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	Shrapnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the strict sense of the word, shrapnel is shot which is deliberately included in an explosive device, in order to cause death and injury; more loosely, the term is used to refer to any metal debris which is propelled by an explosion which could be more properly called splinters.
		Although the anti-personnel effects of burst metal shell casings had been known for centuries, the word shrapnel is derived from the name of Major-General Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), an English artillery officer, whose experiments - initially conducted in his own time, and at his own expense - designed a shell specifically for the purpose.
		Shrapnel's innovation was to combine the fragmentation properties of canister with a delayed-action fuse to take the effect to the enemy at a distance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shrapnel (683 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: People and Peoples (Henry N - Henry Z) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart was a pretender to the English throne, and the Duke of York.
		Henry VI was son of Henry V and King of England from 1422 to 1461.
		Henry VI was born at Windsor Castle and succeeded to the thrones of England and France before the age of one, when his father Henry V and his grandfather Charles VI of France died within months of each other.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /C6BB.HTM (2405 words)

	People and Peoples (H-I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Henry was a son of William The Conqueror and King of England from 1101 to 1135.
		Henry III was King of England from 1216 to 1272.
		Henry VII was King of England from 1485 to 1509.
	www7.informatik.uni-erlangen.de /tree/IMMD-VII/Probert_Encyclopaedia/c3.htm (2600 words)

	Henry Shrapnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Henry Shrapnel (June 3, 1761 - March 13, 1842) was a British Army officer and inventor, most famously of the "shrapnel shell".
		Shrapnel was promoted to major on November 1, 1803 after eight years as a captain.
		After his invention's success in battle on April 30, 1804, Shrapnel was promoted to lieutenant colonel on July 20, 1804, less than nine months later.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Henry_Shrapnel (243 words)

	Shrapnel
		Shrapnel eventually rose to the rank of Lieutenant General on 10 Jan 1837 and died on 13 March 1842.
		Although true shrapnel projectiles have been obsolete since 1935, the term 'shrapnel' is still used in a sense not technically correct to describe what should properly be defined as 'splinters' or 'fragments'.
		Shrapnel for early breech-loading guns made between 1880 and 1904 (the year the 18-pr was introduced) differed little from that of earlier types, except that the shells were fitted with driving bands instead of studs or lead sheathing.
	www.riv.co.nz /rnza/hist/shrap (1087 words)

	The Unsettling Legacy of General Shrapnel
		Henry was born in 1761, and although the family's youngest son, he inherited the bulk of the estate, due to his brothers' deaths or childlessness.
		Shrapnel are the nails and pieces of shaved metal in the bomb of a suicide bomber, and the deadly cube-shaped metal fragments a tenth of an inch on a side, which advanced metallurgy has designed modern bomb casings to shatter into.
		With "shrapnel," it found a miracle of onomatopoeia: the incoming whistle of the "sh-," the explosion of the "rap-," the death knell of the "-nel." In the mouth, the word is a minidramatization of what it describes.
	www.mojones.com /commentary/slant/2003/09/ma_511_01.html (1612 words)

	Shrapnel vs Shell Fragments
		But shrapnel was abandoned primarily because it was difficult to get the height of burst adjusted properly even under conditions of good visibility, and impossible to do this in darkness or bad weather.
		The intended destructive effect of the shrapnel projectile against men and animals came from the shrapnel balls.
		Whereas a shrapnel round was intended to kill or injure people and animals, high explosive rounds were originally designed to damage or destroy inanimate objects such as buildings and field guns.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/faq/shrapnel.htm (819 words)

	Untitled Document
		Shrapnel would appear to have intimated a desire for some honour which would descend to his son, as Sir Herbert Taylor wrote to him from Windsor Castle on 23 April 1837 expressing the king's readiness to confer a baronetcy upon the inventor; but William died soon after,and nothing further was done.
		Henry Scrope Shrapnel was born in Bradford in 1761 and died on 13 March 1842.
		Henry Shrapnel was a regular officer in the Royal Artillery so keen on improving the efficiency of artillery bombardment that he devoted over many years his own time and money to it.
	www.freshford.com /shrapnell1.htm (5872 words)

	General Shrapnell
		Henry Shrapnel was born on June 3, 1761, the youngest of Zachariah Shrapnel’s nine children, at Midway Manor House at Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire.
		Henry Shrapnel went up a lot of blind alleys before producing a shell that was devastating at long-range.
		It remained to Henry, the eldest of his four sons, to gather up the fragments of his lifetime of Inventions - the drawings as meticulous as da Vinci’s, the crumbling parchment commissions from a supposedly grateful nation, the letters expressing Wellington’s gratitude - and tout them around the world.
	home.clear.net.nz /pages/shrapnell/shrapnell.htm (1242 words)

	Shrapnel biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shrapnel, in the strict sense, is shot deliberately included in a landmine or shell intended to be scattered by the explosion.
		In 1784 Lieutenant Shrapnel began developing, on his own time and at his own expense, an antipersonnel weapon composed of a hollow spherical projectile filled with shot and an explosive charge.
		Before Shrapnel's invention was adopted, artillery attacked infantry or cavalry with "canister" or "case," a tin container filled with iron balls.
	shrapnel.biography.ms (468 words)

	Today in Technology History - Jun 3
		Henry Shrapnel was born in Wiltshire, England on June 3, 1761, one of nine children.
		Starting in his twenties and continuing throughout his military career, Shrapnel worked on a new kind of ammunition: a round, hollow projectile that was filled with small balls and explosive powder.
		for a longer biography of Henry Shrapnel, including a description of two helpful suggestions he made as the British were retreating from Dunkirk in the 1790s.
	www.tecsoc.org /pubs/history/2002/jun3.htm (335 words)

	Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Last April, Henry suffered shrapnel wounds to his left leg and shoulder, along with damage to his left eardrum when a mortar exploded about 20 feet from him.
		Henry joined the Marines in 2002, and was assigned to a unit specializing in retrieving downed airmen behind enemy lines.
		Their unit was on back-up duty for the operation early in the war that freed Army Pvt.
	www.cdapress.com /articles/2005/02/09/news/news04.prt (444 words)

	Shrapnel, Henry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shrapnel had spent several thousand pounds of his own money in perfecting his inventions.
		Shrapnel's shell was fused and filled with musket balls, plus a small charge of fl powder to explode the container after a predetermined period of time.
		Shrapnel's shells continued to be used until World War I.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Shrapnel/1.html (168 words)

	NPS Interpretive Series: Artillery Through the Ages
		It was the forerunner of the shrapnel used so much in World War I and was invented by Lt. Henry Shrapnel, of the British Army, in 1784.
		There had been previous attempts to produce a projectile of this kind, such as the German Zimmerman's "hail shot" of 1573—case shot with a bursting charge and a primitive time fuze—but Shrapnel's invention was the first air-bursting case shot which, in technical words, "imparted directional velocity" to the bullets it contained.
		Shrapnel's new shell was first used against the French in 1808, but was not called by its inventor's name until 1852.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/source/is3/is3d3.htm (437 words)

	Henry Shrapnel biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Henry Shrapnel (1761 - March 13, 1842) was a British Army officer and inventor
		In 1784, while a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, he perfected his invention of what he called "spherical case" ammunition: a hollow cannon ball filled with shot which burst in mid-air.
		He rose to the rank of lieutenant-general on January 10, 1837.
	henry-shrapnel.biography.ms (147 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His invention was adopted by the British artillery 19 years later and named after him.
		Originally the shell was spherically shaped and contained a minimum explosive charge, small lead balls that themselves came to be known as shrapnel, and a fuse to explode it in the air above enemy troops.
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws are prohibited.
	historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..sh107200.a (103 words)

	scottish heritage - genealogy scotland - clans - scottish associations - historical attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Lieutenant (later General) Shrapnel was an officer in the British army who in1804 invented shells filled with bullets, to increase the number of casualties, hence the word shrapnel.
		The 75mm shrapnel, for example, contained 270 lead balls, each about a half-inch in diameter, in a smoke-producing matrix.
		Each projectile could be likened to a shotgun which was fired, by means of a time fuse, and ideally at a height which would produce the maximum effect on the enemy.
	www.scotlandonline.com /heritage/heritage_gscots_detail.cfm?id=63 (340 words)

	shrapnel -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Shrapnel projectiles contained small shot or spherical bullets, usually of lead, along with an explosive charge to scatter the shot as well as fragments of the shell casing.
		Shrapnel projectiles contained small shot or spherical bullets, usually of lead, along with an explosive charge to scatter the shot and fragmented shell casing.
		The effect of shrapnel was similar to that of musket fire delivered at...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9067530?tocId=9067530 (612 words)

	The Nitpickers Site: Movie Nitpick - Gettysburg - 1993
		According to the Oxford Dictionary, Colonel Henry Shrapnel developed his technique in 1842 in the British Army.
		Shrapnel WAS around by the time of the American Civil War and it WAS in the language.
		It is true the word shrapnel was in the language during the civil in 1863.
	www.nitpickers.com /movies/nitpick.cgi?np=2586 (299 words)

	Today in History - June 02 - www.ezboard.com
		His marriage to Catherine of Valois, daughter of the King of France, was designed to bring peace to the two nations that had been at war for more than 80 years; the couple's firstborn son was named as heir to the throne of France.
		Unfortunately, Henry V died while his son, Henry VI, was merely an infant, and the power struggle over control of the French throne led to renewed hostilities in the Hundred Years' War.
		The resulting hail of high-velocity debris was often lethal; shrapnel caused the majority of wounds caused by artillery in WW I. A 155mm shrapnel packed a lethal load of 800 balls.
	p090.ezboard.com /fjpspanzersfrm41.showMessage?topicID=390.topic (1681 words)

	BBC - History Trail - Wars & Conflict
		Others — which took their name, in the British service, from their inventor Henry Shrapnel — were packed with lead balls and exploded in the air over the target.
		At the start of the war the 18-pounder field gun, with a range of some 6,500 yards, was the mainstay of British field artillery, backed by the 4.5 inch howitzer, with a range of 7,200 yards and a few 60-pdr heavy guns with a range of 9,500 yards.
		The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) had persuaded the British to issue only shrapnel shells for its 18-pounders, but it soon became clear that high explosive shells were far more useful in trench warfare.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/lj/warslj/guns_04.shtml (340 words)

	Book One
		In Chapter 3, when Lt. Henry explains what he did and did not do on leave, what does he mean when he says that the priest "had always known what I did not know and what, when I learned it, I was always able to forget"?
		This novel is based somewhat on the experiences of its author, Ernest Hemingway, on the Italian Front in WWI.
		Trace how Lt. Henry is treated as a patient after he is wounded in Chapter 9 through his discharge from the Milan hospital, especially through Chapter 13.
	vccslitonline.cc.va.us /AFTA/book_one.htm (1118 words)

	Fun_People Archive - 25 Oct - Eponyms
		Here are (real) eponyms forwarded by Henry Cate , some from Vol 2 of "The Mathematical Intelligencer" (with etymologies from the American Heritage dictionary) and some from the book "O Thou Improper, Thou Uncommon Noun" by Willard R. Espy (pub.
		BOYCOTT: In 1880, Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott was land agent in County Mayo, Ireland, for an absentee owner, the Earl of Erne.
		SHRAPNEL: Invented by General Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842), British artillery officer.
	www.langston.com /Fun_People/1994/1994AXY.html (684 words)

	Unit Study: The Rockets Red Glare
		The British were fortunate that these two men, Lt. Henry Shrapnel and inventor William Congreve were born in England and loyal to the crown.
		A shrapnel shell is designed to explode while still in the air over the enemy's head's raining down sharp pieces of metal on them.
		The bright explosions of these shrapnel bombs would throw a bright yellow glow across the fort when the exploded lighting up the Fort and showing the British that they were hitting the target.
	www.homeschoolzone.com /unit-study/lessons/usflag.htm (990 words)

	Definitions Of Civil War Terms
		It was an iron sphere filled with bits or balls of iron and a bursting charge intended to break apart shortly after firing.
		Shrapnel - A hollow cast-iron projectile filled with lead bullet set in a sulphur matrix and equipped with a time or percussion fuse that would set off a bursting charge and scatter the balls.
		Shrapnel is often called case shot or spherical case shot.
	www.civilwarhome.com /terms.htm (3032 words)

	Shrapnel - FOXNews.com - US & World - Suspect: Grenade Shrapnel Meant For Bush (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shrapnel Associations -Links with connections to the book The American Library Association picked "Shrapnel in the Heart" as one of the Best of the
		Shrapnel Paintball is a not for profit group of people who want to play paintball on a regular Shrapnel Paintball is not a commercial paintball field.
		New Albany Child Hit By Shrapnel At Gun Range A boy was injured at the New Albany Shooting Range after being hit by shrapnel.
	www.eweblist.com /ewl/shrapnel.html (230 words)

	Eponyms
		Shrapnel refers to the metal fragments or bullets thrown out by an exploding shell.
		The first explosive shell filled with shrapnel was used against the Dutch in Surinam.
		The shell was then called a "spherical case shot" and consisted of a round container filled with gunpowder and musket balls.
	homepage.smc.edu /larsen_lyle/eponyms.htm (749 words)

	Science Articles \|\| Science Blog Community
		Henry Shrapnel, born June 3, 1761, was an English army general who invented the shrapnel shell.
		The resulting hail of high-velocity debris was often lethal; shrapnel caused the majority of wounds produced by artillery in WW I. A 155mm shrapnel packed a lethal load of 800 balls.
		Each projectile was practically a shotgun which was fired, by means of the time fuze, when the bullets shot forward with increased velocity.
	www.sciscoop.com /story/2003/6/3/142059/3834 (636 words)

	Online Etymology Dictionary
		As an indication of "strikeout" in baseball scorekeeping, first recorded c.1880, said to be from last letter of struck, since first letter was already being used as abbreviation for sacrifice.
		The invention of the scorecard symbols is attributed to newspaperman Henry Chadwick.
		1806, from Gen. Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842), who invented a type of exploding, fragmenting shell when he was a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery during the Peninsular War.
	www.etymonline.com /index.php?search=invention&searchmode=phrase (1242 words)

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