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Topic: Henry Bessemer

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	Henry Bessemer Encyclopedia Article @ Populace.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bessemer's attention was drawn to the problem of steel manufacture in the course of an attempt to improve the construction of guns.
		But Bessemer was fortunate enough to maintain them intact without litigation, though he found it advisable to buy up the rights of one patentee, while in another case he was freed from anxiety by the patent being allowed to lapse in 1859 through non-payment of fees.
		Among Bessemer's numerous other inventions, not one of which attained a tithe of the success or importance of the steel process, were movable dies for embossed stamps, sugar machinery, and a ship which was to save her passengers from the miseries of mal de mer.
	www.populace.org /encyclopedia/Henry_Bessemer (935 words)

	Sir Henry Bessemer \| Inventor & Engineer
		Henry Bessemer was born on January 19, 1813 in Charlton, Hertfordshire, England.
		Bessemer, the son of an engineer and typefounder, demonstrated considerable mechanical skill and inventiveness early in life.
		Among the many honors of Bessemer's life were a Knighthood by the British crown for devising a counterfeit-proof official stamp (seal) for the British government, and the Fellowship of the Royal Society.
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/96jan/bessemer.html (444 words)

	Bessemer process - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bessemer process bĕs´emer [for Sir Henry Bessemer ], industrial process for the manufacture of steel from molten pig iron.
		The principle involved is that of oxidation of the impurities in the iron by the oxygen of air that is blown through the molten iron; the heat of oxidation raises the temperature of the mass and keeps it molten during operation.
		The process is carried on in a large container called the Bessemer converter, which is made of steel and has a lining of silica and clay or of dolomite.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-bessemr-pro.html (481 words)

	Henry Bessemer biography
		Bessemer's next work of importance was that of a new method of producing bronze powder, or "gold" paint, which was successful from a commercial point of view, and supplied him with resources to carry on his metallurgical researches.
		After the process was developed, the Bessemer Steel Works in Sheffield were erected, and were soon producing a large output, as well as training competent workmen to carry on similar factories in other parts of the world.
		In 1859 Bessemer received his first honor, in the form of the Telford medal of the Institute of Civil Engineers; and in 1872 he received the Albert medal of the Society of Arts.
	www.dromo.info /bessemerbio.htm (548 words)

	Henry Bessemer, Sir Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The English inventor Sir Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) was a pioneer in the manufacture of inexpensive steel through his development of the steelmaking process which bears his name.
		Henry Bessemer was born Jan. 19, 1813, in Hitchin, Hertfordshire.
		Bessemer patented the process in 1856 and described it in a paper, "Manufacture of Malleable Iron and Steel without Fuel." Attracted by the promise of economy in time, labor, and fuel, many wrought-iron producers tried the process; all reported total failure to produce any useful material.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/henry-bessemer-sir (514 words)

	Henry Bessemer Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Throughout his life, he was a prolific inventor, but his name is chiefly known in connection with the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel, by which it has been rendered famous throughout the civilized world.
		His results prompted Bessemer to try the purer iron, obtained from Cumberland haematite, but even with this he did not meet with much success, until Robert Mushet showed that the addition of a certain quantity of spiegeleisen had the effect of removing the difficulties.
		Among Bessemer's numerous other inventions, not one of which attained a tithe of the success or importance of the steel process, were movable dies for embossed stamps, a gold paint, sugar machinery, and a ship which was to save her passengers from the miseries of mal de mer.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Bessemer_Henry.html (872 words)

	Lemelson-MIT Program
		Bessemer, who was mostly self-educated, made his first fortune with an idea for using brass as a paint additive to produce a bronze-colored powder that could be used for dÈcor in place of gold.
		When Napoleon himself expressed interest during a dinner with Bessemer in Paris, he was encouraged, but first he needed to come up with a way to mass produce structural steel that he could use to create sturdier gun barrels to support these heavy shells.
		Shortly after introducing the Bessemer Converter, Bessemer established Henry Bessemer and Co. to manufacture steel and was able to undersell nearly all competitors.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/bessemer.html (679 words)

	The Hindu : Henry Bessemer (1813-1898): Pioneer in making steel
		Henry Bessemer was a self-trained technologist who had many inventions to his credit.
		HENRY BESSEMER was born (January 19, 1813) in a family of French stock; his father moved to England with the outbreak of the French Revolution.
		Bessemer retired at the early age of 56 but continued with his inventions: a new method for making lead pencils and composing- type graphite; machinery for sugar refining; a form of iron strong enough to meet the high gas pressures in rifles; the first method for stamping deeds which was adopted by the British Government.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2000/04/20/stories/08200004.htm (747 words)

	Bessemer, Sir Henry - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He made experiments to obtain stronger material for gun manufacture and discovered the basic principle of the Bessemer process.
		In the United States the Bessemer process was patented in 1857, but Bessemer's priority right there was challenged by William Kelly, and in the end the battle between the two interests was settled by a consolidation of the rival companies.
		Bessemer received many honors for his signal achievement and was knighted in 1879.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-bessemerh.html (287 words)

	Sir Henry Bessemer - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SIR HENRY BESSEMER (1813-1898), English engineer, was born on the 19th of January 1813, at Charlton, in Hertfordshire.
		Throughout his life he was a prolific inventor, but his name is chiefly known in connexion with the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel, by which it has been rendered famous throughout the civilized world.
		Bessemer died at Denmark Hill, London, on the 15th of March 1898.
	www.1911ency.org /B/BE/BESSEMER_SIR_HENRY.htm (899 words)

	Inventor Henry Bessemer Biography
		The process of refining molten iron with blasts of air was accomplished by the British inventor Sir Henry Bessemer who developed the Bessemer furnace, or converter, in 1855.
		Bessemer's process was ten times faster than the previous methods and used no fuel once the charge had been melted.
		Among the many honors of Bessemer’s life were a Knighthood by the British crown and the Fellowship of the Royal Society.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/bessemer.htm (898 words)

	Henry Bessemer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Henry Bessemer Sir Henry Bessemer (January 19, 1813 – March 15, 1898), English engineer, was born at Charlton near Hitchin in Hertfordshire.
		Throughout his life, he was a prolific inventor, but his name is chiefly known in connection with the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel.
		At first the output was insignificant, but gradually the magnitude of the operations was enlarged until the competition became effective, and steel traders generally became aware that the firm of Henry Bessemer and Co. was underselling them to the extent of £20 a ton.
	henry-bessemer.iqnaut.net (967 words)

	1.2_invent.html
		Bessemer has made during his career have been more promising." "Bessemerizing" was understood by his peers as a social as well as technical achievement.
		While Bessemer had achieved modest success as a mechanical inventor, it was a military problem that led him to the manufacture of iron.
		In the event a compromise was arranged between Bessemer and the principals of Ebbw Vale, Abraham Darby and Joseph Robinson.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~tmisa/NOS/1.2_invent.html (3126 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		British inventor Henry Bessemer’s creation of the Bessemer converter was a major advancement for steel making.
		Bessemer’s interest in steel came from an idea he had during the Crimean War to make a new type of artillery.
		Vital in propelling the Industrial Revolution, the Bessemer converter ceased being used in the mid-1900s.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/183.html (198 words)

	Bessemer Area Chamber of Commerce - History
		The original name of the city was Brooklyn; however Debardeleben decided to rename the city Bessemer in honor of Sir Henry Bessemer, the British scientist who was famous for his contribution to the steel making process.
		Thus a city hall was built (pictured to the left) to accomodate for the rapid expansion of the city.
		Thus today, with a population of about 30,000, Bessemer continues to enjoy being a city that is still experiencing growth and expansion.
	www.bessemerchamber.com /history.htm (625 words)

	Preface
		It is fifty years since Henry Bessemer made the great invention which has rendered his name famous, not only in English-speaking countries, but also in all civilised communities, and it is seven years since he died.
		But lapse of time cannot tarnish the lustre of Henry Bessemer's memory, nor can common and world-wide use of the great invention that crowned it, render uninteresting a story of the struggles through which he passed and the battles he had to fight before the world became enriched by his inventive genius.
		The name of Bessemer will therefore be added to the honourable roll of men who have succeeded in spreading the gospel of "Peace on earth and goodwill toward men," which our Divine Master came on earth to teach and encourage.
	www.history.rochester.edu /ehp-book/shb/pface.htm (730 words)

	Henry Bessemer - WKFineTools.com
		Bessemer, the son of an engineer, demonstrated considerable mechanical skill and inventiveness early in life.
		Within 20 years from Bessemer's invention, Sheffield was producing 10,000 tons of Bessemer steel every week.
		The Bessemer Converter at Kelham Island Museum is one of three converters left in the world.
	www.wkfinetools.com /cCorner/invent/hBessemer/index.asp (408 words)

	Tilt Hammer - Steel City Founders - Henry Bessemer
		In 1856, Henry Bessemer introduced a new method of producing steel, using a special furnace called a convertor.
		The Bessemer process was able to produce much larger quantities of refined steel than the crucible process.
		Using the Bessemer process, steel making companies in Sheffield were able to supply cheap steel in large quantities for railway parts, armour plating and construction.
	www.tilthammer.com /bio/bess.html (251 words)

	[No title]
		Born to a successful inventor named Anthony Bessemer, Henry Bessemer was born in Charlton, Hertfordshire on January 19, 1813.
		The reason why Bessemer was asked to do this was because he had a great reputation for his inventions.
		When Bessemer was working to find a way to create stronger steel, he theorized that he had to remove the impurities from molten pig iron in order to have a stronger steel.
	www.angelfire.com /va3/metallurgy/bessemer.html (411 words)

	Making the Modern World - Sir Henry Bessemer
		Bessemer's paint was widely used to adorn gilded decoration and brought him great wealth.
		Bessemer realised that steel, a stronger material, would serve better, but it was prohibitively expensive and could only be produced in small batches.
		Bessemer received a knighthood and became a Fellow of the Royal Society.
	www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk /people/BG.0080 (239 words)

	On-line: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
		Henry Bessemer was born near Hitchin, Hertfordshire, on 19 January 1813.
		In 1858 and 1859 Henry Bessemer and Co made a loss, but then the profits started to come in; by 1867 he had made GBP200,000 plus as much again in royalties, and by the time the patent expired in 1870 he had made more than a million pounds.
		Bessemer, Alabamba, USA, a town founded on the iron and steel industry in 1887.
	www2.exnet.com /1995/09/27/science/science.html (1461 words)

	Henry Douglas Bessemer
		Sir Henry invented the Bessemer Process, a patented industrial process for the manufacture of steel from molten pig iron which speeded that process up ten times and made him a small fortune as a result.
		It noted that Henry, aged 21 and serving with the 3/4th Queens was, “…organically sound but that he suffers from preocordial pain intermittent in character and brought on by marching or strenuous exercise.
		Henry Bessemer’s disability was noted as “appendicectomy” and the Board reported as follows: “He was operated on by Sir Alfred Fripp on Dec 18th; scar of incision is finally healed; apparently his symptoms were chronic in nature.
	www.chailey1914-1918.net /henry_douglas_bessemer.html (1526 words)

	Henry Bessemer
		This argument to the pocket quickly had its effect, and licenses were applied for in such numbers that, in royalties for the use of his process, Bessemer received a sum in all considerably exceeding a million sterling.
		Goransson, a Swedish ironmaster, using the purer charcoal pig iron of that country, was the first to make good steel by the process, and even he was successful only after many attempts.
		The pecuniary rewards of Bessemer's great invention came to him with comparative quickness; but it was not until 1879 that the Royal Society admitted him as a fellow and the government honored him with a knighthood.
	www.nndb.com /people/062/000094777 (868 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Induction \| 2002 Inductees \| Bessemer Steel Process
		For the steel manufacturing process he pioneered, Henry Bessemer will be honored posthumously by being inducted this year into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
		Henry Bessemer made it possible for unskilled workers to make vast quantities of steel cheaply.
		Until his converter, it was thought that cast iron had to be converted to wrought iron by removing the carbon, and then converting to steel by re-adding carbon--a painstaking process.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/1_3_0_induction_bessemer.asp (262 words)

	TIME.com: Bessemer Eye -- May 22, 1939 -- Page 1
		In Bessemer converters—little changed after 70 years—a powerful blast of air is forced through molten pig iron as it lies in the converter's capacious belly.
		The Bessemer process is three times faster than the open-hearth, and correspondingly cheaper; but since the quality of the steel in a Bessemer "heat" must be judged by fallible human eyes, it is not so uniform—hence cannot be used for engineering jobs where high uniformity is necessary.
		Photoelectrically controlled Bessemer steel is mainly due to a man with a jocular drawl, who likes to fish, take photographs of steel mills, put his feet on his desk.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,761355,00.html (675 words)

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