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Topic: Heliobacteria

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Purple bacteria

Green sulfur bacteria

Primary nutritional groups

Bacteriochlorophyll

Bacterium

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	University of Alabama News
		“Heliobacteria are the least complex photosynthetic bacteria ever found.
		They are like ‘living fossils’ of the bacterial world -- they look a lot like what we might imagine a very early photosynthetic bacterium would have looked like over 2 billion years ago,” said Redding.
		We know that Heliobacteria can make hydrogen, and they might serve as an ideal platform for producing hydrogen using sunlight, if we can engineer them.
	uanews.ua.edu /anews2007/may07/redding050707.htm (663 words)

	Phototrophic Prokaryotes Sequencing Project
		Heliobacteria are the most recently discovered of the major groups of anoxygenic phototrophs, with the first species described only 20 years ago (Gest and Favinger 1983).
		Heliobacteria are robust nitrogen-fixers (Kimble and Madigan 1992a), with some species containing multiple forms of nitrogenase (Kimble and Madigan 1992b).
		Heliobacteria are common in agricultural soils, in particular, paddy soils (Stevenson et al.
	genomes.tgen.org /helio.html (1019 words)

	Heliobacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Heliorestis The heliobacteria are a small family of bacteria that produce energy through photosynthesis.
		Heliobacteria are heterotrophic, using energy from light or chemicals but relying exclusively on organic sources for carbon, and are exclusively anaerobic.
		Whereas most other photosynthetic bacteria are predominantly aquatic, heliobacteria have been found mostly in soils, especially rice paddies.
	heliobacteria.area51.ipupdater.com (181 words)

	Paper: 067umb Bryantseva.qxd :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Heliobacteria are anoxygenic phototrophic prokaryotes whose novel photosynthetic and phylogenetic characteristics have warranted their classification as a distinct family (Beer-Romero et al.
		Supporting the evolutionary connection between heliobacteria and clostridia is the discovery that heliobacteria are, as in the case of clostridia, primarily soil inhabitants (Stevenson et al.
		Studies of the diversity of heliobacteria thus far have shown that members of this group exhibit relatively little morphological variation; cells of heliobacteria are either rod-shaped or weakly spirillum-shaped (Gest and Favinger 1983; Madigan 1992; Ormerod et al.
	www.medical-papers.com /strain+heliobacteria+cells+fig+heliobacterium (600 words)

	Phototrophic Prokaryotes Sequencing Project
		Kimble LK and Madigan MT (1992a) N 2 fixation and nitrogen metabolism in heliobacteria.
		Kimble LK and Madigan MT (2001) Molecular evidence that the capacity for endosporulation is universal among phototrophic heliobacteria.
		Madigan MT and Ormerod JG (1995) Taxonomy, physiology and ecology of heliobacteria.
	genomes.tgen.org /Papers.html (2294 words)

	Water: The Hub of Life
		Another group of non-oxygen-producing bacteria, known as heliobacteria, evolved later and appear to have been the precursors of the forms that produce oxygen as a byproduct.
		The heliobacteria appear to be the most closely related to the common ancestor of the oxygen-producing photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
		Relatives of cyanobacteria appear to have given rise to chloroplasts in algae and green plants - the chloroplasts are the small bodies in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis in modern algae and other plants.
	www.ozh2o.com /h2origin7.html (1308 words)

	LecOut_Photosyn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		cell structure: Eucaryotic (plants and algae) vs Prokaryotic (cyanobacteria, the purple and green photosynthetic bacteria, and the phototrophic heliobacteria).
		anoxygenic photosynthesis (purple and green photosynthetic bacteria, and heliobacteria).
		heliobacteria- photosythetic apparatus is integral to the cytoplasmic membrane.
	faculty.washington.edu /jclara/410/Outlines/Photosyn.html (201 words)

	Bio 230 - Minitest 17
		Color is a good criterion for the identification of isolates as either green bacteria or purple bacteria.
		Heliobacteria are unusual in that they have neither internal photosynthetic membranes like those found in the purple bacteria nor do they have chlorosomes like in the green bacteria,
		In anoxygenic phototrophs, light is used primarily in the generation of ATP, and is not involved in the generation of reducing power as it is in organisms exhibiting oxygenic photosynthesis.
	www.geneseo.edu /~simon/bio230/mintst17.htm (706 words)

	Heliobacteria
		Heliobacteria are strictly anaerobic, spore-forming phototrophic members of the Firmicutes.
		They are presently considered to represent the lowest branch of this phylum suggesting that the Gram-positive bacteria in general derive from a photosynthetic ancestor.
		Correspondingly, heliobacteria appear to be more closely related to oxygenic photosynthesis than the green sulphur bacteria (based on 16S-rRNA phylogeny as well as on trees built from sequences of the photosynthetic reaction centre).
	bip.cnrs-mrs.fr /bip09/helios.html (499 words)

	[No title]
		Bacterial photosynthesis is found in the eubacteria phyla: heliobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, green nonsulfur bacteria, cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria and purple nonsulfur bacteria (Xiong et al.
		However, heliobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and purple sulfur bacteria either use Type I reaction centers or II to capture light and perform cyclic electron transfer through the cytochrome bc/bc1 complex (Xiong and Bauer 2002).
		In heliobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and purple sulfur bacteria either types I or II reaction centers are used to capture light and perform cyclic electron transfer through the cytochrome bc/bc1 process (Xiong and Bauer 2002).
	comenius.susqu.edu /BI/201/01/wardd/CzarPhotosynthesis.doc (2465 words)

	Howstuffworks "Unraveling the Evolution of Photosynthesis"
		Researchers at Indiana University have generated a large set of molecular data that pinpoints non-oxygen-producing bacterial species, such as purple and green bacteria, as the oldest photosynthetic bacteria.
		Another group of non-oxygen-producing bacteria, known as heliobacteria, evolved later, according to the research team led by Dr.
		Further tracing the evolution of photosynthesis, researchers discovered that heliobacteria are the most closely related to the common ancestor of the oxygen-producing photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
	www.howstuffworks.com /news-item215.htm (283 words)

	Scientists unravel ancient evolutionary history of photosynthesis
		By generating a large new molecular data set, Bauer's group, which includes IU postdoctoral fellow Jin Xiong and IU doctoral student William Fischer, has determined that non-oxygen-producing bacterial species such as the purple and green bacteria are the most ancient photosynthetic bacteria.
		The scientists also found that heliobacteria are the most closely related to the common ancestor of the oxygen-producing photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
		Cyanobacteria eventually gave rise to chloroplasts in algae and green plants, and chloroplasts are the small bodies in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis today.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-09/IU-Suae-0609100.php (415 words)

	Bacterium
		Other photosynthetic bacteria undergo different processes which do not produce oxygen.
		These comprise the green sulfur, green non-sulfur[?], purple sulfur[?], purple non-sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria[?].
		This usually includes a second membrane surrounding the cell, but in a few groups this is absent, and instead the cell wall is composed mostly of glycoproteins.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Bacterium.html (801 words)

	Carl Bauer Laboratory: Origin of Microbial Life and Photosynthesis
		Microbiological research has demonstrated that there are currently five known branches of microorganisms that are capable of undertaking chlorophyll based photosynthesis.
		Chloroflexus), the Gram positive organism Heliobacteria, and the oxygen evolving cyanobacteria (i.e.
		Cyanobacteria are the only known bacterial group that are capable of evolving oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
	www.bio.indiana.edu /~bauerlab/origin.html (489 words)

	Tracking molecular evolution of photosynthesis by characterization of a major photosynthesis gene cluster from ...
		Heliobacteria are unique among photosynthetic organisms in that they synthesize a C
		As heliobacteria are obligate anaerobes, it is possible that this
		implicit assumptions are that heliobacteria and green sulfur bacteria
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/25/14851 (4186 words)

	NifH and NifD sequences of heliobacteria: a new lineage in the nitrogenase phylogeny.
		NifH and NifD sequences of heliobacteria: a new lineage in the nitrogenase phylogeny.
		We determined almost complete nifH and nifD genes from representatives of all recognized genera of heliobacteria, the strictly anaerobic phototrophs belonging to the low GC gram-positive bacteria.
		According to the classification of nitrogenase genes in four major clusters, the clade of heliobacterial sequences belonged to cluster I and did not cluster with any of the Clostridium (cluster III) or Paenibacillus (cluster I) species, the close neighbors of heliobacteria based on the 16S rRNA phylogeny.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/15668003 (237 words)

	LOW GC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The second group, the heliobacteria of interest because they are phototrophic and containing bacteriochlorophyll.
		The heliobacteria are agriculturally beneficial because of their ability to perform extensive nitrogen fixation in rice paddy soils, which benefits the production of rice.
		The one exception are the heliobacteria, which carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis, but are also fermentative chemoorganotrophs under appropriate conditions.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~umbls/mb301/loGC.htm (2757 words)

	Antarctica Research
		Molecular probes specific to purple phototrophic bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria were designed in the course of the project and have been successfully used to screen a variety of environmental samples for these types of photosynthetic bacteria (see Available Resources below).
		To facilitate the identification and isolation of psychrophilic photosynthetic bacteria from Antarctic lakes, we designed sets of PCR primers specific to either the 16S rDNA or the M subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center (encoded by the pufM gene) of several groups of photosynthetic bacteria.
		Three sets of 16S rDNA primers were specific to the heliobacteria (Gram-positive phylum), the green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/Antarctica/Research.html (1643 words)

	Photosynthetically active radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Photons at longer wavelengths do not carry enough energy to allow photosynthesis to take place, and plants have developed, through billions of years of evolution, the capacity to scatter these photons away, hence the very high reflectance and transmittance of live green leaves.
		Other living organisms, such as green bacteria, purple bacteria and Heliobacteria, can exploit solar light in slightly extended spectral regions, such as the near-infrared.
		These bacteria live in environments such as the bottom of stagnant ponds, sediment and ocean depths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation (410 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Oxygenics Use Chlorophyll (Chl) Plants and Prochlorophytes - Chl a and b - green Algae - any 2 Chl (a-d) - green, red, brown, gold Cyanobacteria - Chl a only - green Accessory pigments - all use carotenes; Cyanobacteria also have blue phycobilins (but not Prochlorophytes).
		Anoxygenics Use Bacteriochlorophylls (Bchl) Purple bacteria - most Bchl a - red/pink/purple Green bacteria - most Bchl c - olive/brown Heliobacteria - Bchl g - light olive/lime Accessory pigments - all use carotenes; I study unusual Green Nonsulfurs that are purple, with only Bchl a.
		Membranes House Pigments Cyanobacteria/Prochlorophytes - lamellae, thylakoid Purple - lamellae, vesicles Green - chlorosomes Heliobacteria - none, on cell membrane only Contrast with plants/algae (chloroplasts with thylakoids); lamellae/vesicles continuous with cell membrane.
	www.wou.edu /~boomers/Bio331/lectures/UNITONE/lecture04word.doc (314 words)

	The paper
		Heliobacteria (e.g., Heliobacterium chlorum and Heliobacillus mobilis) are in the phylum Gram Positive Bacteria that are strict anaerobes.
		Although the heliobacterial reaction center is similar to photosystem I in that it can reduce NAD+ (or NADP+), it contains a different type of chlorophyll known as bacteriochlorophyll g (Amesz, 1995).
		Amesz, J. (1995) The antenna-reaction center complex of heliobacteria.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /govindjee/paper/gov.html (12489 words)

	Linda Long Resume
		Kimble, L.K., Madigan, M.T.: Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism in heliobacteria.
		Kimble, L.K., Stevenson, A.K., Madigan, M.T.: Chemotrophic growth of heliobacteria in darkness.
		Kimble-Long, L.K., Madigan, M.T.: Molecular evidence that the capacity for endosporulation is universal among phototrophic heliobacteria.
	www.long2consulting.com /linda.htm (686 words)

	ScienceDaily: Scientists Unravel Ancient Evolutionary History Of Photosynthesis
		By generating a large new molecular data set, Bauer's group, which includes IU postdoctoral fellow Jin Xiong and IU doctoral student William Fischer, has determined that non-oxygen-producing bacterial species such as the purple and green bacteria are the most ancient photosynthetic bacteria.
		The scientists also found that heliobacteria are the most closely related to the common ancestor of the oxygen-producing photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
		Cyanobacteria eventually gave rise to chloroplasts in algae and green plants, and chloroplasts are the small bodies in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis today.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/09/000913211733.htm (814 words)

	Heliobacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Most are rods, some are curved rods or spirilla
		Major absorbtion peak at 790nm -- unique to heliobacteria
		Absorbtion spectrum suggests heliobacteria can grow under a cyanobacterial mat
	www.life.umd.edu /labs/delwiche/PSlife/lectures/Heliobact.html (101 words)

	Photosynthetic Reaction Centers -- Hillier and Babcock 125 (1): 33 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
		Type I is subdivided into three classes: PSI, green sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria (see text).
		In Type II RCs, quinones are used as the first "stable" electron acceptors (left).
		Further differentiation in photosynthetic organisms is found in the structure and arrangement of the antenna pigments associated
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/125/1/33 (2093 words)

	Valley Advocate: The Plague Within (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A couple of weeks ago a study showed that a high proportion of babies dying of SIDS are infected with Heliobacteria.
		It's actually 80 percent of the babies autopsied in one study who had Heliobacteria.
		SIDS has been a big mystery for years and years.
	old.valleyadvocate.com /articles/plaguewithin.html (2386 words)

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