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Topic: Hendrik Lorentz

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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Special relativity

Lorentz force

Newtonian Mechanics

Lorentz force law

Length contraction

James Clerk Maxwell

Hermann Minkowski

Electromagnetism

Arthur Eddington

Classical mechanics

Albert Einstein

Hendrik Goltzius

Max Planck

Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef

	Hendrik Lorentz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lorentz theorized that the atoms might consist of charged particles and suggested that the oscillations of these charged particles were the source of light.
		Lorentz's achievements in what we now call the special theory of relativity was subsequently over-shadowed by Einstein's great achievement of the general theory of relativity, which became world famous after an experimental test in 1919.
		Lorentz was chairman of the first Solvay Conference held in Brussels in the autumn of 1911.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz (1294 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hendrik Lorentz
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Arnhem, 18 juli 1853 – Haarlem, 4 februari 1928) was één van Nederlands grootste wis- en natuurkundigen.
		Lorentz verklaarde dit doordat de verschillende stoffen verschillende soorten, aantallen of plaatsing van ladingsdragers hadden.
		Een van de voorspellingen van Lorentz was dat in een magnetisch veld de spectraallijnen van atomen zich zouden moeten splitsen.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hendrik-Lorentz (731 words)

	Hendrik A. Lorentz - Biography
		From Lorentz stems the conception of the electron; his view that his minute, electrically charged particle plays a rôle during electromagnetic phenomena in ponderable matter made it possible to apply the molecular theory to the theory of electricity, and to explain the behaviour of light waves passing through moving, transparent bodies.
		The so-called Lorentz transformation (1904) was based on the fact that electromagnetic forces between charges are subject to slight alterations due to their motion, resulting in a minute contraction in the size of moving bodies.
		It may well be said that Lorentz was regarded by all theoretical physicists as the world's leading spirit, who completed what was left unfinished by his predecessors and prepared the ground for the fruitful reception of the new ideas based on the quantum theory.
	uk.geocities.com /ferdgill/sdf/lorentz.html (7446 words)

	Hendrik Lorentz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem – February 4, 1928, Haarlem) the winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize for his work on electromagnetic radiation.
		However Lorentz never fully accepted quantum theory and hoped it would be incorporated back into the classical approach.
		He possessed and successfully employed the mental vivacity which is necessary to follow the interplay of discussion, the insight which is required to extract those statements which illuminate the real difficulties, and the wisdom to lead the discussion among fruitful channels, and he did this so skillfully taught the process was hardly perceptible.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Hendrik_Lorentz (627 words)

	Hendrik Lorentz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hendrik Lorentz was born on July 18, 1853 in Arnhem, Holland.
		Lorentz was given many awards for his work on the properties of light and relativity.
		Lorentz suspected that vibrations of the charge in an atom caused the waves of light.
	www.usd.edu /phys/courses/phys300/gallery/clark/lorentz.html (595 words)

	Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On this he based his explanation of the Zeeman effect (a change in spectrum lines in a magnetic field), for which he shared with Pieter Zeeman the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics.
		He extended the hypothesis of G. Fitzgerald, an Irish physicist, that the length of a body contracts as its speed increases (see Lorentz contraction), and he formulated the Lorentz transformation, by which space and time coordinates of one moving system can be correlated with the known space and time coordinates of any other system.
		Lorentz also discovered (1880), simultaneously with L. Lorenz of the Univ. of Copenhagen, the relations (known as Lorentz-Lorenz relations) between the refraction of light and the density of a translucent body.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Lorentz.html (253 words)

	Science-tician? Lorentz
		Hendrik Lorentz attended primary school in Arnhem until he was 13 years of age when he entered the new High School there.
		Lorentz refined Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in his doctoral thesis The theory of the reflection and refraction of light presented in 1875.
		Lorentz is also famed for his work on the FitzGerald- Lorentz contraction, which is a contraction in the length of an object at relativistic speeds.
	www.francesfarmersrevenge.com /stuff/science/lorentz.htm (646 words)

	Biography of A. Lorenz
		Hendrik Antoon Lorenz was born at Arnhem, The Netherlands, on July 18, 1853, as the son of nursery-owner Gerrit Frederik Lorenz and his wife née Geertruida van Ginkel.
		Lorentz was a man of immense personal charm.The very picture of unselfishness, full of genuine interest in whoever had the privilege of crossing his path, he endeared himself both to the leaders of his age and to the ordinary citizen.
		In I88I Lorentz married Aletta Catharina Kaiser, whose father,J. Kaiser, Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, was the Director of the Museum which later became the well-known Rijksmuseum (National Gallery) of Amsterdam, and the designer of the first postage stamps of The Netherlands.
	www.msa.nl /AMSTEL/www/Vakken/Natuur/htm/nobel/physics-1902-1-bio.htm (1003 words)

	Lorentz
		Hendrik Lorentz attended Mr Timmer's Primary School in Arnhem until he was 13 years of age when he entered the new High School there.
		Lorentz is also famed for his work on the FitzGerald-Lorentz contraction, which is a contraction in the length of an object at relativistic speeds.
		Lorentz transformations, which he introduced in 1904, form the basis of Einstein's special theory of relativity.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Lorentz.html (912 words)

	Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
		Since it was generally believed that an electric current was made up of charged particles, Lorentz later theorized that the atoms of matter might also consist of charged particles and suggested that the oscillations of these charged particles (electrons) inside the atom were the source of light.
		Lorentz' electron theory was not, however, successful in explaining the negative results of the Michelson-Morley experiment, an effort to measure the velocity of the Earth through the hypothetical luminiferous ether by comparing the velocities of light from different directions.
		Lorentz arrived at the notion that moving bodies approaching the velocity of light contract in the direction of motion.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/356_61.html (404 words)

	The End of My Latin
		At about this time, Lorentz derived the fact that although Maxwell's equations (taking the permissivity and permeability of the vacuum to be invariants) of the electromagnetic field are not covariant with respect to (1), they are covariant with respect to a complete set of velocity transformations, namely, those of the form
		Recall that Lorentz took Maxwell's equations to be "the fundamental equations of the electromagnetic field" with respect to the inertial rest frame of the luminiferous ether.
		Lorentz's equation [300] is simply the transformation law for electromagnetic forces, and his equations [305] give the relativistic expressions for the transverse and longitudinal masses of a particle. Lorentz has previously presented these expressions as
	www.mathpages.com /rr/s3-06/3-06.htm (418 words)

	Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Biography / Biography of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz World of Physics Biography
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was widely regarded as the world's leading theoretical physicist at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth.
		In the first decade of the twentieth century, Lorentz worked on the effect of motion on the properties of a particle, foreshadowing some of the fundamental concepts that were later to become part of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was born in Arnhem in the Netherlands, on July 18, 1853.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-hendrik-antoon-lorentz-wop (255 words)

	Wikinfo \| Special relativity
		Before the formulation of special relativity, Hendrik Lorentz and others had already noted that electromagnetics differed from Newtonian physics in that observations by one of some phenomenon can differ from those of a person moving relative to that person at speeds nearing the speed of light.
		Lorentz suggested an aether theory in which objects and observers travelling with respect to a stationary aether underwent a physical shortening (Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction) and a change in temporal rate (time dilation).
		While Lorentz suggested the Lorentz transformation equations as a mathematical description that accurately described the results of measurements, Einstein's contribution was to derive these equations from a more fundamental theory.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Special_relativity (1572 words)

	Why Was Michelson Surprised?
		Lorentz was initially unable to account for the apparent absence of second-order variations in the speed of light, but he eventually developed a theory incorporating both time dilation and length contraction (first suggested by George Fitzgerald in 1892) to match the experimental results.
		Lorentz had been laboring to develop a constructive theory, by determining the detailed physical processes that give material objects their shapes and sizes, all assuming a Galilean background of space and time, i.e., a spacetime consisting of the Cartesian product of a three-dimensional Euclidean space manifold with a one-dimensional time manifold.
		From this standpoint it was not unreasonable to hypothesize that the structure of all (non-ether) material entities was established and enforced by signals that propagate at the absolute speed c with respect to the ether.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath241/kmath241.htm (1544 words)

	Lorentz contraction
		Lorentz contraction, in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. Lorentz on theoretical grounds and based on an earlier suggestion by G. Fitzgerald; it is sometimes called the Fitzgerald, or Lorentz-Fitzgerald, contraction.
		Although the Lorentz contraction did not succeed entirely in reconciling the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment with classical theory, it did serve as the basis for the mathematics of Einstein's theory of relativity.
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz - Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon, 1853–1928, Dutch physicist, a pioneer in formulating the relations...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0830308.html (332 words)

	Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lorentz was appointed professor of mathematical physics at Leiden University in 1878.
		Lorentz later theorized that the atoms of matter might also consist of charged particles and suggested that the oscillations of these charged particles inside the atom were the source of light.
		In 1896 Zeeman, a pupil of Lorentz, demonstrated this phenomenon, known as the Zeeman effect, and in 1902 they were awarded the Nobel Prize for their efforts.
	www.phy.bg.ac.yu /web_projects/giants/lorentz.htm (388 words)

	Hendrik Lorentz - Uncyclopedia
		Hendrik Lorentz was born sometime in the 19th century.
		After returning from his timetravels Lorentz was diagnosed with severe schizophrenia and a very warped sense of time (and humour).
		As a grown up Hendrik came up with the idea of relativity, but he dismissed the idea as nonsense and threw it in the trash can.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz (160 words)

	Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lorentz spent most of his career trying to develop and improve Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory.
		He took the matter further with his method of transforming space and time coordinates, later known as Lorentz transformations, which prepared the way for Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
		Lorentz was born in Arnhem and studied at Leiden, where he became professor of theoretical physics at the age of 24.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/L/Lorentz/1.html (137 words)

	[No title]
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was born in Arnheim, Holland in 1853.
		Lorentz also expounded the electron theory which assumed that the atoms of all 92 elements consisted of electrons arranged in different groupings and associated with a nucleus of opposite electrical charge.
		Lorentz predicted that electrons moving at high speeds should exhibit an increased mass and would undergo length contraction.
	www.softcom.net /users/greebo/einstein.htm (3527 words)

	Wikiversity:Special Relativity - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		While these experiments were controversial for some time, a consensus emerged that the speed of light does not vary with the speed of the observer, and since—according to Maxwell's equations—it does not vary with the speed of the source, the speed of light must be invariant for all observers.
		While Lorentz suggested the Lorentz transformation equations, Einstein's contribution was, inter alia, to derive these equations from a more fundamental theory, which theory did not require the presence of an aether.
		The Lorentz transformation describes the way a vector in spacetime as seen by an observer O1 changes when it is seen by an observer O2 in a different inertial system.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Wikiversity:Special_Relativity (3192 words)

	H.A. Kramers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hendrik Anthony Kramers (1894-1952) was appointed Ehrenfest's successor in Leiden in 1934.
		Undoubtedly, Lorentz was the greater physicist and the influence of his work has been more profound and enduring than that of Kramers, but Kramers's interests covered a wider field.
		Lorentz confined his activities to the field of physics: "The physicist must restrict himself to reading in his way in the book of the world", he says in one of his many popular addresses.
	www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl /history/kramers/kramers.html (205 words)

	Teylers museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The famous scientist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928) won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1902.
		At the time of his appointment Lorentz was at the height of his scientific career and was a central figure in the international community of physicists.
		The exhibition concentrates on Lorentz's work as well as that of a team of physicists selected by him, who were also connected to the Teyler laboratory.
	www.teylersmuseum.nl /site1995/engels/exposities/lorentz.html (117 words)

	Lie derivative
		Neither is the Lorentz force equal to THE LIE DERIVATIVE acting on covariants (differential forms) ** The Lie derivative with respect to V acting on a covariant exterior 1-form A has two parts.
		Neither is the Lorentz force > equal to THE LIE DERIVATIVE acting on covariants (differential forms) ** > The Lie derivative with respect to V acting on a covariant exterior > 1-form A has two parts.
		RMK - ARK on Lorentz Force I have my opinion that differential topology is significant and its applications should be encouraged.
	quantumfuture.net /quantum_future/lie.htm (8445 words)

	Zeeman, Lorentz & the electron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz modified and completed Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism.
		In his theory the electric and magnetic properties of matter are interpreted in terms of the motion of charged atomic particles.
		Lorentz was able to explain the new phenomenon with his electron theory.
	www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl /history/lorentz/lorentz.html (200 words)

	Physics: Hendrik Lorentz: Explaining the Lorentz Transformation
		Hendrik Lorentz assumed the electron was a charged particle which 'generated' a spherical spatially extended electromagnetic field in the ether.
		Lorentz imagined that the ether exists throughout Space and that fields existed as a 'state' of this ether.
		This is a general principle, and is the foundation of Einstein's principle of special relativity and thus his postulate that the velocity of light is always measured to be the same.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-Hendrik-Lorentz.htm (2460 words)

	Hendrik Antoon Lorentz -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Dutch physicist and joint winner (with Pieter Zeeman) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1902 for his theory of electromagnetic radiation, which, confirmed by findings of Zeeman, gave rise to Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity.
		Required to describe high-speed phenomena approaching the speed of light, Lorentz transformations formally express the relativity concepts that space and time are not absolute; that length, time, and mass depend on the...
		U.S. historian and illustrator Hendrik Willem van Loon was the first recipient of the American Library Association's Newbery Medal, a prestigious honor recognizing excellence in children's literature.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9048963 (693 words)

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