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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Henry IV
		Henry IV was marked by an increased centralization of the royal authority and by great industrial, commercial, and agricultural prosperity, due in a large measure to the intelligent solicitude of Sully.
		Henry IV of the appointment of unworthy candidates and of children to abbacies and bishoprics.
		Henry IV, however, contributed towards it, owing to the influence of Père Coton, by favouring the work of the Jesuits, who, although they had been banished by a decree of the Parlement of Paris, were left undisturbed in the districts under the jurisdiction of the Parlements of Bordeaux and Toulouse.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07225a.htm (0 words)

	Henry IV, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Henry saved his life by abjuring Protestantism; however, he remained a virtual prisoner of the court until 1576, when he escaped, returned to the Protestant faith, and joined the combined Protestant and moderate Roman Catholic forces in the fifth of the Wars of Religion (see Religion, Wars of).
		Henry became the legal heir to the French throne upon the death (1584) of Francis, duke of Alençon, brother and heir to King Henry III, who had succeeded Charles IX in 1574.
		Henry’s marriage to Margaret of Valois was annulled in 1599.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Henry4Fr.html (635 words)

	Henry IV of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry IV was the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome and Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre.
		Henry IV was the 9th cousin of King Henry II, and the 9th cousin once removed of kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III.
		Although the statue of Henri IV in Paris was destroyed during the French Revolution, as well as those of all the other French kings, it was the first one to be rebuilt when the monarchy was restored in 1814, and it still stands today on the Pont Neuf of Paris.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_IV_of_France (2071 words)

	Henry IV of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry IV (April 3, 1367 – March 20, 1413) was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, "Henry of Bolingbroke".
		Henry, however, had a rather more equivocal relationship with Richard: they were first cousins and childhood playmates, and were admitted together to the Order of the Garter in 1377, but Henry participated in the Lords Appellant’s rebellion against the King in 1387.
		The relationship between Henry and the King reached a second crisis in 1398, when Richard banished Henry from the kingdom for ten years -- with John of Gaunt's approval -- to avoid a blood feud between Henry of Bolingbroke and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (who was exiled for life).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_IV_of_England (906 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Henry IV
		Henry IV German King and Roman Emperor, son of Henry III and Agnes of Poitou, b.
		This hapless king was truly the idol of his people because of his pride as a ruler, his earnest defence of the dignity of the empire and his benevolent care for the peace of the empire and the welfare of the common people.
		Here the final decision in Henry's case was left to the pope, and a resolution was passed that if Henry were not freed from excommunication within a year he should forfeit the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07230a.htm (0 words)

	Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Summary
		Born at Pau in Béarn on Dec. 14, 1553, Henry IV was the son of Antoine, Duc de Bourbon, and Jeanne d'Albret, daughter of the king of Navarre.
		Henry was the eldest son of the Emperor Henry III, by his second wife Agnes de Poitou, and was probably born at the royal palace at Goslar.
		Henry had him condemned by a Saxon diet and then a national one at Quedlinburg and Regensburg respectively, but was defeated by Egbert when a relief army came to the margrave's rescue during the siege of Gleichen.
	www.bookrags.com /Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (3274 words)

	Henri IV
		Henry IV himself in a personal letter written two days before the momentous events at Saint-Denis referred to his conversion as taking "the perilous leap." Some have suggested that Henry's conversion was purely politically motivated, and cite the famous quotation attributed to him: "Paris vaut bien une messe," ("Paris is well worth a Mass").
		Henry IV took a keen interest in architectural developments, and during his reign the completion of various new projects significantly modified the general appearance of the medieval city of Paris.
		Henry IV was an astute and clever king, a shrewd judge of character, and capable of arousing in the minds of many who served him a strong feeling of loyalty and devotion.
	www.bama.ua.edu /~gderoche/henriiv/intro.htm (6879 words)

	Henry IV, king of England. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Henry’s claim to the throne was confirmed by Parliament in September.
		The Percys (Sir Henry Percy, his father, the 1st earl of Northumberland, and his uncle, the earl of Worcester), once the king’s partisans, unexpectedly rebelled and were defeated at Shrewsbury in 1403.
		Henry V came to a throne made temporarily secure by the military efforts of his father, but Henry IV had lacked the skill and patience to restore the financial stability of the crown, now enormously in debt, and to provide a satisfactory administration of civil justice.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Henry4Eng.html (586 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Henry IV Richard II had been deposed because he had been arbitrary, but also because he ran a narrow government rather than a broadly based one, because he won no profitable and inspiring victories, and because he taxed the country heavily.
		Henry had returned to England to vindicate his hereditary right to the duchy of Lancaster, and most of his support had been support for that popular cause.
		In the circumstances, Henry was doomed to be a suspicious, insecure king.
	the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/henryiv.html (1907 words)

	::Henry IV::
		Henry VI is considered one of the greatest kings of France and was instrumental in ending the French Wars Of Religion.
		Henry`s measures were very much ad hoc but his main desire was to centralise the power of the monarch i.e.
		Henry had an inner circle called the Conseil des Affaires which was a six man ring of ministers which Henry consulted on a day to day basis.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /H4.htm (1017 words)

	Analysis of Shakespeare's Sources for 1 Henry IV
		Henry may be remorseful for usurping the throne and ordering the murder of Richard, but his method of penance seems to be too charged politically for guilt to be the main reason for his actions.
		Henry is the archetypal Machiavellian ruler, and his attempt to wage a crusade is sheer brilliance according to Machiavellian doctrine.
		Henry, in the drama, is immediately faced with the rebellion prophesied in Richard II once he takes office, and this subsequently gives a greater credibility to the idea that the rebellion is more a divine punishment than a simple, typical uprising that could happen to any king at any time.
	www.shakespeare-online.com /sources/1henryivsources.html (2119 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Lancastrians > Henry IV
		Henry IV spent much of the early part of his reign fighting to keep control of his lands.
		An outbreak of the plague in 1400 was accompanied by a revolt in Wales led by Owen Glendower.
		Henry was dogged by illness from 1405 onwards; his son played a greater role in government (even opposing the King at times).
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page52.asp (191 words)

	Henry IV, king of France — Infoplease.com
		Henry IV, king of France: Struggle for Succession - Struggle for Succession Henry became the legal heir to the French throne upon the death (1584) of...
		Henry IV, king of France: Early Life - Early Life Raised as a Protestant, he was recognized (1569) by the Huguenot leader Gaspard de...
		A kingdom in crisis: Henry IV and the battle of Shrewsburry: Alastair Dunn discusses the battle and its repercussions in its 600th......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0823376.html (318 words)

	Henry IV
		Though Henry does not seem to have planned his usurpation*, it was an easy step to the throne, thanks to Richard's military ineptitude and great unpopularity.
		Henry, in contrast, was popular both with the commons and the nobility*, and he gained much sympathy because his father's lands had been wrongfully taken from him.
		Many nobles flocked to join Henry when he landed at Ravenspur in Yorkshire, but the most powerful among them were his brother- in-law, the Earl of Westmorland, and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/history/henryiv.html (435 words)

	King Henry IV Part 2 by William Shakespeare. Search, Read, Study, Discuss.
		Henry IV wakes, calling Hal back, and rebukes Hal for wishing him dead and taking the crown, though Hal claims he only though his father dead and wanted to protect the crown.
		Henry IV advises Henry V to wage foreign wars as king to occupy Britain's time and to increase Henry V's popularity, then Henry IV dies.
		Henry IV was a usurper and not much of a king.
	www.online-literature.com /shakespeare/henryIV2 (898 words)

	BBC - History - Henry IV (1367 - 1413)
		Henry was born in Lancashire in April 1367.
		In 1386 Henry joined a group of opposition leaders - the lords appellants - who outlawed Richard's closest associates and forced the king to accept their counsel.
		As Henry's health deteriorated, a power struggle developed between his favourite, Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury, and a faction headed by Henry's half brothers and his son, Prince Henry.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/henry_iv_king.shtml (409 words)

	GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Henry IV (Pirandello) Study Guide - Short Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Henry IV is a man who went mad after being knocked off his horse during a masquerade.
		Henry speaks to them, but as far as they are concerned he is mad and so they do not pay attention to anything he says.
		Henry explains that after waking up twelve years after the accident, he realized that he was more comfortable playing Henry IV than dealing with changes in the outer world.
	www.gradesaver.com /classicnotes/titles/henryivp/shortsumm.html (778 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		Henry IV was born at Bolingbroke in 1367 to John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster.
		Henry had an on-again, off-again relationship with his cousin, Richard II He was one of the Lords Appellant who, in 1388, persecuted many of Richard's advisor-favorites, but his excellence as a soldier gained the king's favor - Henry was created Duke of Hereford in 1397.
		In 1413, Henry died in the Jerusalem Chamber of Westminster Abbey.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon34.html (0 words)

	Henry IV Part II
		At the end of the latter play, the forces of King Henry IV defeat a rebel army at Shrewsbury, on the Welsh-English border, in 1403 during a battle in which the king’s son, Prince Henry (Hal), distinguishes himself by slaying the rebels’ champion, Hotspur.
		Henry IV Part II focuses on the final defeat of the remaining rebel forces, the illness and approaching death of King Henry, the further misadventures of Falstaff, and the transition of Hal from the carefree pub-crawler that he was in Part I to a sober-minded heir to the throne of England.
		Henry IV Part II is a history play about the last days of King Henry IV and the accession to the throne of his son, Prince Henry (Hal) as King Henry V.
	cummingsstudyguides.net /xHenry4Part2.html (2194 words)

	BJU ~ Henry IV
		As the play begins, King Henry IV is temporarily blinded by the shallow values of the fiery Hotspur, son of the Earl of Northumberland, a proud, self-serving, and devious man. Henry admires Hotspur's single-minded pursuit of chivalric honor, even though the ill-tempered youth heads a rebellion against him.
		Henry V, the God-chosen king and chivalric hero whom historians refer to as "the mirror of all Christian kings," is a kindly disposed, witty man who understands human nature.
		Henry V's first act as king is his own reconciliation with the Lord Chief Justice, England's executive officer of law and order who once arrested young Hal.
	www.bju.edu /campus/fa/cod/cp/henry4 (645 words)

	Who's Who in 16th century France
		Henri IV Henri IV (Henri de Navarre, Henri de Bourbon), 1553-1610, first Bourbon king of France, was the son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret.
		His recognition of Henri de Navarre (later Henri IV) as heir presumptive was opposed by Henri, 3rd Duc de Guise, head of the Catholic League (the "War of the Three Henrys" resulted).
		Her eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Phillip II of Spain, her daughter Claude married the Duke of Lorraine (it was at the celebration of this marriage that the fateful accident occurred), and her youngest daughter Marguerite married Henri de Navarre (Henri IV).
	www.lepg.org /people.htm (1892 words)

	William Shakespeare - Henry IV Part 1
		To atone for Richard's death Henry IV resolves to lead a crusade to Jerusalem but his departure is prevented by news of civil unrest.
		Hal frees Douglas while Henry IV divides his forces to continue 'the pursuit of Mortimer and the Welsh, and of the Northumberland faction.
		Henry IV, Part I was written about 1596-7 and was probably performed in 1598, the year in which it was first printed.
	www.shakespeare.org.uk /main/1/168 (550 words)

	The Plays Of Shakespeare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Henry is the Prince of Wales and son of King Henry IV in King Henry IV part 1 and in King Henry IV part II.
		Henry is the Earl of Richmond, a youth in King Henry VI part III.
		Henry Percy is the son of the Earl of Northumberland in King Richard II and in King Henry IV part 1.
	www.ii.uj.edu.pl /staff/artur/enc/K.htm (7205 words)

	Shakespeare's History Cycles: Historical Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Henry's son, Henry VI, who led the branch of the family called the Lancastrians (the party of the Red Rose) was challenged by the Yorkist branch of the family (the party of the White Rose).
		Henry VII was the father of Henry VIII and therefore the grandfather of Queen Elizabeth.
		Henry's claim to the throne is disputed by the Yorkist members of the family, led by Richard Plantaganet, who revive the old dispute about the legitimacy of the Lancastrian claim to the throne.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~johnstoi/eng366/roses.htm (2160 words)

	Henry IV -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Henry IV, Part 1 is the second in a sequence of four history plays (the others being Richard II, Henry IV, Part 2, and Henry V) known collectively as the “second tetralogy,” treating major events of English history in the late...
		Henry IV, Part 2 is the third in a sequence of four...
		Pope Gregory VII's 11th-century removal of Henry IV from the throne of Germany, one of the episodes of the Investiture Controversy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9040030 (781 words)

	Holy War in Henry Fifth
		The elder Henry plans a holy war against the Turks as a means to quell civil war at home and to ease his conscience for usurping the throne, and his dying words include the advice to his son to 'busy giddy minds with foreign quarrels' to solidify his shaky regime (II Henry IV 4.5.213-14).
		This explains Henry's manipulation of religion as the outcome of '"a passage from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and the modern world,"...the familiar story of disenchantment in which religious attitudes toward history and politics give way to secular and humanistic attitudes...a fall from sacramental kingship to a Machiavellian conception of kingship...'.
		Henry IV feigns loyalty to the king he deposes and then solicitude for the one he executes, and he triumphs over his enemies in battle not by valour but with the stratagem of dressing many in the king's coats.
	cla.calpoly.edu /~smarx/Publications/henry.html (6448 words)

	Henry IV, Part 2 - Shakespeare in quarto
		Allusions to Richard II were removed from the quarto of Henry IV, Part I, probably because of the frequent identification of Queen Elizabeth I with the deposed king.
		King Henry IV is reconciled to the Prince of Wales.
		They are joined by Prince Henry, but their merriment is quickly ended by a messenger from the King and the departure of the Prince to join his father.
	blpc.bl.uk /treasures/shakespeare/henry4p2.html (1296 words)

	Henry IV
		In a nutshell, Henry IV is about a faction of various nobles plotting to rebel against the newly-crowned King Henry (or, the artist formerly known as Bolingbroke), as he has not returned them the favors they have shown in helping him usurp the throne from Richard II.
		King Henry is also concerned about his son, Prince Hal, who shirks his princely duties in favor of living a life of drunken debauchery with Sir John Falstaff and the rest of the thieving rogues at the Boar's Head tavern.
		Robert Lee Martini deftly plays Henry with the regal demeanor befitting a king iandi the vulnerability of an ordinary man. Also noteworthy is Michael Nichols, as Hotspur, one of the rebelling nobles, whose lust for life and genuine bravado serve as an interesting equal-but-opposite counterpoint to the energetic buffoonery of Falstaff.
	www.shakespearefest.org /henry4.htm (1740 words)

	Henry IV, Part 1 Summary
		Henry IV, Part 1 is a history play by William Shakespeare, widely considered the greatest of the histories.
		In William Shakespeare's "King Henry IV," the king is troubled by his responsibilities, largely because of the manner in which he gained the throne.
		Throughout the play, Henry IV is portrayed as a weak leader; he fears history may repeat itself.
	www.bookrags.com /Henry_IV,_Part_1 (530 words)

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