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Topic: Helvetian War

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	Napoleonic Wars - MSN Encarta
		The Napoleonic Wars were a continuation of the wars of the French Revolution (1789-1799), in which the Habsburgs and other dynastic rulers of Europe combined in an effort to overthrow the revolutionary government of France and restore the rule of the French monarchy.
		In the War of the First Coalition (1793-1797), France fought against an alliance consisting of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
		In 1805 Britain was joined in its new war by Austria, Russia, and Sweden, and Spain allied itself to France.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565675/Napoleonic_Wars.html (1173 words)

	GALLIC WARS FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Gallic Wars were a series of wars fought between the Romans and the people of Gaul during the mid-first_century_BC, culminating in the Battle_of_Alesia in 52_BC which resulted in the expansion of the Roman_Republic across Gaul.
		Although Caesar portrayed the wars as being a defensive measure against an external threat, most modern historians agree that the wars were fought essentially to bolster Caesar's political position and to recoup his massive debts.
		The wars began in 58_BC with the large-scale migration of the Helvetii west from what is now Switzerland, which threatened to pass through the Roman province of Transalpine_Gaul.
	www.statelawonline.com /Gallic_Wars (1116 words)

	Napoleonic Wars - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In 1803 a dispute arose between the two nations because of the treaty provision that Britain return the island of Malta to its original possessors, the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem.
		An important consequence of this war was Napoleon's abandonment, because of the need to concentrate his resources in Europe, of his plan to establish a great French colonial empire in the region known as Louisiana in North America.
		The ensuing war is known as the War of the Third Coalition.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761565675___3/Napoleonic_Wars.html (683 words)

	Gallic Wars article - Gallic Wars Julius Caesar Gaul Roman Provence France Belgium Switzerland - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		About the Gallic War (De Bello Gallico), sometimes The Conquest of Gaul, is an account written by Julius Caesar about his nine years of war in Gaul.
		In it Caesar vividly describes the battles and intrigues that took place in the nine years he spent fighting local armies that opposed Roman domination.
		In it, Caesar describes Gaul and the campaign against the Helvetii, a conglomeration of peoples numbering in excess of 300,000, who decided to migrate by force of arms from the Alpine regions through the centre of Gaul to the west to alleviate population pressures.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Gallic_Wars (694 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Switzerland
		The war with the League was renewed by Duke Leopold III of Austria, but in the battle near Sempach in 1386 his army was defeated and he himself was killed.
		The expenses of the war to the amount of five million francs were imposed on the defeated cantons, the result of which was their economic impairment.
		This latter war ended in the victory of the Protestant districts, and it was followed by a new partition of the common lordships in favor of the conquerors, as well as by the granting of complete parity to the Protestant inhabitants of the subject lands.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14358a.htm (7575 words)

	Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars, Book 1
		When it was reported to Caesar that they were attempting to make their route through our Province he hastens to set out from the city, and, by as great marches as he can, proceeds to Further Gaul, and arrives at Geneva.
		That canton [which was cut down] was called the Tigurine; for the whole Helvetian state is divided into four cantons.
		Thus, whether by chance, or by the design of the immortal gods, that part of the Helvetian state which had brought a signal calamity upon the Roman people, was the first to pay the penalty.
	www.luc.edu /faculty/ldossey/juliuscaesarweb.htm (1071 words)

	The Gallic Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The occasion of that war was this: P. Crassus, a young man, had taken up his winter quarters with the seventh legion among the Andes, who border upon the [Atlantic] ocean.
		They unite to themselves as allies for that war, the Osismii, the Lexovii, the Nannetes, the Ambiliati, the Morini, the Diablintes, and the Menapii; and send for auxiliaries from Britain, which is situated over against those regions.
		Wherefore, since he reflected that almost all the Gauls were fond of revolution, and easily and quickly excited to war; that all men likewise, by nature, love liberty and hate the condition of slavery, he thought he ought to divide and more widely distribute his army, before more states should join the confederation.
	www.brainfly.net /html/books/brn0004.htm (10098 words)

	Helvetian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The war was prompted by the Helvetii migration from their ancestral home (modern area of Switzerland) to Roman Gaul (modern day France.
		Caesar made this war his first step in the conquest of Gaul.
		The Helvetian War is important mostly because it opened up Gaul to full conquest by Caesar, and presented him with an excuse to bring war to the area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Helvetian_War (366 words)

	Custom essay on Roman History / Gallic War - Essay Empire
		War meant to him an army; an army was to him but a means of winning power.
		Without war and conquest, he could gain neither the experience, fame nor influence requisite to this end.
		Caesar could not be great with a lesser end in view, and the importance of his object was equaled by the splendor of his means.
	www.essayempire.com /customessay/romanhistory/gallicwar/62.html (806 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Gallic Wars by Julius Caesar
		While these affairs were going on at Gergovia, Convictolanis, the Aeduan, to whom we have observed the magistracy was adjudged by Caesar, being bribed by the Arverni, holds a conference with certain young men, the chief of whom were Litavicus and his brothers, who were born of a most noble family.
		It was resolved that Litavicus should have the command of the ten thousand, which were being sent to Caesar for the war, and should have charge of them on their march, and that his brothers should go before him to Caesar.
		The enemy, on learning the circumstance from those who had escaped from Melodunum, set fire to Lutetia, and order the bridges of that town to be broken down: they themselves set out from the marsh, and take their position on the banks of the Seine, over against Lutetia and opposite the camp of Labienus.
	classics.mit.edu /Caesar/gallic.7.7.html (5199 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		From these circumstances it resulted that they could range less widely, and could less easily make war upon their neighbours ; for which reason men fond of war [ as they were ] were affected with great regret.
		That these things were his concern ; that the Sequani, the Leuci, and the Lingones were to furnish the corn ; and that it was already ripe in the fields ; that as to the road they would soon be able to judge for themselves.
		Caesar having concluded two very important wars in one campaign, conducted his army into winter quarters among the Sequani, a little earlier than the season of the year required.
	helios.hampshire.edu /~nevCS/literary-computing/gallic-war-ch1/gallic1-eng-segmented.txt (5962 words)

	Second Great War - IBWiki
		Great War II was essentially a German civil war that indirectly became a world war.
		Both sides were tired of the war, and although the Allies were not particularly fond of Russia's SNOR regime, there had never been any direct conflict with it either, which made the alliance significantly easier to swallow for them.
		The puppet states and other states purposefully established during the war itself in the occupied territories by the great powers are written in italic.
	ib.frath.net /w/Second_Great_War (3938 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| Switzerland
		In 1815, the Helvetian Confederation was reformed, and the boundaries of Switzerland have been generally respected ever since.
		By the Treaty of Vienna, Switzerland was increased to 22 cantons and the independence and neutrality of the Federation was guaranteed.
		Switzerland's neutrality was preserved during World War I and the Red Cross used as the over-seeing body for prisoners-of-war throughout the world.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/switz.htm (1000 words)

	Book 16 Chap 05
		Not only the markets of Zurich and of Berne, but also those of the free bailiwicks of St. Gall, of the Tockenburg, of the district of Sargans and of the valley of the Rhine, a country partly under the sovereignty of the Waldstettes, were shut against the Five Cantons.
		The councils of Zurich might consider it their duty to have recourse to war for maintaining liberty of conscience in the common bailiwicks; but it was unjust - it was a usurpation, to constrain the Five Cantons in a matter that concerned their own territory.
		War appeared to him legitimate and desirable; and if that was refused, he had only to withdraw from public life: he was for every thing or nothing.
	4dw.net /nonconformer/Daubigne/ch05.html (5092 words)

	Eagle Games Forums: Two Player Questions and House rules....
		In the rules it is said, that the winner of a war is not allowed to declar war for a year, but the looser can.
		In the rules it is said, that the winner of a war is not allowed to declare war for a year, but the loser can.
		The moment that recently defeated power declares war on anyone, the 12 month "grace" period is over and declarations of war against that power are allowed.
	eaglegames.zeroforum.com /zerothread?cmd=print&id=2611 (833 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		From these circumstances it resulted that they could range less widely, and could less easily make war upon their neighbours; for which reason men fond of war [as they were] were affected with great regret.
		That these things were his concern; that the Sequani, the Leuci, and the Lingones were to furnish the corn; and that it was already ripe in the fields; that as to the road they would soon be able to judge for themselves.
		Then, the other legions endeavoured, through their military tribunes and the centurions of the principal companies, to excuse themselves to Caesar, [saying] that they had never either doubted or feared, or supposed that the determination of the conduct of the war was theirs and not their general's.
	helios.hampshire.edu /~nevCS/literary-computing/gallic-war-ch1/gallic1-eng.txt (5226 words)

	What is to be done?
		I will leave that material under the heading Black September War, which is still the best name I have for our condition; but understand it may not be a war at all.
		India is in a low level state of war with China (whatever the legal status may be); and while there is poverty in India it is a democracy, had some good schools and universities, and has contributed to the technological revolution.
		And it's a sign of the times that many who support both the President and the war wonder if we don't have a secret agenda, and some of them fervently hope we do, and a few influential people are not only sure we have a hidden agenda but that they have helped to set it.
	www.jerrypournelle.com /war/whattodo.html (9897 words)

	Military Commentaries Julius George S. Patton Historical Society Library
		Caesar, having encouraged the Remi, and addressed them courteously, ordered the whole senate to assemble before him, and the children of their chief men to be brought to him as hostages; all which commands they punctually performed by the day [appointed].
		These things being achieved, [and] all Gaul being subdued, so high an opinion of this war was spread among the barbarians, that embassadors were sent to Caesar by those nations who dwelt beyond the Rhine, to promise that they would give hostages and execute his commands.
		Caesar, being informed of these things by Crassus, since he was so far distant himself, orders ships of war to be built in the mean time on the river Loire, which flows into the ocean; rowers to be raised from the province; sailors and pilots to be provided.
	www.pattonhq.com /militaryworks/caesar.html (10083 words)

	Final Project: Group 1
		War was very prominent within the content of the Ancient historian’s text, so we shall now discuss those historians and what they saw about war to be so important and worth while to discuss.
		War changes history and can be equated with a natural disaster, only it is in the control of flawed human beings.
		War is a very serious and dangerous occurrence that should not be taken for granted, yet some news programs give daily updates on war with a superficial, “Entertainment Tonight” attitude.
	bellarmine.lmu.edu /classics/cl230/materialswk15-2-1.htm (2539 words)

	The French Invasion of Liechtenstein Part One
		During the First War of the Coalitions, French Troops occupied the left bank (Switzerland) of the Rhine from 1789 to 1792.
		The short-lived Helvetian Republic was formed in 1798 under French guidance in Switzerland.
		The Austrians, of course, were a bit upset at this idea and began to strengthen their defenses by forming new alliances and building up their armies.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/liechtenstein/107595 (492 words)

	diAARy : AAR : Austria 1424 -
		Their destination was the other Helvetian province of Bern, where they arrived in September to fight a quick and victorious battle.
		After a total of three Helvetian diplomats had arrived with peace offers that promptly got thrown back in their faces, Albert V started to get pretty upset.
		Albert V, who was preoccupied with the war on Helvetia, looked at the plans and said, “that's lovely, how much?” When his question was answered he had to be given another three hour lunch.
	diaary.greatnow.com /austria0102.html (2395 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Helvetic Republic, 1798-1803
		The HELVETIAN REPUBLIC was proclaimed (March 29th 1798), with a federal constitution (granting much more power to the central institutions, such as the DIRECTORY, in comparison to the previous Swiss Confederation).
		In the SECOND WAR OF THE COALITION, Switzerland became battleground; Austrian and Russian troops temporarily liberated eastern Switzerland (where the measures of the democratic reforms were immediately cancelled).
		The Swiss communities suffered, in addition to destruction caused by the war, also by contributions they were forced to pay for the respective armies.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/helvetic.html (858 words)

	wiki/Helvetian war Definition / wiki/Helvetian war Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Caesar fought and won a civil war which left him undisputed master of the Roman world, and began extensive refor...
		The war was prompted by the HelvetiiThe Helvetii (in Latin) were the Celtic inhabitants of the current Switzerland.
		Caesar took command of as many as eight LegionsThe Roman legion (from the Latin legio, meaning levy) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Helvetian_war (673 words)

	Articles - Gallic Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The wars began in 58 BC with the large-scale migration of the Helvetii west from what is now Switzerland, which threatened to pass through the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul.
		Caesar attacked, driving the Helvetii back to their lands (see Helvetian War).
		The primary historical source for the Gallic Wars is Caesar's Commentaries, De Bello Gallico in Latin, which is one of the best surviving examples of unadorned Latin prose.
	www.1-helmets.com /articles/Gallic_Wars (1030 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: Why is "CH" the abbreviation for Switzerland?
		The reason Caesar wrote about the Helvetians is that they decided to migrate en masse to Gaul (present-day France), either because the barbarians from the north (present-day Germany) were encroaching on their territory or because they thought France would be easy pickings.
		In 1848 the Swiss, following the religious civil war of the Sonderbund pitting Catholics against Protestants, wrote a new constitution and had to pick an official name for the country.
		The confederation of the Helvetians is thus known as Confoederatio Helvetica or CH for short.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mhelvetians.html (632 words)

	The Reformation In German Switzerland
		The cities are to be attacked separately, to-day one, to-morrow another, and so one after another till all are reduced; then their arms are to be taken away, their treasures, their machines of war, and all their resources.
		The whole tragedy of civil war tended to the prejudice of the Reformation in Switzerland.
		Amid the desperate straits of the Smalcald war, he wrote to Myconius: "The Smalcald war is a Gordian knot.
	www.edwardtbabinski.us /sheldon/swiss_reformation.html (4545 words)

	Souls of Discretion - Swiss banks and money laundering
		The prestige enjoyed by Helvetian banking is a long-established one; a seven century-old tradition guarantees its seriousness and security.
		But it was during World War Two that Switzerland became the planet's great financial power.
		Over half a century after the war, the secret banker continues to be the engine of national prosperity.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Global_Secrets_Lies/SoulsDiscretion_Switz.html (1489 words)

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