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Topic: Helmuth von Moltke the Younger

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	Helmuth von Moltke
		Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke (October 26, 1800 - April 24, 1891), who became Helmuth Graf von Moltke in 1870, was a famous Prussian general, born in Parchim[?].
		Von Moltke joined the Danish service, then in 1822 the Prussian army.
		Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke (von Moltke the Younger) (1848 - 1916), a nephew of the Great Moltke, served as German Chief of Staff[?] from 1906 to 1914.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/he/Helmuth_von_Molke.html (287 words)

	Helmuth von Moltke the Younger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke (May 25, 1848–June 18, 1916), also known as Moltke the Younger, was a nephew of Field Marshal Count Moltke and served as the Chief of the German General Staff from 1906 to 1914.
		Helmuth von Moltke was born in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and named after his uncle, Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke, future Field Marshal and hero of the Wars of Unification.
		Moltke's planning was based on a two-front war against France and Russia, and predicated upon the army in the West (still vastly stronger than the army in the East), gaining a quick decision against the French so that troops could be shifted to meet the Russian threat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Helmuth_von_Moltke_the_Younger (831 words)

	Biography - Helmuth Johann Ludwig Von Moltke
		Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke (May 25 1848—June 18 1916), also known as Moltke the Younger, was a nephew of Generalfeldmarschall Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke and served as the German General Staff from 1906 to 1914.
		Moltkes planning was based on a two-front war against France and Russia, and predicated upon the army in the West (still vastly stronger than the army in the East), gaining a quick decision against the French so that troops could be shifted to meet the Russian threat.
		In addition, Moltke opted to respect the territorial integrity of the Netherlands, thus maintaining her usefulness as a port in the event of a British blockade.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Aberdonia3436/helmuth-johann-ludwig-von-moltke-biography.html (728 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Schlieffen Plan
		Von Moltke decided to pull significant amounts of troops away from the main force entering France from the north, in order to fortify the forces in Alsace-Lorraine, and the forces at the Russian border.
		Schlieffen's solution reversed that of his great predecessor, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, whose experiences in the Franco-Prussian War with modern warfare and concerns regarding the increasing lethality of weaponry, made him doubt that a swift success could be achieved.
		The absence of General Helmuth von Moltke the Younger from the Western Front was a crucial (though not decisive) factor in the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Schlieffen_Plan (2673 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Paul von Hindenburg
		Hindenburg succeeded Erich von Falkenhayn as Chief of the General Staff in 1916, although real power was exercised by his deputy, Erich Ludendorff.
		von Papen for his part, was determined to get back into office and on 4 January 1933, von Papen met with Hitler to discuss how they could bring down Schleicher’s government, though the talks were inconclusive largely because von Papen and Hitler each coveted the Chancellorship for himself.
		However, the pressure from Meissner, von Papen and the younger Hindenburg was relentless and by the end of January, the President had decided to appoint Hitler Chancellor.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Paul_von_Hindenburg (5290 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
		Helmuth was born in Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin to a German family of ancient nobility.
		Moltke's plan was to assemble the whole army south of Mainz, this being one district in which a single army could secure the defence of the whole frontier.
		Moltke expected that the French would be compelled by the direction of their railways to collect the greater part of their army near Metz, and a smaller portion near Strassburg.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Helmuth_von_Moltke_the_Elder (4091 words)

	Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War.(Book Review) - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Kaiser Wilhelm II appointed Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke chief of the German General Staff on 1 January 1906, a position the "younger Moltke" would hold until dismissed on 1 November 1914.
		Moltke inherited the legacy of his predecessor, Alfred von Schlieffen, chief of the General Staff from 1891 through 1905.
		Moltke early on came to the view he expressed in June 1914: "lf only things would finally boil over--we are ready; the sooner, the better for us" (182).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-135425121.html (513 words)

	Alexander von Humboldt (1769 - 1859) - German naturalist and explorer - biography
		Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, Baron von Humboldt, (1769 - 1859), was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt.
		Von Humboldt's father, who was a major in the Prussian army, belonged to a Pomeranian family of consideration, and was rewarded for his services during the Seven Years' War with the post of royal chamberlain.
		He married in 1766 Maria Elizabeth von Colomb, widow of Baron von Hollwede, and had by her two sons, of whom the younger is the subject of this article.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_alexander_humboldt.shtml (2871 words)

	Reviews in History:
		Accordingly, in much of the literature Moltke is depicted as an unremarkable man and as a weak and ineffectual leader, whose main contribution to German national life was to undermine his country's chances of military success in 1914.
		For, she proves quite conclusively that Moltke was not the inconsequential figure that we have generally been led to believe.
		For, while Moltke proclaimed the need for an immediate resort to arms loudly and repeatedly to the senior policymakers in the German government, it is, nevertheless, quite clear from Dr Mombauer's work that he actually harboured very considerable doubts about the validity of the advice that he was giving.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/seligmannMat.html (2038 words)

	Paul_von_Hindenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		His younger brothers and sister were Otto, born in Aug 24 1849, Ida, born in Dec 19 1851, and Bernhard, born in Jan 17 1859.
		His paternal grandparents were Eleonore von Brederlow and her husband Otto Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, by whom he was still a remote descendant from the bastard daughter of Heinrich VI, Count of Waldeck.
		von Papen for his part, was determined to get back into office and on 4 January 1933, von Papen met with Hitler to discuss how they could bring down Schleicher?s government, though the talks were inconclusive largely because von Papen and Hitler each coveted the Chancellorship for himself.
	en.filepoint.de /info/Paul_von_Hindenburg (4843 words)

	Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Summary
		Helmuth von Moltke was born on Oct. 26, 1800, in Parchim, Mecklenburg, to German-Danish parents impoverished by the Napoleonic Wars.
		Moltke's view that "perpetual peace is a dream, and not even a beautiful one" must be set against his opinion that "a war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune" to begin to grasp the breadth of his military thinking.
		It is certainly true that Moltke was given a great army to work with thanks to the efforts of war minister Albrecht von Roon, and he was given nearly ideal situations to fight in, thanks to the brilliant diplomacy of Otto von Bismark.
	www.bookrags.com /Helmuth_von_Moltke_the_Elder (4788 words)

	Europe's Slide to War, 1911-14
		Von Moltke believed that "eternal peace" was a "pipe dream" and that if war were inevitable it would be best to launch it at a most opportune time.
		Von Moltke agreed with this policy, and he called on Austria to take military action against Serbia quickly, before diplomatic pressure could be mustered to oppose it.
		Von Moltke wired a message to Austria insisting that Austria do its part by countering Russia, and Austria-Hungary's foreign minister chose to ignore Bethmann-Hollweg and to follow the wishes of Germany's military command.
	fsmitha.com /h2/ch04.htm (5382 words)

	[No title]
		In fact General von Moltke himself stated in writing that he really was the one who initiated WWI In June 1915.
		Here Zuber comes to the conclusion that the Schlieffen plan never existed and that Moltke the younger was the true designer of the German war plans in 1914.The movements of the German army in 1914 was improvised by Molke in response to failure on the German left flank.
		This is known ever since the publication of General von Moltke's own diary who added that after he returned from his visit with the Kaiser he in fact broke out in tears, suggesting von Moltke might have in fact suffered from clinical depression, already before the war.
	www.sociologyesoscience.com /21century/moltkessecret.html (2451 words)

	Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning, 1871-1914.(Book Review) - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Although there is no debate over the fact that von Schlieffen did write a memorandum, or Denkschrift, early in 1906 putting forward the concept of a massive envelopment through Belgium to encircle Paris, Zuber insists that it did not represent a serious war plan.
		This was done, Zuber asserts, in an effort to place the blame for Germany's defeat upon the younger von Moltke's failure to implement a plan that, had it been correctly pursued, would have guaranteed decisive victory.
		Zuber's desire to challenge the younger von Moltke's militaristic image cannot be done solely by examining the war plans produced under his direction; it also requires consideration of the personal interaction between the General Staff chief and the political leadership, especially Kaiser Wilhelm II.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-135425219.html (573 words)

	First_Battle_of_the_Marne - Thagodz Wiki
		However, General Alexander von Kluck, the commander of the German First Army detected the approach of the allied forces on September 5th and, too late, began to wheel his Army to face the west.
		Von Kluck, in turning to meet the French attack on his right flank, opened up a 50 km (30 mile) wide gap in the German lines between his First Army and the German Second Army, commanded by the cautious General Karl von Bulow, which was located to the left of the First Army.
		Moltke is said to have reported to the Kaiser: "Your Majesty, we have lost the war." In the aftermath of the battle, both sides dug in and four years of stalemate ensued.
	www.thagodz.com /search/wiki/?title=First_Battle_of_the_Marne (1117 words)

	Otto von Bismarck - Article about Otto von Bismarck
		Otto von Bismarck was educated at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium and the Graues Kloster-Gymnasium.
		Other changes were made by the Regent; Helmuth von Moltke was appointed the new Chief of Staff for the Prussian army, and Albrecht von Roon was appointed Prussian Minister of War and given the job of reorganizing the Prussian army.
		With the aid of Albrecht von Roon's army reorganization, the Prussian army was nearly the equal in numbers to the Austrian army.
	yawiki.org /proc/Otto_von_Bismarck (5869 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Field Marshal Alfred, Graf von Schlieffen (February 28, 1833 - January 4, 1913), German field marshal and strategist, served as Chief of the German Imperial General Staff from 1891 to 1905.
		In 1884 Schlieffen became head of the military history section of the general staff, replacing Count von Waldersee as chief of the Prussian General Staff in 1891, after thirty-eight years of military service.
		It is believed by many that the Schlieffen Plan would have proven itself successful were it not for the diminishing of the right wing by Schlieffen's successor, Helmuth von Moltke the Younger.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Alfred_von_Schlieffen (608 words)

	Short 'Memories' leaves lasting impression - The Boston Globe
		Her husband, Count Helmuth James von Moltke, was the great-great-nephew of the legendary German field marshal Helmuth von Moltke.
		Her husband and his immediate family, however, were resolutely anti-Nazi, although after 1939 Helmuth James served in the German High Command as an expert on martial and international law.
		Helmuth James, in prison on another charge, was not a direct participant.
	www.boston.com /ae/books/articles/2004/01/13/short_memories_leaves_lasting_impression (505 words)

	Find A Grave - Invalidenfriedhof
		Moltke the Younger fought in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) and rose to become a Field Marshall and Chief of the German General Staff (1906-1914).
		Von Bülow fought in the wars of 1866 and 1870/71.
		Von Bülow became commander of the 2 Army during the beginning of World War I. The 2 Army fought at St. Quentin, Charleroi, and the Battle of the Marne.
	www.findagrave.com /php/famous.php?page=cem&FScemeteryid=639249 (907 words)

	Alfred Graf von Schlieffen - Wikipedia Mirror
		Alfred, Graf von Schlieffen (February 28, 1833 - January 4, 1913), German field marshal and strategist, served as Chief of the German Imperial General Staff from 1891 to 1905.
		In 1884 Schlieffen became head of the military history section of the general staff, replacing Count von Waldersee as chief of the German General Staff in 1891, after thirty-eight years of military service.
		It is believed by many that the Schlieffen Plan would have proven itself successful were it not for the diminishing of the right wing by Schlieffen's successor, Helmuth von Moltke the Younger.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Alfred_von_Schlieffen (622 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 1996
		Moltke attempted to maintain separate spheres for politics and war, and believed that policy should not influence military operations.
		Moltke's rejection of Clausewitz reflects the struggle to retain control over the wherewithal that permits decisive victory and brings about the realization of the perfect battle.[13] The dispute between Moltke and Bismarck after the battle of Königgrätz on the third of July 1866 provides a classic example.
		On the negative side, Moltke's near-perfect victories at Sadowa (1866) and Sedan (1870), combined with his efforts to avoid the greater accuracy of infantry weapons, actually contributed more to the establishment of the so-called dogma of the "battle of annihilation" and the cult of the flank attack than did Schlieffen's writings.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/96spring/echevarr.htm (3150 words)

	The First World War - Hew Strachan - Penguin Group (USA)
		Moltke was the nephew of the military architect of the victories in 1866 and 1870, but, a theosophist, he possessed a more artistic and less decisive temperament than his forebear.
		Moltke added the carrot that the Germans, once they were reinforced from the west, would push into Poland from the north and the River Narew.
		To keep Conrad quiet Moltke suggested three to four weeks would be needed to defeat the French, and ten days to redeploy to the east, although these were not the planning assumptions of the German general staff.
	us.penguingroup.com /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_9780143035183,00.html?sym=REV (9251 words)

	Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War - Cambridge University Press
		Moltke’s influence on Germany’s political decision-making was decisive, helping to foster an increasingly confrontational mood.
		The book takes specific issue with the common perception of Moltke as an ineffectual and reluctant military leader, remembered primarily for the defeat at the Battle of the Marne and his alleged adulteration of the Schlieffen Plan.
		Alfred von Schlieffen and Helmuth von Moltke: ‘military genius’ and ‘reluctant military leader’; 3.
	www.cambridge.org /asia/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521791014 (515 words)

	www.myspace.com/glendor
		Schlieffen’s successor, Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (5) would significantly modify the war plan as to be far more cautious with respect to foreign invasion of German territory as well as diplomatic relationships.
		The Younger Moltke de-emphasized the German right wing (the overwhelming strength of which was crucial to Schlieffen’s vision) in favor of placing more troops along the left wing and the eastern frontier.
		Moltke’s decision to reinforce the western left wing and the eastern frontier further limited the effectiveness of the plan.
	www.myspace.com /glendor (2017 words)

	Wilhelm II of Germany: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
		William was fortunate to be able to call on the services of the dynamic naval officer Alfred von Tirpitz, whom he appointed to the head of the Reich Naval Office in 1897.
		William was in favour of the dismissal of Helmuth von Moltke the Younger in September 1914 and his replacement by Erich von Falkenhayn.
	jazz.openfun.org /wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany (5360 words)

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