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Topic: Heliosheath

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	Heliosheath - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The heliosheath is the zone between the termination shock and the heliopause at the outer border of the solar system.
		The heliosheath's distance from the Sun is approximately 80 to 100 astronomical units (AU).
		In May 2005, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had crossed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath in December 2004, at a distance of 94 AU.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heliosheath (175 words)

	Heliopause - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inside the heliopause is a boundary called the "termination shock" where supersonic solar wind particles are slowed to subsonic speeds by the interstellar medium.
		The layer between the termination shock and the heliopause is known as the heliosheath.
		On May 24, 2005 NASA announced consensus that Voyager 1 had passed the termination shock and is now in the heliosheath, with the possibility of reaching the heliopause.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heliopause (381 words)

	Heliosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The outer surface of the heliosheath, where the heliosphere meets the interstellar medium, is called the heliopause.
		In May 2005, it was announced that Voyager 1 had crossed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath in December 2004, at a distance of 94 AU.
		The solar wind consists of particles, ionized atoms from the solar corona, and fields, in particular magnetic fields.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heliosphere (344 words)

	Heliosheath - Wikipedia
		Heliosheath (bahasa Indonesia: selubung surya) adalah zona antara gelombang kejut (termination shock) dan heliopause di perbatasan luar tata surya.
		Misi penjelajah luar angkasa Voyager 1 dan Voyager 2 saat ini termasuk meneliti heliosheath tersebut.
		Pada Mei 2005, dilaporkan bahwa Voyager 1 telah melewati termination shock dan memasuki heliosheath pada Desember 2004, pada jarak 94 AU.
	id.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heliosheath (150 words)

	[No title]
		At the outer edge of the heliosphere, is the heliosheath, a transition or border region where the solar wind is directly influenced by the pressure of the interstellar clouds through which our solar system travels.
		Uncertainly about when Voyager 1 entered the heliosheath, stems from the fact that the exact location and size of this transition region are not static, but change based on the relative pressures of the solar wind and the opposing interstellar clouds.
		The beginning of the heliosheath region is marked by the termination shock, the point at which the solar wind abruptly slows.
	www.physorg.com /printnews.php?newsid=6741 (839 words)

	ANGEO - Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The interest in the role of the solar wind termination shock and heliosheath in cosmic ray modulation studies has increased significantly as the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft approach the estimated position of the solar wind termination shock.
		The effect of the solar wind termination shock on charge-sign dependent modulation, as is experienced by galactic cosmic ray Helium (He) and anomalous Helium (He), is the main topic of this work, and is complementary to the previous work on protons, anti-protons, electrons, and positrons.
		We found that the heliosheath is important for cosmic ray modulation and that its effect on modulation is very similar for protons and Helium.
	www.copernicus.org /site/EGU/annales/22/8/3063.htm?FrameEngine=false (223 words)

	Solar wind termination shock and heliosheath effects on the modulation of protons and antiprotons
		The interest in the role of the solar wind termination shock (TS) and heliosheath in cosmic ray modulation studies has increased significantly as the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft approach the estimated position of the TS.
		is surprisingly different from p and that the heliosheath is important for cosmic ray modulation.
		The local proton interstellar spectrum may not be known at energies <∼1 GeV until a spacecraft actually approaches the heliopause because of the strong modulation that occurs in the heliosheath, the effect of the TS, and the presence of anomalous protons.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003JA010158.shtml (372 words)

	NASA - Top Story - Voyager approaching solar system's final frontier
		The heliosheath is a vast region where the solar wind is turbulent and hot (dark purple area in Image 2).
		The interstellar wind collides with the heliosheath and forms a structure called the bow shock (red and orange areas in Image 2), forcing the heliosheath into a long, teardrop shaped structure.
		The bow shock is represented by the yellow-orange, crescent-shaped structure in Image 6, and the heliosheath is the faint blue teardrop shaped area in the same image.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/1105voyager.html (2333 words)

	[72.08] Magnetic Effects and our Changing View of the Heliosheath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The region between the Termination Shock and the Heliopause, the Heliosheath, is one of the most unknown regions theoretically.
		In the Heliosheath magnetic effects are crucial, as the solar magnetic field is compressed at the Termination Shock by the slowing flow.
		Further studies which include additional effects such as the tilt between the solar rotation axis and the magnetic axis, are required before we can definitively address the structure and dynamics of the outer heliosphere.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v36n2/aas204/785.htm (306 words)

	Voyager 1 enters heliosheath at edge of solar system - Wikinews
		The Voyager 1 spacecraft, launched in 1977 to explore the planets, is now agreed by scientists to have entered the heliosheath at the edge of the solar system 8.7 billion miles (14 billion kilometers) from the Sun.
		The termination shock is the area preceding the heliosheath, where the electrically charged solar wind is slowed and concentrated by contact with interstellar gas.
		Around it is the heliopause, a cosmic bubble where the pressure of solar wind and interstellar wind is in balance.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/Voyager_1_enters_heliosheath_at_edge_of_solar_system (505 words)

	Voyager At Edge Of Solar System
		When it entered the heliosheath, it was 8.7 billion miles away -- the farthest any manmade object has traveled.
		The heliosheath is the heliosphere's outer frontier, a zone where the solar wind begins to dissipate.
		This process begins at termination shock and is marked by a sudden drop in the speed of the solar wind and a corresponding build-up in heat and the strength of the magnetic field.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/24/AR2005052401434_pf.html (716 words)

	[No title]
		It is appropriate to consider the VIM as three distinct phases: the termination shock, heliosheath exploration, and interstellar exploration phases.
		The heliosheath exploration phase ends with passage through the heliopause which is the outer extent of the Suns magnetic field and solar wind.
		The thickness of the heliosheath is uncertain and could be tens of AU thick, taking several years to traverse.
	www.csulb.edu /colleges/coe/ae/engr370i/ch2/ch2_5_3.html (1208 words)

	Evolution of pickup proton spectra in the inner heliosheath and their diagnostics by energetic neutral atom fluxes
		The spatial evolution of pickup protons moving from the termination shock outward to the heliopause, after having suffered stochastic preacceleration in the supersonic solar wind, is studied taking into account ongoing velocity diffusion of the protons in the turbulent Alfvénic fluctuation field.
		It is shown that spectra of pickup protons in the inner heliosheath are substantially different from those in the region inside the termination shock.
		Differential fluxes of energetic neutral atoms originating from pickup protons by charge exchange with interstellar hydrogen atoms in the inner heliosheath and arriving at 1 AU are calculated.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JA009492.shtml (296 words)

	Universe Today - Voyager 1 Enters the Heliosheath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At the termination shock, the solar wind slows abruptly from a speed that ranges from 700,000 to 1.5 million miles per hour and becomes denser and hotter.
		The consensus of the team is that Voyager 1, at approximately 8.7 billion miles from the Sun, has at last entered the heliosheath, the region beyond the termination shock.
		Predicting the location of the termination shock was hard, because the precise conditions in interstellar space are unknown.
	universetoday.com /am/publish/printer_voyager_enters_heliosheath.html (609 words)

	ISP(page08).html
		A low beta plasma in the inner heliosheath is pressed against what is probably either a low beta or O[1] beta interstellar plasma in the outer heliosheath.
		The resulting polarity "envelopes" are relatively short, in comparison to the cross-sectional size of the heliotail because the flow speed of the solar wind plasma in the inner heliosheath is extremely small.
		The ideal concept of the IMF is that it is carried into smooth Archimedian spirals by the expansion of the solar wind and the rotation of the Sun.
	science.nasa.gov /ssl/pad/solar/suess/Interstellar_Probe/IMF/IMF.html (2073 words)

	The Voyager Interstellar Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Termination Shock is where the million miles-an-hour solar winds slow to roughly a quarter that speed.
		The Heliosheath is an area still largely dominated by the Sun's rays, but the solar rays are expected to slow from supersonic speeds to subsonic speeds in this direction.
		The depth of the Heliosheath is unknown, and possibly tens of AU thick.
	nincorporated.tripod.com /vim/vim.html (215 words)

	ASTRA - Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Heliosheath ENA's with energies of about a few KeV originate from charge exchange reactions of H-atoms both with the shocked solar wind protons and with pick-up protons downstream of the termination shock.
		In this article we calculate on the basis of the five-fluid Bonn model the time-dependent ENA fluxes that are connected with these three sources and compare them.
		It will be demonstrated that the heliosheath ENA fluxes dominate from nearly all directions over the inner heliospheric ENA fluxes, though the best chances to disentangle the contributions appear in upwind and downwind direction at specific periods of the solar activity cycle.
	www.astra-science.net /site/volumes/v1/as-1-3.html?FrameEngine=false (218 words)

	ABSTRACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Voyager 1 magnetic field observations do not support the view that Voyager 1 passed from the solar wind to a subsonic region such as the heliosheath and back to the solar wind near 85 AU during 2002.
		The relation between the V1 magnetic field strength variations and the cosmic ray variations during that interval is also consistent with previous observations in the solar wind.
		In late 2003 as Voyager 1 moves beyond 90 AU in the recovery phase of solar cycle 23, the effects of the termination shock (TS) and the heliosheath on particle transport are becoming more evident.
	scicolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov /Burlaga.html (425 words)

	Voyager approaching solar system's final frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The heliosheath is a vast region where the solar wind is turbulent and hot (dark purple area).
		The interstellar wind collides with the heliosheath and forms a structure called the bow shock (red and orange areas), forcing the heliosheath into a long, teardrop shaped structure.
		However, before it reaches this region, Voyager 1 must pass through the termination shock, a violent zone that is the source of beams of high-energy particles.
	www.science-estore.com /News/110503Voyager1.cfm (1487 words)

	Spaceflight News Discussion Forum -> Voyager 1 Enters Solar System's Final Frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At the termination shock, the solar wind slows abruptly from a speed that ranges from 700,000 to 1.5 million mph and becomes denser and hotter.
		The heliosheath is the outer region of the heliosphere.
		The heliosheath is just beyond the termination shock, the point where the solar wind slows abruptly, becoming denser and hotter.
	www.spaceflightnews.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=958 (2891 words)

	SI 9Hydrogen wall and heliosheath Ly-alpha absorption toward nearby stars: possible constraints on the heliospheric ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A self-consistent model of the solar wind interaction with the two-component (plasma and H atoms) interstellar medium is employed to calculate heliospheric Lyman-alpha absorption spectra.
		It is shown that the heliospheric absorption consists of absorption in the hydrogen wall region and in the heliosheath.
		Results of the comparison and possible constraints on the structure of the heliospheric interface are presented and discussed.
	www.arcetri.astro.it /~solwind/abstract/node17.html (139 words)

	ISP-ObservObj.html
		Beyond the termination shock the IMF is further amplified as the solar wind in the inner heliosheath is slowed and turned.
		But, because of the amplification in the inner heliosheath, it is possible for the field to become strong enough to affect the flow near the stagnation point between the solar wind outflow and the incoming interstellar plasma flow, at the front of the heliopause in the upstream direction.
		At the same time, the magnetic field is being amplified by "pile-up" as it is carried towards the stagnation point in the upstream direction.
	science.nasa.gov /ssl/pad/solar/suess/Interstellar_Probe/ISP-ObservObj.html (2694 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Voyager spacecraft ventures into mysterious realm
		Stone likened the shocks to the waves generated ahead of the bow of a moving ship as the water is pushed forward and compacted.
		Voyager 1 is traveling a lot and has crossed into the heliosheath, the region where interstellar gas and solar wind start to mix.
		The entire heliosphere is impacted by the 11-year solar cycle, and Dr. Stone said Voyager team members believe the boundaries marking the edge of the solar system actually expand and contract as the Sun's activity level changes.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0505/24voyager1 (1629 words)

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