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Topic: Hematemesis

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	Hematemesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hematemesis (American English) or haematemesis (International English) is the vomiting of fresh red blood.
		Adequate venous access (large-bore cannulas or a central line) is generally obtained in case the patient suffers a further bleed and becomes unstable.
		In a "hemodynamically significant" case of hematemesis resuscitation is an immediate priority to prevent cardiac arrest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hematemesis (215 words)

	HEMATEMESIS AND MELENA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hematemesis will be unlikely but melena as evidenced by a tarry stool or a positive occult blood test will almost certainly be present.
		Massive hematemesis is very unusual (except for a ruptured varix) and is estimated to occur in only 3% of cases of carcinoma at, occasionally in peptic ulcer of the esophagus, foreign body erosion, diverticulum, etc.
		Hematemesis may be noted in yellow fever, acute yellow atrophy of the liver, severe Weil's disease, fl water fever, anthrax, hemorrhagic smallpox, "fl measles", etc.
	www.jeghers.com /annts/HEMATEMESISMELENA.html (7275 words)

	GIHEMORRHAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hematemesis will be unlikely but melena as evidenced by a tarry stool or strongly positive occult blood test will almost certainly be present.
		In general, hematemesis is less frequent as a manifestation than G. in adults so that the main manifestation is melena in some form, often with recognizable red colored blood.
		Hematemesis may be noted in yellow fever, acute yellow atrophy of the liver, severe Weil's disease, fl water fever, anthrax, hemorrhagic smallpox, "fl measles", hemorrhagic fevers, etc.
	www.jeghers.com /annts/GIHEMORRHAGE.html (11075 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 3, Ch. 22, Gastrointestinal Bleeding
		Gastrointestinal bleeding: Vomiting of blood (hematemesis), passage of gross blood through the rectum (hematochezia), passage of fl tarry stool (melena), or occult chronic bleeding from the GI tract.
		Hematemesis or emesis with red blood indicates an upper GI source of bleeding (almost always above the ligament of Treitz) that is often brisk, usually from an arterial source or varix (see Plate 22-1).
		Hematemesis, hematochezia, or melena should be considered an emergency until proven otherwise.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section3/chapter22/22a.htm (1953 words)

	Gastrointestinal Bleeding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hematemesis refers to the vomiting of blood, and it can be bright red or dark, depending on whether there has been sufficient time for the hemoglobin to be acid-denatured in the stomach.
		Hematemesis results from lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and sometimes from the duodenum.
		Hematemesis or melena occur in half of the patients in this age group.
	www.naspgn.org /sub/Gastrointestinal_Bleeding.htm (4716 words)

	Colchester Veterinary Hospital, LLC
		Hematemesis, or the vomiting of blood, has a number of causes.
		Hematemesis arises from the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, the stomach, and duodenum (upper part of the small intestine).
		Hematemesis may result from ulceration or erosion of the internal lining (mucosa) of the upper GI tract.
	www.colchestervet.net /showpracfaq.cfm?FAQID=87&Private=0 (445 words)

	PetPlace.com - Article: Hematemesis (Vomiting Blood) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hematemesis may involve the vomition of new or recent blood, which is bright red.
		Hematemesis is the presence of flakes, streaks or clots of fresh blood in the vomitus, or the presence of digested blood in the vomitus.
		Hematemesis may be the only clinical sign, or it may be accompanied by other clinical signs.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?all=1&conID=22397 (1544 words)

	ETIOLOGY OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING IN JORDANIAN PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY:15(1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Recurrent bleeding was defined as a second episode of hematemesis and/or melena after stabilization of vital signs and blood count and normalization of stool color during the same admission.
		Recurrent second and third bleeding were defined as further hematemesis and/or melena occurring after the complete recovery and the discharge of the patient from the hospital after the first or second admission for rebleeding respectively.
		Hematemesis and melena were the presenting symptom in 401 (47%) patients, melena alone in 274 (32%) and hematemesis alone in 178 (21%) patients.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/151/94033.html (2141 words)

	The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
		Thomas and Khatak reported a case of hematemesis after alcohol ingestion, who had previously undergone multiple endoscopies where a similar lesion was identified as gastritis and they pointed out that the lesion may sometimes be confused with gastritis (7).
		A case of recurrent hematemesis due to mucosal prolapse in association with hiatus hernia has been reported by Laforret (8).
		In conclusion although PG has been reported as a cause of hematemesis, in this study ıt was found that it was not a cause of hematemesis when patients with hematemesis accompanied by retching and vomiting were evaluated.
	www.turkgastro.org /text.php?id=264 (1823 words)

	Upper GI Bleeding:
		Gastric ulcers commonly cause hematemesis, and duodenal ulcers commonly cause melena.
		Polyps, hemangiomas, and arteriovenous malformations of the esophagus and stomach are very rare, and even if present, hematemesis is usually not the typical presentation.
		Adenocarcinoma of the gastroephageal junction or gastric mucosa is extremely rare in patients less than 18 years of age, and usually does not present with hematemesis.
	pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu /giBleeding.html (701 words)

	Radiology In Ped Emerg Med, Vol 2, Case 14
		An Apt test done on the hematemesis residue on the blanket is negative for fetal hemoglobin indicating that the blood on the blanket did not come from the infant.
		Benign causes of hematemesis are largely due to the ingestion of blood.
		Although the rural E.D. physician estimated the volume of hematemesis to be 30 to 50 cc's, the actual volume of hematemesis was probably only 10 cc's.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pemxray/v2c14.html (1047 words)

	Welcome Net Health Book! By Doctor Ray Schilling, M.D. medical web site with free info on medical conditions, symptoms, ...
		When it has the appearance of "coffee grounds", it usually means that the bleeding is slower and there is enough time for gastric juice to alter the red hemoglobin from blood into the brown colored hematin.
		Typical causes for hematemesis are: duodenal and gastric erosions and ulcers.
		Or, if the bleed is slow and appears mostly as melena stools, the main symptoms may be that of anemia with paleness of the skin, sluggishness, shortness of breath and dizziness.
	www.nethealthbook.com /uppergastrointestinalbleed.html (798 words)

	eMedicine - Portal Hypertension : Article by Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCP, FRCR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hematemesis resulting from bleeding esophageal varices is the most common presentation in patients with PH, although other patients may seek medical help because of decompensated liver disease.
		Demonstration of varices in a patient with hematemesis does not necessarily establish the source as the varices because one third of patients bleed from other causes such as peptic ulcer.
		The final diagnosis was hepatitis C cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma of the left hepatic lobe (which had ruptured into the peritoneum), and portoarterial fistula (which had developed inside the ruptured tumor, giving rise to severe portal hypertension).
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic570.htm (11400 words)

	Mallory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Center: Fresh clot on a mucosal tear in a 24 year-old man who presented with severe anemia and hematemesis.
		Right: Adherent clot and oozing of blood from a mucosal tear in an 89 year-old woman with hematemesis and a concurrently bleeding duodenal ulcer.
		Endoscopy demonstrated a linear ulcer (see arrows at center), at the distal (lower) end of which was an adherent "sentinel" clot, denoting the site of recent bleeding.
	www.attgi.com /es_ge_05.htm (330 words)

	Vol 32-1 (1)
		It was conducted on 11 patients with Schistosomal hepatic fibrosis associated with encephalopathy.
		The precipitating factors were drugs in 4 cases, portocaval shunt in one patient and hematemesis in 6 cases.
		Those with hematemesis showed rapid improvement in the level of consciousness and liver functions.
	www.esnpn.org /joun/32-2/4.htm (199 words)

	eMedicine - Mallory-Weiss Syndrome : Article by Chris A Liacouras, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hematemesis: Hematemesis is the presenting symptom in all patients diagnosed with a Mallory-Weiss tear.
		In most children, hematemesis is preceded by one or more episodes of nonbloody emesis; however, hematemesis secondary to a Mallory-Weiss tear has been reported to occur during the first bout of vomiting.
		Visual inspection of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum is essential in the evaluation of a child presenting with hematemesis.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1359.htm (2021 words)

	Test Pilot: Submission Confirmation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		When hematemesis follows one or more bouts of severe retching, a Mallory-Weiss tear is the likely diagnosis.
		Bleeding ulcers, carcinomas, and varices are much more likely to present with hematemesis at the first episode of vomiting, rather than after several bouts of retching.
		Alcoholic gastritis may be associated with nausea and often with hematemesis, but not prominent pain.
	cc.lrc.usuhs.mil /cc/abd_pain_quiz_answers.htm (1519 words)

	Acupuncture.Com - Blood Disorders - Traditional Chinese Medicine
		The common endogenous causative factors are immoderate diet, emotional upset, overstrain, pathological changes after a chronic disease or a febrile disease, etc. For example, over-intake of pungent and greasy foods may induce the retention of dampness-heat and damage the blood vessels, leading to hemoptysis and hematochezia.
		Emotional upsets may induce the production of fire, during which the collaterals of the stomach may be injured by the hyperactive liver-qi and hematemesis occurs, or liver-fire attacks the lungs and leads to epistaxis and hemoptysis, or heart-fire attacks the small intestine and bladder, resulting in hematuria.
		Mental stress, overstrain and sexual indulgence may impair the heart, spleen and kidneys; when qi is impaired and deficient and fails to keep blood in the vessels, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia and purpura may appear; and when yin is impaired and deficient leading to hyperactivity of fire, epistaxis purpura and hematuria may occur.
	www.acupuncture.com /conditions/blood_disorders.htm (2559 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		Epistaxis is a common cause for moderate volume bleeding (some epistaxis blood is swallowed and then vomited as hematemesis) and is more common than peptic ulceration as a cause of hematemesis and melena.
		With the provisos of the preceding paragraphs accounted for, hematemesis is a reasonable indicator of an UGI source.
		As discussed in the patient who presents with hematemesis, the initial evaluation centers around rapid estimation of the volume of blood lost and the risk of ongoing or recurrent bleeding.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s09c10.html (7173 words)

	Military Medicine: Forty-Two-Year-Old Active Duty Marine Presents with Hematemesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A 42-year-old active duty marine presented to the emergency room with hematemesis.
		This article describes the appropriate step-by-step management for this individual with an upper gastrointestinal bleed, and we discuss potential differential diagnoses and update readers on the current aspects of managing his final diagnosis.
		Nearly all patients with active bleeding, manifested by hematemesis or hematochezia, need management in an acute care environment to facilitate optimal resuscitation and close observation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200405/ai_n9455092 (1311 words)

	* Hematemesis - (Disease): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It may result in anemia, vomiting blood (hematemesis), or the passage of bright red blood through the rectum (melena)...
		Determine the cause of persistent upper abdominal pain or bloating,...
		There is bleeding with easy bruising, blood spots in the skin (petechiae), spitting up blood (hematemesis), blood in the stool (melena), bleeding gums and nosebleeds (epistaxis)...
	www.bestknows.com /disease/hematemesis.html (146 words)

	Hemoptysis - Index - Pulmonology
		When blood originates outside of the respiratory tract, the spitting is commonly known as "pseudohemoptysis." Vomiting up blood, medically known as hematemesis, is one type of pseudohemoptysis.
		Differentiating between hemoptysis and hematemesis is an integral part of diagnosis.
		Since they involve different parts of the body, the prognoses (the prospect of recovery) and treatments are radically different.
	pulmonarychannel.com /hemoptysis (539 words)

	JPMA ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A 13-year-old boy presented with 3 episodes of massive hematemesis together with epistaxis in the last week.
		Patient was complaining of hematemesis 3-4 times every year for the last six years, for which he was transfused 35 units of blood but was not investigated for the cause of hematemesis.
		Portal hypertension is characterized by a pathologic increase in portal venous pressure that leads to the formation of an extensive network of porto systemic collaterals that divert a large fraction of portal blood to the systemic circulation, bypassing the liver.
	jpma.org.pk /JPMA/01Jan05/fulltext13.htm (1212 words)

	Bleeding Gastric Ulcer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Exam revealed this ulcer (at 9:00 o'clock position) with a white, fibrinous base, and a dark, protruding visible vessel, signifying the site of recent bleeding.
		Control of bleeding was achieved by injecting the vessel with epinephrine, followed by bipolar electrocautery.
		Endoscopy revealed a small bleeding ulcer (left and center); bleeding was massive despite the small size of the ulcer.
	www.endoatlas.com /st_ul_01.html (210 words)

	Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		LEFT: Active oozing of blood from the upper edge of a fibrin-based ulcer in the duodenal bulb of a 69 year-old man.
		CENTER: Rounded protuberance represents a visible vessel responsible for bleeding from a duodenal ulcer in this 69 year-old woman with hematemesis (vomiting blood).
		Endoscopy revealed a sentinel clot attached to an underlying ulcer in the duodenal bulb, with active bleeding.
	www.attgi.com /du_ul_02.htm (132 words)

	Arsenicum Album. - THE GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By CONSTANTINE HERING, M.D.
		Acute gastritis, painful vomiting of grass green solids or fluids, or after drinking.
		Hematemesis ; often with fl stools ; stitches in spleen, cold sweat on forehead ; burning in stomach, thready pulse, moaning, etc.
		Pain begins with stitches in right side under ribs, or spreads from left hypochondriac region over whole abdomen, up into œsophagus and to back and to shoulder blade.
	www.homeoint.org /hering/a/ars-4.htm (1430 words)

	Vomiting Blood, Hematemesis Symptoms & Signs
		Hematemesis is the term doctors use for blood vomiting.
		Vomiting blood may be due to various reasons, For example a low hemoglobin count may lead to blood vomiting, or the intake of certain medications or some other reason.
		Please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any course of supplementation or treatment.
	www.habibintl.com /vomiting_blood.htm (128 words)

	ai ye Artemisiae Argyi Folium Artemisia Argyi Stop bleeding eczema dermatitis An (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Bitter and acrid in taste, warm in nature, and attributive to spleen, liver and kidney channels.
		Stop bleeding by warming meridian: For asthenia-coid syndrome manifested as hematemesis, hemoptysis and epistaxis.
		For bleeding due to blood-heat, fresh herb should be used together with Radix Rehmanniae (sheng di huang), crude Cacumen Biotae and Folium Nelumbinis (he ye) (Bolus of Four Fresh Drugs).
	botanicum.com /singles/aiye.htm (222 words)

	The Chinese Medical Differentiation & Treatment of Blood Ejection - Blue Poppy Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As a rule, hematemesis must be considered a medical emergency until proven otherwise.
		These formulas are indicated not only for retching of blood but rather for blood ejection, including the Western medical conditions hemoptysis and hematemesis.
		However, as indicated in the indications section under each formula, some prescriptions are more appropriate to treat bleeding from the GI tract, whereas other formulas are more appropriate to treat bleeding from the lungs.
	www.bluepoppy.com /press/download/articles/blood_eject_apr01.cfm (3969 words)

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