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Topic: Helluland

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	Helluland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Helluland is the name given to one of the three lands discovered by Leif Eriksson sometime around 1000 CE on the North Atlantic coast of North America.
		Helluland was characterized in the Icelandic sagas as a land large flat stones (from which it earns its name "Helluland" or "Land of Flat Stones").
		This leads historians to guess that Helluland was Baffin Island in the Canadian territory of Nunavut.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Helluland (191 words)

	Pre-Columbian Discovery of America
		History is silent as to later voyages to Helluland, but the role played by the Land of Stone is all the more important in legend and song, in which its situation changes at will.
		The Helluland of history lay to the south of western Greenland, but the poetic Helluland was located in northeast Greenland.
		Setting out from Helluland, after two runs of twelve hours each, the daring mariners came to a land remarkable for its wealth of timber which they reached "with the help of the north wind".
	catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/america,pre-columbian_discovery_of.html (7697 words)

	Nunatsiaq News
		Helluland is the name the sagas gave to the land of rocks and glaciers the Vikings found west of Greenland.
		Sutherland, who is leading the Helluland Archeology Project and who curated the CMC exhibition, can’t rule out the possibility of earlier visits by Irish monks or other seafaring peoples.
		Among the pieces included in the Helluland exhibition are a three-metre length of yarn and a shorter remnant of two-ply yarn.
	www.nunatsiaq.com /archives/nunavut020712/news/features/20712_3.html (787 words)

	Civilization.ca - Strangers, Partners, Neighbours? - Spun Cordage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cordage found in Helluland collections is not made from sheep or goat wool, but from the fur of other animals: Arctic hare, fox, and dog.
		This seems to indicate that the Helluland cordage was made locally rather than being imported from the Norse colonies.
		The evenness of the spun cordage from Helluland sites, and the fact that it is made from fibres that are difficult to spin, indicates the work of experienced artisans.
	www.vmnf.civilization.ca /archeo/helluland/str0401e.html (154 words)

	Northvegr - The Norse Discovery of America
		These notices necessarily partake of the character of the sagas in which they appear, and as these sagas are in a greater or less degree pure fictions, the references cannot be regarded as possessing much historical value.
		Belonging to a class of fictitious sagas known as "landvættasogur" [stories of a country's guardian spirits], is the folk-tale of Bard the Snow-fell god.
		The Helluland of these stories is an unknown region, relegated, in the popular superstition, to the trackless wastes of northern Greenland.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/norse/017.php (462 words)

	Encyclopedia: Helluland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Dorset culture preceded the Inuit culture in Arctic North America.
		Viking colonisation site at LAnse-aux-Meadows LAnse aux Meadows (from the French LAnse-aux-Méduses (Jellyfish Cove)) is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by...
		But whatever the unfortunate sailors sought on the shores of Markland, it is an undoubted fact that in the middle of the fourteenth century Markland had not been forgotten by the people of Iceland, who spoke and wrote of it as a country generally known.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Helluland (659 words)

	Markland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Markland is the name given to an area of unknown location, named by Leif Ericson when visiting North America.
		Markland, for "treeland," is known to be north of Vinland and south of Helluland.
		Ericson's crew cut down trees and took them to Greenland, because Greenland has no trees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Markland (126 words)

	Helluland
		Helluland var det navn som Leif den Lykkelige gav det område, han opdagede omkring år 1000.
		Man er rimeligt sikker på at det Leif den Lykkelige kaldte Helluland er det vi idag kalder Baffin Island.
		Helluland mindede meget om Grønland, og var et land med sten og gletsjere.
	www.netleksikon.dk /h/he/helluland.shtml (100 words)

	Nunavut - Wikipedia
		Most historians also identify the coast of Baffin Island with the Helluland described in Norse sagas, so it is possible that the inhabitants of the region had occasional contact with Norse sailors.
		For more information on the earliest inhabitants and explorers of Nunavut, see Paleoeskimo, Neoeskimo and Helluland.
		The recorded history of Nunavut began in 1576.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nunavut (406 words)

	The Last Viking: Helluland, Markland and Vinland
		As far as Helluland is concerned, however, this "land" seems to have been noteworthy for large flat rocks and little else.
		This is not to suggest that they were ignored, but rather that they have not necessarily been granted the priority that their relative positions might merit.
		It is also strange that the map does not mention either Helluland or Markland - the latter, in particular, must have been important as a source of timber to the Greenlanders who first came to America.
	www.spirasolaris.ca /sbb4g1ev.html (16189 words)

	Helluland 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Helluland is believed to be southern Baffin Island, high in the Canadian Arctic, as its name means "Flatstone Land", which describes the area perfectly.
		Although Helluland would have been the first landmark for the Vikings trying to find Vinland, it is only briefly mentioned in the sagas.
		However, it is through the descriptions of the area in the sagas that we can suggest that southern Baffin Island is Helluland.
	www.hatii.arts.gla.ac.uk /MultimediaStudentProjects/99-00/9606947w/html/Helluland.htm (239 words)

	Helluland/Markland Archeology
		In many ways, the story of the Norse in Helluland and Markland is an archeological story, whereas the story of the Vikings in Vinland is mostly a saga story.
		The Vinland sagas tell of chance meetings with skraelings in Markland, but as in the case of Vinland, there is little archeological evidence for such contact.
		Virtually all of these finds date to the four centuries after the Vinland voyages and are found in Dorset and Thule Inuit sites in the Canadian Arctic and northern Greenland.
	www.mnh.si.edu /vikings/voyage/subset/markland/archeo.html (880 words)

	PastPresented: Vinland in medieval geography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Beyond Greenland, southward, is Helluland; beyond that is Markland; from thence it is not far to Vinland, which some men are of the opinion extends to Africa.
		South of Greenland is Helluland; next is Markland, from thence it is not far to Vinland the Good, which some think goes to Africa; and if this is so, the sea must extend between Vinland and Markland.
		It is told that Thorfinn Karlsefne cut wood here to ornament his house, and went afterwards to seek out Vinland the Good.
	homepages.tesco.net /~trochos/vinland/nicholas.htm (665 words)

	Civilization.ca - Strangers, Partners, Neighbours? - Helluland Archaeology Project
		The Helluland Archaeology Project is an ongoing research initiative at the Canadian Museum of Civilization.
		Helluland was the name given by the Norse to a barren land of rocks and glaciers to the west of Greenland, and likely refers to Baffin Island and adjacent regions of the eastern Canadian Arctic.
		The project is aimed at investigating relationships between the aboriginal peoples and early Europeans who met in the eastern Arctic in the centuries around A.D. Northern Labrador
	www.civilization.ca /archeo/helluland/str0101e.html (77 words)

	Discovering Helluland - www.ezboard.com
		Helluland is the name the sagas gave to the land of rocks and glaciers the
		Sutherland, who is leading the Helluland Archeology Project and who curated
		Among the pieces included in the Helluland exhibition are a three-metre
	p074.ezboard.com /ffadrashaforumsfrm40.showMessage?topicID=46.topic (655 words)

	Alexandria Township (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thompson, seconded by Casper, made a motion to approve the minutes of the January 21, 2004 meeting as written.
		Reineke have lived on the road for twenty years and do not want the road name changed.
		Chairman Thalman spoke in favor of having the two portions of the road having different names: the older portion to remain as Helluland Trail and the newer portion be named Donway Drive.
	www.alexandriatownship.org /news/2004_0202_minutes.html (914 words)

	Helluland and Markland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was greeted with the sight of numerous large flat stones, which met and stopped where large great mountains of ice began.
		It was a land entirely devoid of good qualities, he decided, and, before sailing away, Leif named this new land Helluland (flat stone land).
		Leif named this place Markland (Wood Land) and it was most probably Labrador Island.
	www.viking.no /e/people/leif/e-hellu.htm (114 words)

	Amerika
		Han navngav de fire forskelige dele Markland fordi det var skovbevokset, Vinland fordi det var fuld af vinranker som Frankrig (det ligger på samme breddegrader.
		Tundra?) Bjørneø, fordi den var fuld af isbjørne, Helluland fordi det var fuld af sten.
		Helluland havde indlandsis, det kunne han se på dens genskær på himlen.
	www.netleksikon.dk /a/am/amerika.shtml (1267 words)

	The norse settlers in Greenland - A short history
		Soon hereafter, the first Christian church on the North American continent, Thjódhildur's Church, is built at Brattahlid.
		Leif Eriksson discovers and names land in present-day Canada: Helluland, Markland and Vinland.
		Thus, he becomes the first person of European origin ever to set foot on the North American mainland.
	www.greenland-guide.gl /leif2000/history.htm (571 words)

	Re: [CTRL] Did The Vikings Name America?
		-Caveat Lector- Helluland, Markland, and Vinland are well-attested from the sagas.
		In its simplest translation from the largely > four-letter language of the Viking discoverers of the New World, > it means "the remotest land".
		The various parts of the New World > were referred to in the Icelandic Sagas as Helluland (Stoneland), > Markland (Woodland) and Vineland (Wineland).
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg31161.html (319 words)

	Re: Hines relies too much on Seaver, methinks
		Looking at the text, we can discern a geographical sequence in Adam's numerical listing, so we can be fairly certain that King Svein was giving him a pretty accurate and logical account of the North Atlantic lands known to the Norse explorers, and that "Halagland" was the "Helluland" of the sagas.
		As pointed out in the scholion (probably not written by Adam himself) the real Halagland/Helgeland is a part of the Norwegian mainland.
		Most of Adam's information about Halagland, including the Midnight Sun, relates to the real Helgeland- and his "nearer to Norway" would seem to be an attempt to reconcile Svein's description of Helluland (not really Halagland), over the sea with the other description of Helgeland (aka Halagland), part of Norway.
	www.talkaboutabook.com /group/alt.books.tom-clancy/messages/258322.html (629 words)

	Lay of Helluland and Markland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		First they found a land which was like a one stone slab with ice cap on the top.
		He gave it the name Helluland which literally means Stone slab land.
		He thought it was a land without any qualities.
	www.fva.is /~vinland/english/e_stadhaettir/e_hellulandmarkland.html (105 words)

	A Yarn Tells a Story
		Because yarn was not generally used by the Dorset people, it is thought that it would have been more of a curiosity item, and suggests of a visit to the region by a Norse ship.
		As a result of this discovery, the Canadian Museum of Civilization is now conducting the Helluland Archaeology Project that could reveal additional information about the contacts between the Norse and the Aboriginal peoples of the eastern Arctic.
		Patricia Sutherland has found additional evidence of spun yarn and worked wood at other Baffin Island sites that are characteristic of technologies of medieval Europe.
	www.allfiberarts.com /library/aa00/aa110700.htm (445 words)

	Vikings in the New World: Overview
		Erik the Red's son Leif went to see Bjarni, bought his ship and engaged a crew to go and explore the lands that Bjarni had sighted.
		The first land they came to was covered by glacier in the interior with a rocky shore which Leif named Helluland (meaning Slab-land), probably Baffin Island.
		The second land was flat and wooded with white sandy beaches which Leif named Markland (forest land) probably northern Labrador.
	members.aol.com /bakken1/viking/oview.htm (1877 words)

	Site of KANWULF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Leif navigate along the shore during several weeks and named three areas of this new ground :
		Vinland was undoubtedly Cape Cod, Maskland was to be New-Scotia, and Helluland, Terre-Neuve or Labrador.
		His account urged his brother to be left for the New World ; but, he did not have as much chance than Leif, since having founded a colony on the spot, he ran up against the autochtones, hostile with their presence.
	pvaineau.club.fr /leifang.html (277 words)

	Leif Ericson Biography (from ODIN)
		He appears to have followed Bjarni's route in reverse, making three landfalls.
		The first of these he named Helluland, or Flat-Stone Land, now generally regarded as having been Labrador.
		The second was Markland, or Wood Land, possibly Newfoundland.
	www.mnc.net /norway/ericson.htm (483 words)

	PastPresented: Vinland in medieval geography
		Here in summer, for fourteen days continuously around the solstice, one sees the sun above the land, and in winter similarly for the same number of days it is absent.
		[Yes, we're in Norway's famous " Land of the Midnight Sun"- for this to be Helluland, it would have to be north of the Cumberland Peninsula on Baffin Island; and apart from the folly of making such a trip in midwinter, the midnight phenomena would be seen better from Greenland's south-west facing coast.
		[Although this is still confusing Helluland with Halgoland, some have taken it as evidence that King Sven took part in a large trans-Atlantic expedition]
	homepages.tesco.net /~trochos/vinland/adam.htm (1135 words)

	Canadian Explorers - EnchantedLearning.com
		Hearing of Herjulfsson's discovery, Ericsson sailed for North America in the year 1000 with a crew of 35.
		He landed in what is probably southern Baffin Island (which he called Helluland, meaning the "land of the flat stone").
		He then went on the what is now Labrador (which he called Markland, meaning "forest land").
	www.enchantedlearning.com /explorers/canada.shtml (3421 words)

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