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Topic: Helminth

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		These helminths have complex life cycles, but the need to understand these, or even to define precisely the target organism, has been eliminated with the advent of broad-spectrum anthelminthics (deworming drugs) that are effective against all the common species.
		However, eradication of helminth infection is not necessary for reducing the disease and consequences associated with heavy infections.
		Illness from helminth infection is generally assessed on a regional or provincial level since it is unlikely to be a homogeneous national problem.
	www.worldbank.org /html/extdr/hnp/hddflash/hcwp/hrwp005.html (4199 words)

	Ovamed - Administration - Helminth Therapy
		Helminths also alter immune responses in animal experiments showing that this is a general feature of these organisms (12;16;17) (18-20).
		Helminths inhibit onset of autoimmune diabetes in mice (24;25).
		An medicinal helminth should, 1) produce self-limited colonization in humans, 2) have no potential to cause human disease, 3) not replicate in the host, 4) not be transmissible, and 5) be free of other contaminating agents or organisms.
	www.ovamed.de /english/helminth/listhelminth.php (2875 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Although patterns of distribution for all helminth species were overdispersed, the high prevalence found for all species (over 70%) and the high abundance observed for nematodes made it difficult to assess the effect that these helminths may produce on capybaras.
		Helminths were counted under a stereomicroscope and species identification was done under the guidance of R Guerrero, a parasitologist at Universidad Central de Venezuela.
		Helminth intensity was independent of the age of capybaras, since we found no significant differences between adults and subadults for all helminth species (Table II).
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc04119 (2560 words)

	Helminth Parasites of Man
		This page aims to introduce the student to the diversity of helminth infections in man, and even more importantly, to the numbers of individuals that harbour these infections in all regions of the world.
		There are three major groups of helminths containing members that have man as their main hosts, these being the Digenean Flukes, the Tapeworms (Cestodes), and the Roundworms (Nematodes).
		This is much lower than in the recent past, when up to 50 million people were infected, and this reduction illustrates how successfull helminth control programs can be effective in reducing the disease caused by these organisms.
	www.path.cam.ac.uk /~schisto/General_Parasitology/Hm.helminths.html (917 words)

	Helminth Infections
		The global prevalence and number of cases of intestinal helminth infection in school-age children are estimated at 35 percent (320 million) for roundworm, 25 percent (233 million) for whipworm, and 26 percent (239 million) for hookworm (Partnership for Child Development, 1997).
		Helminth infections also contribute to poor appetite and decreased food intake, which contribute to malnutrition, anemia, and other poor states of health and result in impairment of learning and poor school performance.
		Children who have heavy helminth infections are more likely to be absent from school for a greater proportion of the time than those who are lightly infected or worm free (Nokes & Bundy, 1993).
	www.schoolsanitation.org /Why/Helminth.html (307 words)

	Distribution and impact of helminth diseases of livestock in developing countries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Direct host-to-host transfer in helminth infections is restricted to a few parasites where prenatal infections from the mother to the growing embryo may occur and to transmission via skin penetration.
		In addition to the helminth infections which cause direct economic losses due to reduced animal production yet another dimension is added by the fact that several helminth infections can be transmitted to man (zoonoses).
		A successful control of helminth diseases is highly dependent on available information on local conditions and the strength of the extension service transferring this knowledge to the farmer.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/T0584E/T0584E01.htm (430 words)

	Helminth- and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Immunity in Children Sensitized In Utero to Filariasis and ...
		Helminth- and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Immunity in Children Sensitized In Utero to Filariasis and Schistosomiasis -- Malhotra et al.
		Helminth- and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Induced Immunity in Children Sensitized In Utero to Filariasis and Schistosomiasis
		to helminths and immunity induced by BCG in a cohort of infants
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/162/11/6843 (4883 words)

	Aquatic Pathogens-Helminth Worms
		Many medically important helminths require the invasion, resulting in damage, illness or even death, of a suitable host to complete all or part of their life cycle.
		Soil-transmitted helminthic infections are of two types, the hookworms, which undergo a cycle of development in the soil, the larvae being actively infective, and a group of nematodes that survive in the soil merely as eggs that have to be passively ingested in order for the cycle to continue.
		It is the most common helminthic infection in the United States with estimates of 40 million persons or 20% of the population infected.
	www.env.gov.bc.ca /wat/wq/reference/helminth.html (12394 words)

	AEGiS-11CROI: The Effect of Treating Helminth Infections on HIV.
		This study determined the prevalence of helminth infection in the ambulatory adult population living in Lilongwe, symptoms associated with helminth infections, determine if worm infection differs by HIV status and if HIVRNA changes with appropriate treatment.
		Helminth infection was found in 94/389 clients (overall prevalence 24%; geohelminths infection was 20%; schistosomiasis was 6%).
		Helminth infections were significantly more likely to occur in HIV-negative patients (32% vs 15%, p <0.001 for geohelminths, 11% vs 4% for schistosomiasis, p = 0.008).
	www.aegis.com /conferences/croi/2004/576.html (427 words)

	helminth - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		picture of Helminth worm, treatment of diseases caused by helminth worms
		Helminth: treatment of diseases caused by helminth worms
		Anthelmintic Drugs, medicinal drugs used to rid humans or other host animals of infestations by parasitic worms such as tapeworms, roundworms,...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /helminth.html (49 words)

	Helminth Infection and Raised CD4 Count Linked in HIV Infection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Infection with the helminth worm Mansonella perstans seems unexpectedly to slow progression of HIV disease in some patients, according to researchers working in Uganda.
		In an effort to treat other worm infections, all patients infected with helminths were treated with 400 mg of albendazole, although this was not expected to have an impact on the hard-to-treat M. perstans.
		The researchers compared patients whose infection persisted over the 6 months to those who were rid of the helminth at follow-up.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/developing/051403h.html (394 words)

	Maternal helminth infection may be an HIV transmission risk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In pregnant women with HIV and helminth infections, it is probably a good idea to treat the helminth infection, "ideally during the beginning of the second trimester before the fetal immune system becomes competent (e.g.
		King and colleagues investigated whether pregnant women coinfected with malaria or helminths have an increased risk for mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a Kenyan population in which urinary schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, intestinal helminths, and HIV are endemic.
		HIV-positive women coinfected with helminths were about seven times as likely as other women to have children infected with HIV at 1 year of age, the results indicate.
	www.aidsmeds.com /news/20051209clin007.html (494 words)

	An Enteric Helminth Infection Protects Against an Allergic Response to Dietary Antigen -- Bashir et al. 169 (6): 3284 ...
		stimuli (induced by infection with helminthic parasites) is
		Protocol B, The influence of helminth infection on the allergic response to two oral administrations of PN Ag plus CT was assessed.
		Infection of mice with the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis suppresses pulmonary allergic responses to ovalbumin.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/169/6/3284 (5618 words)

	Concurrent Infection with an Intestinal Helminth Parasite Impairs Host Resistance to Enteric Citrobacter rodentium and ...
		dysregulation induced by helminth parasites and the overlapping
		polarizing helminth parasite infection on the pathogenesis of
		Concurrent enteric helminth infection modulates inflammation and gastric immune responses and reduces helicobacter-induced gastric atrophy.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/9/5468 (6345 words)

	Worm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many insect larvae are called worms, such as the railroad worm, woodworm, glowworm, bloodworm or silkworm.
		Worms may also be called helminths, especially in medical or terminology when referring to parasitic worms, especially the Nematoda (roundworms) and Cestoda (tapeworms).
		Hence "helminthology" is the study of parasitic worms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Helminth (298 words)

	Infection with the Helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Does Not Interfere with Efficient Elimination of Mycobacterium ...
		Infection with the Helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Does Not Interfere with Efficient Elimination of Mycobacterium bovis BCG from the Lungs of Mice -- Erb et al.
		we coinfected mice with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
		L3 larvae of the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and intranasally
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/9/3/727 (2310 words)

	JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002; 31(1):56-62 Copyright © 2002 Lippincott Williams & ...
		We have previously suggested that helminthic infections make the host more susceptible to HIV infection and enhance its progression due to the chronic immune activation they cause.
		After treatment of helminths, the 6-month change in HIV plasma VL was significantly different between the successfully treated group and the persistently helminth-positive group (p =.04)
		Helminth "load" is correlated to HIV plasma VL, and successful deworming is associated with a significant decrease in HIV plasma VL.
	www.healtoronto.com /helminths.html (353 words)

	DCPP - 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While soil–transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosomiasis together account for 150,000 deaths annually, the global prevalence of infection is close to 3 billion.
		The severe anemia triggered by helminth infections can cause faltering growth, decreased physical fitness, and behavior–related problems in children; neonatal prematurity, reduced birth weight, and poor lactation in mothers; and chronic urinary and kidney problems among adults.
		Regular deworming helps reduce malnutrition and improves motor and language development in very young children; has a positive effect on nutritional status, physical fitness, growth, and language development in school–age children; and improves maternal hemoglobin as well as birth weight and child survival.
	www.dcp2.org.cob-web.org:8888 /pubs/DCP/24 (452 words)

	Species diversity of helminth parasites in Chrysemys s. scripta from a variety of habitats in South Carolina.
		The species diversity and means number of parasite species per host were computed for the enteric helminth communities of 78 Chrysemys s.
		The most common helminth species were the nematode Spinonoura chelydrae and the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus pseudemydis.
		Scripta is related to habitat stability or predictability, but may also be a function of the complexity of parasite life cycles.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/0629.htm (204 words)

	Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ...
		The focus of the Helminth Immunology Section of the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases is the study of host resistance and immune regulation in parasitic helminth infections of global importance.
		Because the immune response to helminth parasites has all of the hallmarks of immediate hypersensitivity reactions with tissue and blood eosinophilia, IgE and IgG4 elevations, and the presence of tissue mast cells and basophils understanding the regulation of each of these processes is of paramount importance.
		The clinically based research in the Helminth Immunology Section has focused on four major themes: definition of clinical syndromes and the pathogenesis underlying them, chemotherapy, prevention of post-treatment adverse reactions, new methods for diagnosis.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /dir/labs/lpd/nutman.htm (613 words)

	HELMINTH INFECTION AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG FILIPINO CHILDREN -- EZEAMAMA et al. 72 (5): 540 -- American Journal ...
		Helminth infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality
		Effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomised trials.
		Helminthic infection and anthropometric indicators in children from a tropical slum: Ascaris reinfection after anthelmintic treatment.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/72/5/540 (4232 words)

	Vector and helminth population dynamics
		Investigations of the population dynamics of helminth infections are useful in that they lead to mathematical models that can be used to design and communicate rational strategies for parasite control.
		During the 1980s, veterinary helminth models became much more like medical helminth models in that they were more concerned with the efficacy of proposed parasite control strategies.
		Unlike helminth parasites of wildlife, where many hosts may escape infection altogether, helminth parasites of domestic species maintained at the highest possible stocking rates are usually found in high number in every host (Figure 5).
	www.fao.org /wairdocs/ilri/x5441e/x5441e05.htm (14014 words)

	Immunology of Parasitic Helminth Infections -- MacDonald et al. 70 (2): 427 -- Infection and Immunity
		Immunology of Parasitic Helminth Infections -- MacDonald et al.
		Many helminth parasites are long-lived and cause chronic infections.
		by helminths (26, 43), and, in the case of nematodes at least,
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/2/427 (5943 words)

	Treatment for intestinal helminth infection -- Michael et al. 321 (7270): 1224 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Dickson et al's meta-analysis of the effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive
		Secondly, some psychologists have suggested that helminth infections may occasionally be beneficial for cognitive function.
		Helminth infections of humans: mathematical models, population dynamics and control.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/321/7270/1224/b (2352 words)

	Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by helminth-induced regulatory T cells -- Wilson et al. 202 (9): 1199 -- ...
		Antigen-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness in a chronic human helminth infection is mediated by Th3/Tr1-type cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-ß but not by a Th1 to Th2 shift.
		Regulation of the immune response by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms.
		Helminth infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/202/9/1199 (6135 words)

	In Utero Exposure to Helminth and Mycobacterial Antigens Generates Cytokine Responses Similar to That Observed in ...
		Helminth and mycobacterial Ags induce a similar pattern of cytokine production in their mothers.
		Helminth Ag-specific hyporesponsiveness observed among infected individuals with schistosomiasis or filariasis residing in
		Kumaraswami, S.P. Tripathy, K.S. Phillips, and E.A. Ottesen (1983) Prenatal allergic sensitization to helminth antigens in offspring of parasite-infected mothers.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/99/7/1759 (5151 words)

	Clinical Trial: Treatment of Helminth Co-Infection: Short-Term Effects on HIV-1 Progression Markers and Immune ...
		These conditions are associated with repeated intestinal parasite infections (helminths), which may alter the immune system in individuals with HIV and AIDS.
		Those who are found to be infected with helminths but who decline to participate in the treatment phase will be treated at no charge with a three day course of albendazole (400 mg/day) by the study investigators.
		Olsen A. The proportion of helminth infections in a community in western Kenya which would be treated by mass chemotherapy of schoolchildren.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00130910 (1654 words)

	QIMR Website - Helminth Biology Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Helminth Biology Laboratory is a recently established lab at QIMR and focuses on the interactions between blood-feeding helminth parasites and the tissues of their vertebrate hosts.
		We are also testing the efficacy of many of these proteins as vaccines against the major helminth parasites of humans, using both animal models and human clinical trials.
		To digest haemoglobin, helminths must first lyse red blood cells, yet the mechanisms by which this is achieved in any blood-feeding worm are not known.
	www.qimr.edu.au /research/labs/alexl/index.html (1928 words)

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