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Topic: Helvetic Republic

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	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Helvetic Republic
		The Canton of Fribourg is a canton of Switzerland.
		The Canton of Schaffhausen is a canton of Switzerland.
		The survival of the Helvetic Republic until 1803 was largely due to the presence of French troops, since the Swiss were hostile to centralization.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Helvetic-Republic (1177 words)

	French client republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Republic claimed to support the spread of the republican principles in Europe, but most of these republics, known as French client republics or Sister republics, where just a way to control the occupied lands through a mix of direct French control and local government.
		The republics typically based their existence on the presence of the Napoleonic Army; on the other side, the French administration often ruled with the only purpose of draining as many resources (food, money and soldiers) as possible for the benefit of France.
		The institution of republican governments, promoting nationality over the rule of the royal families (Bourbons, Habsburgs) set the stage for the appearance of nationalist sentiment in all Europe, which significantly influenced the course of European history (see 1830 and Revolutions of 1848).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_client_republic (260 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Helvetic Republic, 1798-1803
		In the short livespan of the Helvetic Republic, the representatives in the two chambers were split in two rival camps, the CENTRALISTS and the FEDERALISTS.
		The FRICKTAL, an Austrian possession until 1797, was annexed by the Helvetic Republic in 1801.
		Flag of the Helvetic Republic, the Helvetic Legion, of the Valais, from FOTW
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/helvetic.html (858 words)

	Helvetic Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Helvetic Republic was a state formation in the area of Switzerland.
		On 12 April 1798 Helvetic Republic, One and Indivisible was proclaimed; cantonal sovereignty and feudal rights were abolished.The occupying forces established a centralised state based on the ideas from the French Revolution.
		Instability in the Republic reached its peak in 1802-1803.
	www.wikiverse.org /helvetic-republic (234 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		HELVETIC REPUBLIC [Helvetic Republic], 1798-1803, Swiss state established under French auspices.
		In Sept., 1797, several exiled Swiss leaders in France (notably Frédéric César de La Harpe) formally urged the French Revolutionary government (the Directory) to help in liberating the subject districts of Switzerland and in overthrowing the aristocratic cantonal governments.
		A unified state, the Helvetic Republic, was set up.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Helvetic (206 words)

	Helvetic Confessions - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Helvetic Confessions
		The First Helvetic Confession was compiled by Bullinger, Myconius, and others.
		It is sometimes referred to as the second Confession of Basel.
		The Second Helvetic Confession was written by Bullinger, and a revised version was published in 1566 as the official creed of the Swiss cantons.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Helvetic+Confessions (131 words)

	Helvetic Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Helvetic Republic was a state formation in the of Switzerland.
		On 12 April 1798 Helvetic One and Indivisible was proclaimed; cantonal sovereignty feudal rights were abolished.The occupying forces established centralised state based on the ideas from French Revolution.
		Plato's The Republic, is not only a classic work of the fourth century B.C., but a masterpiece of utopian literature as a whole.
	www.freeglossary.com /Helvetic_Republic (643 words)

	AARGAU - LoveToKnow Article on AARGAU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bern kept the south-west portion (Zofingen, Aarburg, Aarau, Lenzburg, and Brugg), but some districts, named the Freie Amter or " free bailiwicks " (Mellingen, Muri, Villmergen, and Bremgarten), with the county of Baden, were ruled as " subject lands" by all or certain of the Confederates.
		In 1798 the Bernese bit became the canton of Aargau of the Helvetic Republic, the remainder forming the canton of Baden.
		In 1803, the two halves (plus the Frick glen, ceded in 1802 by Austria to the Helvetic Republic) were united under the name of Kanton Aargau, which was then admitted a full member of the reconstituted Confederation.
	9.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AA/AARGAU.htm (597 words)

	flag of Helvetic Legion flags
		The flags of the Helvetic Legion all had as their central device a picture of William Tell welcoming his son into his arms right after shooting an arrow through an apple on his head.
		The William Tell icon was actually the state seal of the Helvetic Republic, but the seal lacks the fasces and liberty cap.
		The borders were rendered in the colours of the Helvetic Republic (red, yellow, green), and their geometric shapes varied with each batallion.
	www.flags-of-the-world.net /flags/ch-legio.html (500 words)

	Swiss Revolution and Helvetic Republic 1798-1802, Mediation 1803-1815
		Though Switzerland was a loose confederacy of valley and city republics at the time, this fact alone made no significant difference to monarchy: A small number of families monopolized political (and economic) power in the cities (Geneva, Berne, Basel, Zurich, Lucerne) and even in the rural areas having some primitive form of direct democracy.
		The constitution of the Helvetic Republic was similar to the constitution of the French Republic, with a parliament (two chambers), a government (called board of directors) and a Supreme Court of Justice.
		They wanted to defend the Republic against reactionary forces (especially Austria), but the result was that the alliance with France engaged the Helvetic Republic in the wars of France with other nations.
	history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch /swiss-revolution-helvetic-republic-1798.html (2617 words)

	Helvetic Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On 12April 1798 Helvetic Republic, One and Indivisible was proclaimed; cantonal sovereignty and feudal rights were abolished.Theoccupying forces established a centralised state based on the ideas from the French Revolution.
		Together with the localresistance, the financial problems caused the Helvetic Republic to fail as a state.
		Instability in the Republic reached its peakin 1802-1803.
	www.therfcc.org /helvetic-republic-91406.html (218 words)

	Aargau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		10 March - 18 April 1798 it was under French occupation, thereafter the Bernese portion became the canton of Aargau of the Helvetic Republic, the remainder forming the Canton of Baden.
		In 1803, the two halves were united under the name of canton of Aargau, which was then admitted a full member of the reconstituted Confederation.
		The Fricktal, ceded in 1802 by Austria, via Napoleonic France, to the Helvetic Republic, was shortly a separate Swiss canton under a Statthalter ('Lieutenant'), but on 9 March 1803 became incorporated as part of the canton Aargau.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aargau (769 words)

	Modern Switzerland
		The " Helvetic Club " formed at Paris of Swiss refugees had for its purpose the application of the principles of the French Revolution to Switzer-land.
		In 1798 " the Lemanic Republic " was proclaimed at the instance of France, and, being resisted by some of the Swiss, a French invasion followed.
		He presided personally at the meetings of this body, and the constitution agreed upon bears the impress of the grand political sagacity which was associated with Napoleon's military genius.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles25/switzerland-4.shtml (2176 words)

	Valais / Wallis canton (Switzerland)
		The red and white flag of the republic originally had six stars for its constituent Dixains.
		In 1798 the French created the Helvetic Republic with Valais as one of its new cantons.
		When the Helvetic Republic proved an unworkable artificial creation, Napoleon mediated the restoration of the Swiss Confederation in 1803, but kept Valais out of the new polity in order to guarantee French control of the strategic mountain passes.
	atlasgeo.span.ch /fotw/flags/ch-vs.html (601 words)

	Historical flags of Vaud canton (Switzerland) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The narrow bend is barred or and azur (in French: de gules a la croix blanche, brise d'une cotice barree d'or et d'azur).
		A Vaudois insurrection against Bern in the 1790s, inspired by the French revolution, was largely responsible for inviting the French invasion in 1798 which destroyed the old Swiss Confederation and replaced it with the unitary Helvetic Republic.
		Within the Helvetic Republic, the Vaudois territory became independent of Bern as the new canton of Léman.
	fotw.fivestarflags.com /ch-vd_h.html (189 words)

	Helvetic Republic - TheBestLinks.com - France, February 19, French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Helvetic Republic - TheBestLinks.com - France, February 19, French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte,...
		Helvetic Republic, France, February 19, French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Helvetic_Republic.html (274 words)

	Aargau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some districts, named the Freie Ämter or free bailiwicks (Mellingen, Muri, Villmergen, and Bremgarten), with the county of Baden, were ruled as subject lands by all or certain of the Confederates.
		In 1798 the Bernese portion became the canton of Aargau of the Helvetic Republic, the remainder forming the canton of Baden.
		The Frick glen, ceded in 1802 by Austria to the Helvetic Republic, was also part of the canton Aargau.
	www.wikiverse.org /aargau (694 words)

	Chapter 25
		After creating the Cisalpine Republics (Milanese and Emilia), and Liguria (region of Genoa), he was venerated as the saviour and liberator who had established peace and prosperity.
		Switzerland: Since the proclamation of the Helvetic Republic in 1799, Switzerland had existed in a state of anarchy and civil war that was responsible for thousands of deaths.
		“Citizen representatives of the nineteen cantons of the Helvetic Republic, your country is in a dire situation.
	www.napoleonicsociety.com /english/Life_Nap_Chap25.htm (1787 words)

	CNN - Almanac - March 29, 1998
		In 1798, the Helvetic Republic, a government set up by the French directory in Switzerland from the ten Cantons, was proclaimed.
		In 1959, Barthelemy Boganda, first president of the Central African Republic, was killed in a plane crash.
		Central African Republic marks the 39th anniversary of President Barthelemy Boganda's death.
	www.cnn.com /almanac/9803/29 (724 words)

	Consilio: The online Law student journal
		And congratulations to the Northern Ireland football team for beating the England team by one goal to nil for their first victory against England at home in 78 years and to Scotland for their victory against Norway.
		The Republic of Ireland team lost to France by 1- 0.
		France next play on October 8th in Bern against the Helvetic Republic.
	www.spr-consilio.com /roundthehouses.htm (892 words)

	AllRefer.com - Helvetic Republic (Swiss History) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Swiss History > Helvetic Republic
		Helvetic Republic[helvE´tik] Pronunciation Key, 1798–1803, Swiss state established under French auspices.
		In Sept., 1797, several exiled Swiss leaders in France (notably FrEdEric CEsar de La Harpe) formally urged the French Revolutionary government (the Directory) to help in liberating the subject districts of Switzerland and in overthrowing the aristocratic cantonal governments.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Helvetic.html (308 words)

	NewsScan Publishing Inc. - NewsScan Daily Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But his chance to act came after the French Revolution, when he was more than 50 years old.
		The French-imposed Helvetic Republic in Switzerland invited him to organize higher education, but he preferred to begin at the beginning.
		He collected scores of destitute war orphans and cared for them almost single-handedly, attempting to create a family atmosphere and to restore their moral qualities.
	www.newsscan.com /cgi-bin/findit_view?table=honorary_subscriber&id=613 (535 words)

	Xpat Xchange - Your One-Stop for English-speaking Expatriates in Switzerland
		This can be seen as the first step along the road to neutrality but it was only after the French Revolution that the Unitarian Helvetic Republic was founded in 1798 and true freedom of religion, press and speech was granted.
		Under this Act Switzerland became a Federal Republic — this lasted however only until the death of Napoleon in 1821 and thereafter Switzerland reverted to a Confederation of States — by now however, there were 22 member Cantons.
		The old problems of the aristocracy wanting more privileges and rights than commoners reared their heads again and pockets of internal unrest were to be found in the cities and towns.
	www.xpatxchange.ch /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=101 (881 words)

	Rhodanic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		the Helvetic Republic until 1802 when it became the independent Rhodanic Republic.
		Republic until 1802 when it became the independent Rhodanic Republic.
		Helvetic Republic, but that year is became the independent Rhodanic Republic.
	www.bigletterlist.net /w/r/Rhodanic.htm (153 words)

	La réception du 18 Brumaire en Helvétie
		The changes occurring in Paris resulted in comparable changes on the Swiss side, with the Helvetic Directory being dissolved on 7 January 1800.
		With the departure of the Vaudois patriot Frédéric-César Laharpe, the Helvetic Republic entered a phase of inexorable decline.
		From the Swiss viewpoint, 18 Brumaire ushered in a period of destabilisation of the politicai institutions born with the Helvetic Republic.
	ahrf.revues.org /document298.html (7691 words)

	Switzerland
		At the end of the war in 1648 they were recognised in the Treaty of Westphalia as a neutral state.
		Nevertheless, the French Republic invaded Switzerland in 1798 and established the Helvetic Republic.
		Napoleon was finally sent packing following his defeat by the British and Prussians at Waterloo.
	www.goodnewsmedia.com /switzerland.htm (402 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Helvetic Republic@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Helvetic Republic@ HighBeam Research
		Read the article after viewing a brief ad from our sponsor – no registration required.
		HELVETIC REPUBLIC [Helvetic Republic ], 1798-1803, Swiss state established under French auspices.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:Helvetic/Helvetic+Republic.html?refid=ip_hf (172 words)

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