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Topic: Hemlock

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	Hemlock
		Hemlock (Conium maculatum L. Because of its association with the death of Socrates, hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) is one of the most recognized botanicals in ancient medicine.
		Hemlock is a member of the order Umbelliferae that also includes carrots, parsnips and fennel, as well as the now extinct silphium.
		Hemlock produces a large number of seeds, which then allow it to form large stands in a variety of soil types.
	www.medicinaantiqua.org.uk /sa_hemlock.html (629 words)

	Hemlock - LoveToKnow 1911
		Hemlock is a virulent poison, but it varies much in potency according to the conditions under which it has grown, and the season or stage of growth at which it is gathered.
		The poisonous property of hemlock resides chiefly in the alkaloid conine or conia which is found in both the fruits and the leaves, though in exceedingly small proportions in the latter.
		The principal forms in which hemlock is employed are the extract and juice of hemlock, hemlock poultice, and the tincture of hemlock fruits.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Hemlock (585 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Hemlock - Herb Profile and Information
		Hemlock was used in Anglo-Saxon medicine, and is mentioned as early as the tenth century.
		The use of Hemlock in modern medicine is due chiefly to the recommendation of Storch, of Vienna, since when (1760) the plant has been much employed, though it has lost some of its reputation owing to the uncertain action of the preparations made from it.
		Hemlock fruits were introduced into British medicine in 1864 as a substitute for the dried leaf in making the tincture, but it has been shown that a tincture, whether of leaf or fruit, is far inferior to the preserved juice of the herb.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/h/hemloc18.html (1763 words)

	Great Smoky Mountains National Park - Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (U.S. National Park Service)
		The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an aphid-like insect that covers itself with a white, waxy “wool” which acts as a protective coating for the insect.
		The hemlock woolly adelgid feeds on the sap at the base of hemlock needles, disrupting nutrient flow and causing the needles to change from deep green to a grayish green, then fall off.
		Hemlocks that are growing near campsites or are too tall to be sprayed are treated with a systemic insecticide (imidacloprid) either by soil drenching or by injecting the insecticide directly into the trunk.
	www.nps.gov /grsm/naturescience/hemlock-woolly-adelgid.htm (844 words)

	Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
		An IPM approach for A. tsugae on ornamental hemlocks includes carefully monitoring for the presence of the adelgid, implementing various cultural practices to enhance tree vigor and to discourage pest invasion, using mechanical and chemical control measures as needed to reduce adelgid populations, and promoting biological control by encouraging the activity of natural enemies.
		Eggs and crawlers of hemlock woolly adelgid are readily dislodged from the young hemlock twigs by wind and rain.
		The most common and effective method for controlling hemlock woolly adelgid on ornamental hemlocks is to thoroughly drench infested trees with horticultural oil, insecticidal soap or any one of numerous petrochemical insecticides that are specifically labeled for this use including diazinon, fluvalinate, imidacloprid and malathion.
	www.uri.edu /ce/factsheets/sheets/hemadelgid.html (1958 words)

	botany/tsuga
		Hemlock can be distinguished from other Conifers by its flat, linear, dark green leaves, which have two long, whitish lines on their lower surfaces.
		Hemlocks need plenty of room to grow; they shouldn't be crowded by other trees during their development or at maturity.
		pendula (Sargent's Weeping Hemlock), albo-spica, microphylla, macrophylla, Fremdii, nana and gracilis.
	www.botany.com /tsuga.html (667 words)

	Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
		Eastern hemlock (Pennsylvania's state tree) and Carolina hemlocks (found further south in the Smokey Mountain sections of the Appalachians) are more susceptible to hemlock woolly adelgid damage than Asian and western hemlock trees due to feeding tolerance and predators that protect the latter species.
		Hemlocks that have been affected by hemlock woolly adelgid often have a grayish-green appearance (hemlocks naturally have a shiny, dark green color).
		Particularly in the mountains, it is not uncommon to find hemlocks where the insect has been killed on the top third of the trees, where it's colder and windier, but survive on the bottom two-thirds.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/woollyadelgid/index.aspx (519 words)

	"Poison Hemlock" from the Montana State University Extension Service
		One distinguishing characteristic between poison hemlock and wild carrot is the lack of hairs on the leaves and stems of poison hemlock.
		In water hemlock, the root stalk is branching and tuberous, similar to that of a dahlia plant.
		Once poison hemlock is depleted, it is important to implement proper grazing, fertilization, and irrigation management to promote the growth of desired species and to reduce the risk of reinfestation.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/pubs/mt200013.html (2409 words)

	Journal of the International Plato Society
		In English, 'hemlock' refers not only to poison hemlock, but to water hemlock, hemlock water dropwort, lesser hemlock (fool’s parsley), and other herbs as well, all resembling each other in their lacy, umbrella-like flowers and tiny fruits.
		Hemlock could not have been a 'cold' poison as reported in all the ancient works, he contended, for the experiences of the eight poisoned children proved how very 'hot,' that is, conducive to violent seizures, it actually was.
		Especially in the first half of the century, doctors not only were feeding extracts of hemlock to their patients, toxicologists were deliberately poisoning themselves and dispatching huge numbers of laboratory animals as they studied the plant's physiological effects, and chemists were breathing its vapors as they sought to isolate its alkaloids.
	www.nd.edu /~plato/bloch.htm (5854 words)

	hemlock definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		poison: a poison obtained from the fruit of the poison hemlock plant.
		Hemlock was used in ancient Greece to execute people, and Socrates was forced to drink it when he was condemned to death.
		industry hemlock wood: the wood of the hemlock tree.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861617409 (133 words)

	NYSDEC Region 8 / Hemlock Lake
		Hemlock is one of the two Finger Lakes whose shorelines are virtually undeveloped.
		Hemlock Lake is one of the sources of water for the City of Rochester.
		Recreational use of Hemlock Lake is regulated by the City of Rochester Water Department.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/reg8/lakes/hemlock.html (424 words)

	Floridata: Tsuga canadensis
		Eastern hemlock is a handsome and graceful pyramid shaped evergreen conifer.
		The foliage of the eastern hemlock is soft and graceful and the small cones hang from the branches (as opposed to the true firs which hold their cones upright).
		Hemlocks were once harvested solely for their bark and great trees were left to rot in the forest after the valuable bark was removed.
	www.floridata.com /ref/T/tsug_can.cfm (820 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : Eastern Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hemlock bark was once the source of tannin for the leather industry; now the wood is important to the pulp and paper industry.
		Cones of eastern hemlock are the smallest in the genus, from 13 to 19 mm (0.5 to 0.75 in) long; 35.2 liters (1 bushel) of cones weigh about 15.4 kg (34 lb), and yield from 0.64 to 0.68 kg (1.4 to 1.5 lb) of seed.
		Eastern hemlock is sensitive to salt spray or drift and sulfur fumes and is one of the species most often struck by lightning (16,25).
	wildwnc.org /trees/Tsuga_canadensis.html (4799 words)

	DNR - Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
		The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) is a small aphid-like insect that feeds on several species of hemlock (Tsuga spp.) in Asia, its homeland, and in North America since 1924.
		Hemlock Woolly Adelgid is most commonly found on the underside of needle bearing branch tips.
		Since Hemlock Woolly Adelgid is primarily spread to native trees from planted stock, carefully inspect any purchased trees prior to planting.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_25065-33881--,00.html (423 words)

	Poison Hemlock - Exotic Aquatics on The Move
		Poison Hemlock is also commonly confused with wild carrot, cow parsnip, etc. Human deaths have occurred from harvesting and consuming the roots as wild carrots or parsnips.
		Poison hemlock is not highly palatable to cattle, horses, and sheep and rarely will they eat a toxic amount of it if more palatable vegetation is available on the range.
		Although, herbicides and routine cultivation severely reduce the amount of poison hemlock in grain fields, seed contamination is still a potential danger in unsprayed or newly established grain fields.
	www.iisgcp.org /exoticsp/Poison_Hemlock.htm (1186 words)

	Hemlock
		Hemlocks are handsome and stately evergreen trees, valued for their deep green color and graceful habit.
		Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) prefer the mountain slopes of the Pacific coast region.
		Canadian Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina Hemlock (T. caroliniana) are common in eastern forests where they are, unfortunately, under siege by the woolly adelgid aphid.
	www.yardener.com /Hemlock.html (287 words)

	Hemlock
		The wood of the eastern hemlock is used extensively as construction lumber, and tannins produced by the bark were at one time used for tanning leather.
		The Carolina hemlock is a somewhat smaller tree, rarely as tall as 21 m (70 ft), that grows in the mountains of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
		The mountain hemlock is another relatively small species, 6 to 27 m (20 to 90 ft) tall, which grows along the Pacific coast from Alaska to California.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/plants/hemlock.htm (324 words)

	Tree Totem-Trees-Hemlock
		Hemlocks have a typical conifer growth pattern, with a central trunk and small, fairly short radial branches.
		Hemlock needles are short, usually less than an inch long growing in 2 rows along each side of the branch.
		The European weed, a very poisonous umbelliferous herb water hemlock (conium maculatum) related to the carrot family is the plant that killed Socrates.
	treetotem.com /tehemlock.htm (1160 words)

	Hemlock, What is Hemlock? About its Science, Chemistry and Structure
		The eyewitness reports of Socrates' death are principally to thank for this, however hemlock's toxicity is also referred to in other ancient texts, including the Old Testament, which proves that hemlock's reputation was well established long before Socrates was put to death.
		Poison hemlock (conium maculatum) is native to most parts of Europe and since its introduction to the USA has become well established there too.
		The name 'hemlock' comes from the Anglo-Saxon hemleac (meaning 'shore-plant'), whilst its botanical name is derived from the Greek word 'konas' (to whirl about) since one of the main symptoms of hemlock poisoning is unsteadiness.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=119 (472 words)

	hemlock. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The ground hemlock is a species of yew.
		The poison hemlock and water hemlock are herbs of the family Umbelliferae (carrot family) of the division Magnoliophyta.
		True hemlock is classified in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, order Coniferales, family Pinaceae.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/hemlock.html (185 words)

	Assisted Suicide
		Born in 1980 in my garage in Santa Monica, California, Hemlock went on to be the largest and oldest right-to-die organization in America fighting for voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide to be made legal for terminally and hopelessly ill adults.
		Hemlock became to be sourced in medical and legal texts and has become respected as one of the pioneer right-to-die organizations in the world.
		Hemlock also lost its famous (or infamous) logo – a wisp of the graceful hemlock weed bending in the breeze – and also its motto, Good Life, Good Death, as Madison Avenue types rushed in to dress up a fresh, politically-correct image.
	www.assistedsuicide.org /farewell-to-hemlock.html (1563 words)

	eMedicine - Plant Poisoning, Hemlock : Article Excerpt by: Daniel E Brooks, MD
		Historically, poison hemlock was reportedly used to execute Socrates and the Old Testament describes rhabdomyolysis in Israelites who consumed quail fed on hemlock.
		Poison hemlock, an exotic species introduced to the US, is a ubiquitous plant with fernlike properties that may reach a height of 2 meters.
		Water hemlock is typically found growing in moist habitats, such as drainage ditches, marshes, and near bodies of fresh water.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/plant-poisoning-hemlock.htm (577 words)

	Hemlock Printers - Environmental Commitment
		Hemlock recently became the first printer in North America to sign an Ancient Forest Friendly policy, and we are committed to phasing out use of any papers from old-growth forests by 2008.
		Hemlock Printers has gained expertise with a wide variety of inks and papers, and with the technologies necessary to achieve printing excellence using such materials.
		Hemlock Printers continues to foster such relationships, and to promote environmental awareness within the industry and the community at large.
	www.hemlock.com /environmental_commitment.html (1436 words)

	Hemlock Printers - Full service commercial printing company. Burnaby, Vancouver, BC, Pacific West Coast.
		Hemlock is Western Canada’s premier commercial sheetfed printer, competitively offering a full range of integrated services, from "disk to distribution", through our main plant and our small press division – Hemlock Express, both located in Burnaby, BC.
		Hemlock occupies a state-of-the-art facility that includes in-house colour separations, electronic prepress, Kodak's direct to plate Prinergy workflow, eight Heidelberg Speedmaster presses, versatile bindery and distribution.
		Hemlock Printers is the printer of choice for many advertising agencies, designers and leading corporations in Western Canada and the United States and is the first printer in the Pacific Northwest to receive the chain-of-custody certification from the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
	www.hemlock.com (479 words)

	Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Alert
		The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid is a serious pest of hemlock in the northeastern United States.
		Hemlock Woolly Adelgids were inadvertently brought into Maine on hemlocks from infested areas of the country.
		Hemlock is an important component of Maine's forests.
	www.maine.gov /doc/mfs/idmhwa.htm (389 words)

	27. SPOTTED WATER-HEMLOCK, WATER-HEMLOCK, SPOTTED COWBANE
		Animals may also be poisoned if water hemlock is plowed under or if ground is reclaimed, since this may expose the root.
		If a sublethal dose is consumed, and the animal survives for 4 to 6 hours (or in one report, over 2 hours), the animal may recover, but may suffer from temporary or permanent damage to heart and/or skeletal muscle.
		Prevent access to these areas or completely remove the plant (most importantly the roots) prior to introducing livestock, especially in the spring or when the roots may be exposed due to plowing, ditch maintenance, or other such activity.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /depts/addl/toxic/plant27.htm (722 words)

	Friends of Hemlock Gorge Reservation
		, Hemlock Gorge is a jewel of the Eastern Massachusetts
		The new mansion that overlooks Hemlock Gorge and the Charles River.
		Ken is remembered as an historian and longtime Friend of Hemlock Gorge and author of A Walking Tour of Hemlock Gorge and Makers of the Mold, a full-length illustrated history of the Newton Upper Falls community which borders Hemlock Gorge.
	www.hemlockgorge.org (4988 words)

	Hemlock Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pacific Coast Hemlock -- fine-grained, timber from the mature coastal forests of British Columbia -- is fast becoming an important challenger in the traditionally hardwood-oriented industries of millwork and joinery manufacturing.
		Hemlock's beautiful appearance and affinity for gluing make it a natural choice for laminated, veneered and finger-jointed furniture manufacture.
		The wood's close texture and freedom from pitch eliminate "bleeding" through the surface finish; and the grain pattern is sufficiently unobtrusive to accept a wide range of solid, semi-transparent or clear finishes smoothly and evenly in either paint or stain.
	www.weyerhaeuser.com /coastalwood/wyhemlock/default.asp (704 words)

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