.sbs.utexas.edu /philjs/research.html (883 words)

	Haitian Resource Development Foundation / Aquin Communal Forest. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Close attention will be paid to pollination biology in order to examine the selective forces that have led to a shift from bee and wasp to hummingbird pollination within the section.
		passionflower butterfly) herbivores of the species within section Cieca will also be observed and identified to investigate the hypothesized coevolutionary relationship between the Heliconiinae and Passiflora.
		The result of the proposed study will be a more extensive understanding of evolutionary relationships within a group of rapidly evolving subtropical and tropical species.
	www.hrdf.org /project_communalforest.html (1144 words)

	L.E. Gilbert - Heliconius Wing Pattern Evolution
		ACKERY, P. An illustrated list of the type specimens of the Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the British Museum (Natural History).
		BARD, J. Butterfly wing patterns: How good a determining mechanism is the simple diffusion of a single morphogen?
		WAAGE, J. The Passiflora problem in Hawaii: prospects and problems of controlling the forest weed P.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~gilbert/research/wingpattern/lit.html (1087 words)

	Insect Behavior Review Articles 1997
		Mimicry rings where first explained by Bates (1862), who found that presumably unpalatable Ithomiinae, Danainae and Heliconiinae (danaoid and acraeoid Heliconiidae) and presumably palatable Dismorphiinae often converged in color pattern (Bates, 1862).
		Batesian mimicry was used to explain mimicry between pairs of species, both of which were presumed unpalatable (Mallet and Gilbert, 1995).
		Bates argued that rare, unpalatable species, such as the silvaniform known as Heliconius numata (Heliconiinae), should converge on the patterns of more common or more highly protected model species, such as Melinaea spp.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1997/wathen.html (3095 words)

	[No title]
		Murray, D. A survey of the butterfly fauna of Jatun Sacha, Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea).
		Zwei neue Heliconiinae aus dem Oriente Ecuadors (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
		An annotated checklist of Ecuadorian Nymphalidae, Part I: Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera).
	www.butterfliesofecuador.com /resources.html (2304 words)

	Reference Library - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Heliconiinae or Heliconians are a subfamily of butterflies.
		They are found mostly in the tropical Americas.
		All other copyrights remain the property of their respective owners
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library/insects/heliconiinae/841/index.html (64 words)

	Identification of cyanogenic glycosides in Passiflora and their fate when ingested by Heliconius larvae (Nymphalidae: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Identification of cyanogenic glycosides in Passiflora and their fate when ingested by Heliconius larvae (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae)
		970 Natural Area Dr, Gainesville, FL Heliconius erato (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) is an aposematic butterfly that have a tight relationship with Passiflora plants.
		See more of The 2004 ESA Annual Meeting and Exhibition
	esa.confex.com /esa/2004/techprogram/paper_17060.htm (194 words)

	Texas Butterfly Bibliography
		An illustrated list of the type-specimens of the Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the British Museum (Natural History).
		Relative palatability and Müllerian mimicry among Neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae.
		The relative abundance of model and mimic butterflies in natural populations of the Battus philenor mimicry complex.
	www.texasento.net /txpapers.htm (5728 words)

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