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	Kingdom of Cyprus
		The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the late Middle Ages.
		The territory in Palestine was finally lost while Henry II[?] was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.
		Cyprus therefore sided with the Avignon Papacy in the Great Schism, in the hope that the French would be able to drive out the Italians.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus.html (424 words)

	Cyprus History: Lusignan Period - The Rule of Henri II
		Henri II reigned nominally from 1285 to 1324, but during part of that time he was superseded by one or the other of his brothers.
		In Cyprus, they retained their possessions, and after the assassination of Amaury they supported King Henri II on his return to the throne of Cyprus.
		Last Years of Henri II On the assassination of Amaury in 1310 Henri II returned to his kingdom and, with the help of the Hospitallers, put down the insurrection of his remaining brother, Guy, the constable of Cyprus.
	www.cypnet.co.uk /ncyprus/history/lusignan/2henri2.htm (1059 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick II, the Holy Roman Emperor, king of Sicily and Jerusalem, and overlord of the Lusignan dynasty, was the son of the Emperor Henry VI from whom Amaury had received the crown of Cyprus.
		FREDERICK II in CYPRUS: As Frederick II in 1228 was on his way to Palestine, he was met by a delegation of Cypriot barons, led by Sir Amalric Barlais, who asked his aid on behalf of the queen against the bailiff, Jean d'Ibelin.
		HENRI II: Henri II reigned nominally from 1285 to 1324, but during part of that time he was superseded by one or the other of his brothers.
	bornova.ege.edu.tr /~ncyprus/lusig2.html (4581 words)

	Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1291)
		Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate.
		King Hugh II of Lusignan had died in 1267, and his succession was disputed by his nephew, Hugh III, already King of Cyprus, and Mary of Antioch whose maternal grandfather was Amaury of Lusignan.
		In 1459 Charlotte, daughter of John III, King of Cyprus, married Louis of Savoy, Count of Geneva, and in 1485 ceded her rights to Jerusalem to her nephew Charles of Savoy; hence, from that time up to 1870, the title of King of Jerusalem was borne by the princes of the House of Savoy.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/l/latin_kingdom_of_jerusalem.html (2984 words)

	Cyprus History: Lusignan Period - Alix (Alice) of Jerusalem-Champagne, Queen of Cyprus & Regent of Jerusalem
		Alice married (1208) Hugues, son of Amaury of Cyprus/Amaury II of Jerusalem (also her step-brother as his father was her mother's third husband), the arrangements being made by her grandmother Maria Comnena and dowry provided by Blanche of Navarre, Countess of Champagne.
		She was the mother of Henri I of Cyprus, and Isabella and at least one other daughter.
		She entrusted the government of Cyprus to her uncle Philip of Ibelin, but relations between the two were far from happy, and she constantly insisted that her wishes not taken into consideration.
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/history/lusignan/1hugues1a.htm (515 words)

	Kingdoms of Greece - Cyprus
		The recorded history of Cyprus begins with the occupation of part of the island by Egypt.
		Beginning with the rise of Assyria during the 8th century BC, Cyprus was under the control of each of the empires that successively dominated the eastern Mediterranean.
		Henry II King of Jerusalem, which was lost at this time.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GreeceCyprus.htm (363 words)

	World History
		Henry was naive; he was, on the one hand, overly trustful and, on the other, bitter against those who betrayed his trust.
		Henry II died in 1189, an embittered old man. He was succeeded by his son Richard I, nicknamed the Lion-Heart.
		Michael II was supported by William of Villehardouin, the French prince of the Morea, and by Manfred, the Hohenstaufen king of Sicily.
	members.tripod.com /gpf/worldhistory.html (21681 words)

	Action Cyprus
		Cyprus Hellenic cultural heritage was systematically looted, pillaged and destroyed by the Turks who still illegally occupy 38% of Cyprus territory.
		Cyprus Greek character and identity was unaffected by invasions by the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Persians, Romans and Francs.
		Evagoras the king of all Cyprus and the conqueror of the Phoenicians was recognised as an equal by the Persian Great King.
	www.greece.org /cyprus (1670 words)

	Cyprus Misconceptions
		ii] The illegal secessionist entity in the occupied areas has been declared "legally invalid" by the United Nations and should be referred to in lower case as the "illegal secessionist entity".
		There is only one government of the Republic of Cyprus and it is recognised as the government of all the territory of Cyprus both in the free and occupied areas, and represents all Cypriots irrespective of their origin.
		Before the invasion 2/3 of the Turkish Cypriots lived in the parts of Cyprus not currently under occupation and were forcibly transferred to the occpied areas by the United Nations after they were threatened with air-strikes by Turkey when it invaded.
	www.greece.org /cyprus/Misconceptions.htm (828 words)

	Henry II of Jerusalem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry II (died August 31, 1324) was the last ruling King of Jerusalem and also ruled as King of Cyprus.
		Henry continued to rule as King of Cyprus, and continued to claim the kingdom of Jerusalem as well, often planning to recover the former territory on the mainland.
		Henry died on August 31, 1324 at his villa in Strovolos, and was succeeded by his nephew Hugh IV.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_II_of_Cyprus (505 words)

	The Case Against Henry Kissinger Part Two by Christopher Hitchens
		His rule was challenged, and the independence of Cyprus threatened, by a military dictatorship in Athens and a highly militarized government in Turkey, both of which sponsored right-wing gangster organizations on the island, and both of which had plans to annex the greater or lesser part of it.
		Cyprus was not the first instance in which a perceived need to mollify China outweighed even the most minimal concern for human life elsewhere.
		Henry Tasca, the United States ambassador in Athens at the time, was a Nixon and Kissinger crony with a very lenient attitude toward the dictatorship.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Kissinger/CaseAgainst2_Hitchens.html (16841 words)

	Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Inportant both as a major source of copper, and as a strategic jump-off point to the Near East, the place has seen virtually every conqueror, colonizer, and explorer to have been involved in the Middle East, and it continues to this day to be a source of drama and tension.
		It was a mercantile center specializing in the Cypriote copper trade, and was a focus of the cult of Cybele and Her consort Atys.
		General Cypriot sequence thereafter............295 BCE-365 CE The epicenter of a massive earthquake which caused widespread devastation throughout the eastern Mediterranean on 21 July 365, was located quite nearby Kourion, which was entirely leveled.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Cyprus.html (834 words)

	AR.net >> Discussion Forum >> RE: Is Smokey a Ph.D. in Biology? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While Mary of Antioch, granddaughter of Amaury II, bequeathed him the rights she claimed to have to the crown of Jerusalem, he signed the treaty of Viterbo with Baldwin II (27 May, 1267), which assured him eventually the inheritance of Constantinople.
		Mohammed II, who succeeded Murad in 1451, was preparing to besiege Constantinople when, 12 December, 1452, Emperor Constantine XII decided to proclaim the union of the Churches in the presence of the papal legates.
		Urban II then took advantage of the veneration in which the holy places were held by the Christians of the West and entreated the latter to direct their combined forces against the Mohammedans and, by a bold attack, check their progress.
	www.animalrights.net /67040 (14378 words)

	cyprus_txt_2
		Rule by Richard the Lionheart, King of England (1191-1192): In 1191 Cyprus was conquered and definitely occupied by the Latin Crusaders accompanying Richard I, King of England, on the
		The occupation of Cyprus by King Richard seems not to have been recognized as the foundation of a kingdom; Richard was undoubtedly the first Latin lord of the island and disposed of it as such to the Order of the Temple.
		James II, irritated against the ancient families which remained faithful to the cause of his sister Charlotte, persecuted them with confiscation when he eventually had the power.
	www.allcrusades.com /CASTLES/CYPRUS/cyprus_txt_2.html (911 words)

	Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc.
		While the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and King Philip II Augustus of France went on the Crusade, Frederick died on the way, Philip soon left, and operations were mainly conducted by a third monarch, the King of England, Richard I, the Lion-Heart.
		At the death of Isabella, Philip II of Taranto, a son of Charles II was then able to set aside her second husband, Philip of Savoy, and her daughter, Matilda, and return Achaea to the Anjevians.
		This genealogy of the Anjevians duplicates the genealogy of the Latin Emperors from Baldwin II onward.
	www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (14339 words)

	[No title]
		• In 1225, Henry of Malta, Admiral of Sicily, came to seek the young princess at Saint-Jean d'Acre, and on 9 November she married Frederick II at Brindisi.
		On 5 April, 1291, the Sultan Malek- Aschraf appeared before Saint-Jean d'Acre and, despite the courage of its defenders, the city was taken by storm on 28 May. The Kingdom of Jerusalem no longer existed, and none of the expeditions of the fourteenth century succeeded in re-establishing it.
		The specimen of ivory used as a binding for the Psalter of Melisende, daughter of Baldwin II, and preserved in the British Museum, displays a curious decoration in which are combined designs of Byzantine and Arabian art.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/08361A.TXT (3079 words)

	Armenians and Crusaders - HyeForum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During this Crusade Levon II and King Richard invaded and conquered Cyprus, which had broken away from the Byzantine Empire under a renegade relative of the former ruling house.
		Hetum II abdicates in favor of his brother Thoros (who was strangled by their brother Smbat).
		King Levon marries Constance Eleanor of Aragon, daughter of Frederick II of Sicily and widow of Henry II of Cyprus.
	www.hyeforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4653 (12838 words)

	History of Armenia - Armenica
		Hetoum II, and Amoy de Tyr, brother of the former Cyprus king, Henry II.
		Levon VI Lusignan, nephew to Isabelle, the sister of Hetoum II, sat on the throne.
		In Paris, he lived at the court of king Charles II until 1393 when he died and was buried in the
	www.armenica.org /cgi-bin/history/en/getHistory.cgi?7=1==K-88==1=3=A (614 words)

	Henry II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry II of Germany (972-1024), Holy Roman Emperor
		Henry II, King of Jerusalem (died 1324), also Henry II of Cyprus
		Henry II of Poland (Duke of Wroclaw) (died 1246)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_II (93 words)

	Knights
		Baldwin II., king of Jerusalem, gave them a lodging in his palace near the traditional site of the temple; to which the abbot and canons of the church and convent of the temple, which stood adjoining, added another building for keeping their arms, whence they acquired.the name of Templars.
		On this the knights removed to the island of Cyprus, which they had purchased from Richard L of England for 85,000 silver merks, and this remained theirheadquarters until the destruction of the order.
		A tradition of the time asserts that when fastened to the stake he summoned the king and Pope to meet him at the bar of God, and this was supposed to he fulfilled in the sudden and unexpected deaths of both, which occurred shortly afterwards.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/knights.htm (5180 words)

	Cyprus chronology
		• Cyprus is sold by Richard the Lionheart to the Knights Templars.
		• Unilateral declaration of so-called ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’ in occupied territories.
		Cyprus Government accepts proposal, which is rejected by Denktash.
	www.lobbyforcyprus.org /factfiles/factfiles_chronology.htm (1579 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - 14th Century AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Palatine and Mainz are ravaged by Albert of Austria.
		Albert of Austria is murdered: Henry VII of Luxemburg is elected German King.
		Richard II forced to abdicate in favour of Henry IV of England.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/92/50 (1939 words)

	1 in Faith: A Christian Bible Study - Letters from Jerusalem: A Visit to Acre
		Venice and Genoa fought a sea battle off the coast of Akko in 1259, even though the city was threatened by the Mongols, and a second sea battle in 1265, when Mamluks from Egypt were outside the city walls.
		In 1285 Henry II of Cyprus claimed the crown of Akko, but in 1291 the Mamluk Muslims took the port.
		The city was devastated and lay in ruins for four and a half centuries, until a local Arab sheikh, Daher al-Omar, took advantage of the weakness of the centralized Ottoman empire and asserted his control over Galilee, with Akko as its port for goods from Syria.
	www.christian-bible.com /Ethics/lj.acre.htm (1233 words)

	[No title]
		It may be interesting to note that the dress of those ladies was as near as possible in conformity with that of the sterner sex, it consisting of a robe of scarlet cloth, with a cross of white linen, the usual eight-pointed cross of the Order.
		On his return he found his Knights in ill-humour owing to the conduct of the Court of Cyprus toward them, and expressing their desire to be in a house of their own, where they might attend to their duties and have to render an account to none but their own superior, The Grand Master alone.
		He was succeeded by one to whom we are constrained to accord the honour of being the most brilliant and the most trusted of the long line of Grand Masters--Peter D'Aubusson--to whom alone was granted absolute power on all matters.
	members.tripod.com /~Blessed_Gerard/Ch-1-p2.htm (3261 words)

	THE CYPRUS CONVENTION
		Article II The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged, within the space of one month, or sooner if possible.
		That if Russia restores to Turkey Kars and the other conquests made by her in Armenia during the last war, the Island of Cyprus will be evacuated by England, and the convention of the 4th of June, 1878, will be at an end.
		All property, revenues, and rights reserved to the Ottoman Crown and Government in the said Article IV of the Annex to the Convention of the 4th June, including all revenue derived from tapous, mahloul, and intikal are commuted hereby for a fixed annual payment of 5,000 l.
	www.kyrenia.com /Documents/items/cyprus_convention_1878.htm (763 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
		Baldwin II (1118-1131), who had followed Godfrey of Bouillon to the crusade, was a valiant knight and, in 1124, took possession of Tyre.
		The turning of the course of the crusade to Constantinople obliged him to conclude a truce with the Moslems.
		He directed the Crusade of Egypt in 1218 and, after his defeat, came to the West to solicit help.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08361a.htm (2992 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Frederick II's Crusade: Letters, 1229
		Frederick II: To Henry III of England, 1229
		He first came to Cyprus and there most discourteously seized that nobleman J. [John] of Ibelin and his sons, whom he had invited to his table under pretext of speaking of the affairs of the Holy Land.
		He sent a troop of soldiers to Cyprus to levy heavy contributions of money there, and, what, appeared us more astonishing, he destroyed the galleys which he was unable to take with him.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/fred2cdelets.html (1510 words)

	NC Medieval Index
		Lilburn, A., 'A parcel apparently from an early hoard of 'helmet' deniers of Bohemund III of Antioch', vol.
		Moesgaard, J.C. 'A hoard from the Blois region and the proto-feudal coinage of Blois, c.
		Stewart, I. 'Coins of William II from the Shillington Hoard', vol.
	www.rns.dircon.co.uk /NC.medieval.htm (1891 words)

	Jerusalem Peace Treaty of Jaffa (020303)
		Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 1220-1250, was "a man described by his contemporaries as 'the terror of the earth', the wonder-working transformer" (Friedrich Heer, The Medieval World: Europe 1100-1350, p.267).
		The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen negotiated a settlement with Egypt that led to the Treaty of Jaffa of 1229 that gave back Sidon and Toron to the crusaders.
		The Western Emperor, Frederick II, having failed to join in the fifth Crusade, whilst under an edict of Excommunication for that very reason #27, set out on his own Crusade, and through the Emperor's reputation and by the then weakness of Moslem Rulers, Jerusalem was surrendered to him.
	www.solami.com /jaffa1.html (9950 words)

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