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Topic: Hematophagy

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	Hematophagy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hematophagy is the habit of certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words, haima, blood, and phagein, eat).
		Some societies, such as the Moche, had ritual hematophagy, as well as the Scythes, a nomadic people of Russia, who had the habit of drinking the blood of the first enemy they would kill in battle.
		Some religious rituals underline the importance of metaphorical hematophagy, such as in the representation of blood of Jesus Christ by wine during Catholic mass.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hemetophagy (847 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hematophagy
		Genera Desmodus Diphylla Diaemus Vampire bats are bats that feed on blood (hematophagy).
		Hirudin is a naturally ocurring peptide in the salivary glands of medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) that has a blood anticoagulant property.
		Genera Genus Cimex Lectularius Hemipterus (Rotundatus) Pilosellus Pipistrella Genus Leptocimex Boueti Genus Haematosiphon Inodora Genus Oeciacus Hirudinis Vicarius Bedbugs (or bed bugs) are small nocturnal insects of the family Cimicidae that live by hematophagy, feeding on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hematophagy (2873 words)

	School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal
		There is an opinion that hematophagy is an initial feeding habit of dipterans as a whole.
		However, reasons against hematophagy as the ancestral diet of dipterans seem to be stronger.
		Apparently, the origin of hematophagy does not merely demarcate the time of the origin of the homoiothermal animals, but reflects their transformation into an ecologically important group.
	www.botany.unp.ac.za /Seminar/seminar2000.htm (3945 words)

	Patent 6,927,279
		Methods and compositions for preventing hematophagy (blood-feeding) in cattle, and treatment of thrombosis in a mammal are provided.
		By "hematophagy" is intended feeding on the blood of a host organism by another organism.
		By "hematophagous infestation" is intended a host-parasite relationship comprising feeding on the blood of the host by the parasite.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2005/Aug2005/080905/6927279_Antithrombin080905.htm (5036 words)

	Blood Sucking Behavior of insects and their Saliva
		Hematophagy appears to have evolved independently in at least 13 different families of arthropods.
		Thus, the conservation of these antihemostatic activities emphasizes that platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and coagulation represent significant obstacles in hematophagy (Ribeiro 1995).
		This finding suggests that: 1) hematophagy comes before the separation of major mosquito subfamilies and the different activities reflect adaptations to preferred hosts, or 2) blood feeding evolved independently after the separation of the subfamilies.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_2001/pike.htm (3108 words)

	TICK FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Tick is the common name for the small wingless arachnids that, along with mites, constitute the order ''Acarina''.
		Ticks are external parasites, living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and occasionally reptiles and amphibians.
		Ticks are an important vector of a number of human and animal diseases.
	www.splammer.com /?req=tick (1514 words)

	Antithrombin nucleotides and proteins from horn fly - Patent 6927279 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Thus, apyrase activity was eliminated as a mechanism of hematophagy by H.
		Thus, erythma activity was eliminated as a mechanism of hematophagy by H.
		The inability of hornfly SGE to elicit vasodilation when injected intradermally into the shaved skin of NZW rabbits, in vivo, was confirmed using laser doppler perfusion imaging.
	www.freepatentsonline.com:9003 /6927279.html (11779 words)

	SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY OF HEMATOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Electrophysiology: Successful electrophysiological recording from the labral apical receptors of mosquitoes demonstrated that these are the ATP receptors involved in the recognition of the blood meal.
		Induction of mosquito gorging: We demonstrated that thrombin activated platelets induced gorging by mosquitoes, even when diluted 20 fold - reemphasizing the role of platelets in hematophagy.
		International projects and other major activities: (i) Acting President of the 19th International Congress of Entomology, which took place in Beijing, China 1992 - with the participation of 4,000 people.
	www.md.huji.ac.il /depts/parasitology/p-3-1.html (214 words)


		They live in colonies and are very social - they look after each other's offspring in 'nurseries' and have complex grooming and food sharing behaviours.
		Vampire bats only eat blood -haemophagy UK or hematophagy US - but despite horror films and popular ideas, they don't actually suck blood from the host [animal or man], they lap the blood with their grooved tongues.
		When they find a suitable victim; they lick the skin which slightly anaethsetises the area, then shave the hair with their sharp teeth, then cut out a small piece of flesh and lap the blood as it forms a pool.
	alisonashwell.blogspot.com /2005/11/illustration-friday-night-vampire-bat.html (1407 words)

	Dr. Anthony A. James (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This last group of genes has been postulated or proven to be involved in the female-specific behavior of hematophagy.
		This analysis of sex- and region-specific gene expression identified candidate genes such as Apy or AFXa, whose promoters could be used to express an antiparasite gene in the most efficacious manner in the salivary glands.
		Ribeiro (1995) proposed that the saliva of hematophagic arthropods contains proteins and other molecules that facilitate hematophagy and possibly enhance the infectivity of pathogens transmitted during feeding.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~faculty/james (3128 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Natural cycles of vector-borne pathogens is well-illustrated in chapter 4, and these first chapters then serve as the basis for more detailed discussion of the major vectors, especially the anopheline and culicine mosquitoes.
		Methods for isolating and defining gene expression, viz., hematophagy, vector competence, and insect resistance, are correlated with other chapters.
		Section 3, with eight chapters, is an informative coverage of arthropod development and physiology as a basis for current and future research to better control arthropod vectorization.
	www.aavp.org /Oct96News.htm (8159 words)

	Memórias on line
		Observations on the attack of tabanids on one dead caiman are also presented.
		Key words: Tabanidae - horse fly - hematophagy - common caiman - anaconda - tropical forest - Amazon Basin
		Blood-feeding of tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) has been the subject of occasional observations and experiments in the tropics.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /971/4360.html (506 words)

	MORPHOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AND POLYPHYLETISM (Triatominae as a Model of Morphological Plasticity under Ecological ...
		Accepting indeed that the development of hematophagy and adaptations to more stable habitat are evolutionary forces homogenising external morphology (Schofield et al., this issue), some apparently similar species could have evolved from well differentiated predators and thus could present more genetic differences than expected.
		They have no discrete characters allowing clear differentiation, but three species groups can be distinguished within the genus by important genetic distances (
		These genetic differences, confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis using metric traits (Dujardin 1999b), could imply a relatively ancient separation between species occupying different geographical areas, but they could also reflect genetic differences acquired by their predatory ancestors prior to the development of hematophagy, and thus before morphological convergence.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /94sup1/24mor.html (315 words)

	Pre Columbian Society of Washington DC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Steve Bourget, Lecturer, Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceana and the Americas, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Mummies Myths and Middens: A Hundred Years of Smithsonian Anthropology and Archaeology in the
		A Taste for Blood: Ritual Hematophagy in Moche Society [summary of February 1999 program]
		Steve Bourget, Lecturer, Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceana and the Americas, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Before Gods, Before Kings: Tomb Sculptures of Ancient West Mexico [summary, PCS 1998 Symposium: Discovering the Occidente: Art and Archaeology of Ancient West Mexico]
	www.pcswdc.org /NEWSLETTER1999.html (646 words)

	Bioinformatics
		Here we can find the scientific abstract from the article concerning this protein.
		In your own words, what do you think the function of this enzyme is and how is it related to hematophagy?
		Fortunately, as is the case for some science journals, we can view for free the complete report describing this protein.
	www.angelfire.com /ga2/nestsite2/bioinform.html (5835 words)

	Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly? -- ...
		Edited by John H. Law, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, and approved March 28, 2000 (received for review January 11, 2000)
		The saliva of bloodsucking arthropods contains a large array of pharmacologically active compounds that assist hematophagy.
		Arthropod saliva is also responsible for causing uncomfortable
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/12/6704 (4398 words)

	Promoter Sequences of the Putative Anopheles gambiae Apyrase Confer Salivary Gland Expression in Drosophila ...
		Received for publication, November 29, 1999, and in revised form, April 26, 2000
		The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains an apyrase that facilitates hematophagy by inhibiting the ADP-induced aggregation
		We report here the isolation of a salivary
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/31/23861 (5199 words)

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