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Topic: Henry of Trastamara

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	Henry II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Henry II or Henry of Trastámara, 1333?-1379, Spanish king of Castile and León (1369-79), illegitimate son of Alfonso XI.
		Henry II: Nicholas Vincent celebrates the founder of the Plantagenet dynasty who was crowned 850 years ago this month.
		Henry II ends Iacocca's quest for the top spot at Ford Motor; After years of growing tension, the rift between the chairman and his too-brash rising star erupts in a high-profile firing.(Ford 100)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-henry2sp.html (378 words)

	Henry III Of Castile - LoveToKnow 1911
		The meeting of the Cortes summoned by him at Madrid in 1394 marked a great epoch in the establishment of a practically despotic royal authority, based on the consent of the commons, who looked to the crown to protect them against the excesses of the nobles.
		Henry strengthened his position still further by his marriage with Catherine, daughter of John of Gaunt and of Constance, elder daughter of Peter the Cruel and Maria de Padilla.
		This union combined the rival claims of the descendants of Peter and of Henry of Trastamara.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Henry_III_Of_Castile (154 words)

	PETER THE CRUEL. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Peter ruthlessly suppressed the rebellions, but Henry later obtained the help of Aragón, which was already at war with Castile, and France, and in 1366 he invaded Castile with French mercenaries under Du Guesclin.
		Peter fled, and Henry was crowned king at Burgos in 1366.
		Henry raised a new army with Du Guesclin, defeated Peter at Montiel (1369), and killed him in a duel after the battle.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/pe/PeterCru.html (190 words)

	[No title]
		Henry of Trastamara captured Castille and in 1372 the combined Spanish and French fleets defeated the English fleet at the naval battle of La Rochelle.
		Henry of Bolingbroke claimed the vacant throne and was crowned Henry IV on Oct. 13 1399.
		Henry V landed at the mouth of the Seine and laid siege to the town of Harfleur.
	www.housedragonor.org /downloads/100yrwar.doc (1534 words)

	BATTLE OF NAJERA
		He crossed the Ebro at Logroño where he had heard that Henry of Trastamara was only a short distance off, and the Allied army went through the small town of Navarette along the minor road to Najera.
		Henry made his stand with the River Najarilla at his back--this seems to me to be a pretty elementary mistake and one wonders why he did it.
		The centre of the line was led by Henry himself with the cream of his heavy cavalry, 1500 strong.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/najera.html (1405 words)

	Henry III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The son of John I, Henry bore the title of Prince of Asturias, which from then on designated the heir apparent.
		Henry succeeded as a boy of 11; and, under a regency, the Jewish communities were sacked as a result of fanatical preaching.
		Henry III died young, leaving an heir, John II, less than two years old, and dividing the regency in an elaborate testament between his widow and his brother.
	www.wga.hu /tours/spain/henry3.html (227 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		Henry was the youngest son of Theobald I of Navarre by Margaret of Foix.
		Henry's chief contribution as patron of the arts was in the...
		Henry, O. American short-story writer whose tales romanticized the commonplace-in particular the life of ordinary people in New York City.
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/h/h18.html (1878 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - New Monarchies: Spain
		His illegitimate half-brother, Henry of Trastamara, received help from Charles V of France and Pedro called on Edward III of England, who sent a force under Edward, the Black Prince.
		Pedro and his English allies defeated Henry and his French forces in 1367, when the English had left, Henry returned and defeated Pedro in 1369, assuming the throne as Henry II of Castile and León (1333?-1379).
		Henry II continued to honour his French alliance and his navy was instrumental in the destruction of the English fleet at La Rochelle in 1372.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/monarchies4.html (1457 words)

	Chapter 12: A History of Aragon and Catalonia
		Pedro IV replied by supporting Count Henry of Trastamara and the other illegitimate sons of King Alfonso XI of Castile, who were the objects of their brother's implacable hatred.
		When he eventually approached the town, accompanied by the Count of Trastamara with 3000 heavily armed knights, and supported by a fleet from Barcelona, the Castilians raised the siege, and Pedro was able to enter the town on April 28.
		Henry of Trastamara was therefore able to make a second attempt, supported by the King of France and his brother, the Duke of Anjou, who was then Governor of Languedoc.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/hac12.htm (8912 words)

	Henry II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Henry II Henry II Henry II (Henry the Fratricide or the Bastard, or de Las Mercedes, also called until 1369 Enrique, Count of Trastámara), (b.
		The illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile, Henry rebelled against his younger half brother, Peter I (Peter the Cruel), invaded Castile with French aid in 1366, and was crowned king at Burgos.
		Peter sought English aid, and Henry was routed by Edward the Black Prince at Najera (April 3, 1367).
	www.wga.hu /tours/spain/henry2.html (172 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - HENRY II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		King of Castile; born at Seville in 1333; died in 1379; illegitimate brother of Pedro I. He was as hostile to the Jews as Pedro had been friendly.
		This was the immediate cause of the civil war which brought untold suffering upon the Jews of the country.
		The demands of the Cortes in Toro (1369) and in Burgos (1374 and 1377) against the Jews harmonized perfectly with Henry's inclinations.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=603&letter=H (265 words)

	AllRefer.com - Henry II, Spanish king of Castile and LeOn (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Henry II, Spanish king of Castile and LeOn, Spanish And Portuguese History, Biographies
		Henry II or Henry of TrastAmara[trastumar´u] Pronunciation Key, 1333?–1379, Spanish king of Castile and LeOn (1369–79), illegitimate son of Alfonso XI.
		After taking part in several unsuccessful revolts against his half brother, Peter the Cruel, he secured the aid of Du Guesclin and Peter IV of AragOn and drove Peter from the throne in 1366.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Henry2Sp.html (260 words)

	Henry II of Castile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry of Trastamara (January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) (Enrique de Trastámara), was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Eleanor of Guzman, and half brother to Pedro of Castile the Cruel (or the Lawful, depending on who wrote the history).
		For most of his reign he had to fight off the attempts of John of Gaunt, a son of Edward III of England, to claim the Castilian throne in right of his second wife, Pedro's daughter.
		Henry married Juana Manuel, 27 July 1350 the daughter of Juan Manuel of Castile, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile (293 words)

	Fernando I
		On the death of Pedro of Castile in 1369, Ferdinand, as great-grandson of Sancho IV by the female line, laid claim to the vacant throne, for which the kings of Aragon and Navarre, and afterwards John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster (married in 1370 to Constance, the eldest daughter of Pedro), also became competitors.
		Meanwhile Henry of Trastamara, the brother (illegitimate) and conqueror of Pedro, had assumed the crown and taken the field.
		This strange conduct, although it raised a serious insurrection in Portugal, did not at once result in a war with Henry; but the outward concord was soon disturbed by the intrigues of the Duke of Lancaster, who prevailed on Ferdinand to enter into a secret treaty for the expulsion of Henry from his throne.
	www.nndb.com /people/580/000095295 (338 words)

	Sly's Fourteenth Century Timeline
		Charles V of France sends troops through Spain to aid Henry Trastamara (older half brother of Peter the Cruel) in his claim for the throne of Castile and Leon.
		Peter the Cruel, king of Castile and Leon is overthrown by the French and Henry Trastamara and seeks help from the English.
		Henry Trastamara becomes Henry II of Castile and Leon.
	www.edwardsly.com /1300-99.html (1323 words)

	AllRefer.com - Peter the Cruel (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		His desertion of his wife, Blanche of Bourbon, for MarIa Padilla and his favors to the Padilla family aroused the opposition of the nobles and led to several rebellions fomented by Peter's illegitimate half brother, Henry of TrastAmara (later Henry II).
		Peter ruthlessly suppressed the rebellions, but Henry later obtained the help of AragOn, which was already at war with Castile, and France, and in 1366 he invaded Castile with French mercenaries under Du Guesclin.
		Peter, however, had allied (1362) himself with England and with the help of Edward the Black Prince, he defeated Henry and Du Guesclin at NAjera (1367).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PeterCru.html (329 words)

	History (14th century)
		Challenging the king's right to rule, his half brother, Henry of Trastámara, an illegitimate son of Alfonso XI, appealed to France for support.
		As the first of the Trastámara dynasty, Henry II (1369-79) had to maintain his rights to the throne against his peninsular neighbours and domestic enemies.
		The marriage of his daughter Catharine to Henry III, the oldest son of John I, put an end to hostility between the two branches of the Castilian royal family.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/spain/h_14.html (1074 words)

	Amazon.com: "Henry of Carinthia": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		History of the House of Austria: From the Foundation of the Monarchy by Rhodolph of Hapsburgh, to the Death of Leopold the Second: 1218 to 1792.
		Henry of Carinthia, became a candidate in virtue of his marriage with Anne, eldest sister of the deceased monarch ; but Albert claimed...
		The sister of the late king had married Henry of Carinthia Succession in and Tyrol, the brother of Albert's wife.' In spite Bohemia.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Henry-of-Carinthia (497 words)

	1360s
		In a revisitation of the Plague, Henry of Grosmont dies along with his daughter, the wife of John of Ghent.
		3: at Najera, Edward, Prince of Wales, defeats Henry of Trastamara.
		Henry of Trastamara defeats Pedro the Cruel, retaking Castile.
	www.labelle.org /hyw1360.html (414 words)

	The Age of Torquemada by John Edward Longhurst, Chapter 2
		The conflict raged across Castile for almost twenty years, with Henry winning popular support by legalizing his rebellion in the name of a crusade against that "Jew son of a bitch" Peter and the Jew conspirators who were supporting him.
		In 1360, when he seized the Henry further sanctified his Cause by massacred all the Jews in town, and at but calculated intervals during the next ten similar instances of political trimming resulted in the indiscriminate murder of thousands of Jews all over Castile.
		Henry of Trastamara, who was never really at the Jews anyway, assumed the burdens of royal responsibility with the assistance of the Jewish talent he employed for the administration of his kingdom.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/texts/carrie_books/longhurst2/02.html (3268 words)

	TIME CAPSULES March 28 (mar28eve.htm) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		1369 A.D. Henry of Trastamara assassinates the King of Castile - Pedro at Montiel.
		Pedro was known as "the Cruel" because of his abuse of the Inquisition and he was the first known European monarch to be able to write fluently.
		1606 A.D. Jesuit priest Father Henry Garner is executed for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot in which King James I falsely accuses Catholics in England for not being loyal to the throne.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/2001Apr/mar28eve.htm (246 words)

	John of Gaunt
		On the 29th of September 1342 he was made Earl of Richmond; as a child he was present at the sea fight with the Spaniards in August 1350, but his first military service was in 1355, when he was knighted.
		Pedro proved false to his English allies, and was finally overthrown and killed by his rival, Henry of Trastamara, in 1369.
		The exile of his son Henry in 1398 was a blow from which he did not recover.
	www.nndb.com /people/826/000094544 (1476 words)

	HENRY M - Online Information article about HENRY M
		Henry was able to reduce his See also:
		Henry strengthened his position still further by his See also:
		rival claims of the descendants of Peter and of Henry of Trastamara.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HENRY_M.html (451 words)

	The Age of Torquemada by John Edward Longhurst, Chapter 3
		As we have seen, Henry of Trastamara had a taste for killing Jews himself: during his successful war against his brother Peter the Cruel he had massacred them by the thousands.
		Men, women and children were axed, hammered, bludgeoned and chopped to death, while the hot voice of Archdeacon Martinez kept urging his army on to even greater slaughter in the name of the Lord.
		Action was temporarily delayed by the death in 1406 of Henry (III) the Invalid.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/texts/carrie_books/longhurst2/03.html (4507 words)

	Bertrand du Gueslin. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ransomed by Charles V, who placed him at the head of the "free companies," the marauding soldiers who pillaged France after the Treaty of Brétigny between France and England, Du Guesclin was sent to Spain to aid Henry of Trastamara (later Henry II of Castile) against Peter the Cruel.
		In 1369, however, he and Henry won the battle of Montiel, gaining for Henry the throne of Castile.
		Warfare with England was renewed in 1369, and Du Guesclin reconquered Poitou and Saintonge and pursued the English into Brittany from 1370 to 1374.
	www.metal-soldiers.com /medieval/bertran.htm (339 words)

	Pedro López de Ayala Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		As Henry's standard-bearer, he fought at the battle of Nájera (1367), where he was taken prisoner, in spite of his gallantry, by Edward the Black Prince, for England had intervened on the side of King Peter.
		López now enjoyed the royal favor and accumulated riches and honors under Henry II and his son John I. He served them faithfully and well as a diplomat (missions to Aragon and France) and soldier.
		He wrote the chronicles of the kings he served (Peter I, Henry II, and John I and began one on Henry III), and in them he inaugurated in Castile the genre of literary portraiture.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/pedro-lopez-de-ayala (522 words)

	JOHN OF GAUNT'S INTERVENTION IN SPAIN: POSSIBLE REPERCUSSIONS FOR CHAUCER'S LIFE AND POETRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is my hypothesis: Chaucer went to Spain to persuade English knights to abandon Henry of Trastamara because the English military forces would fight on the side of king Peter.
		The Castilian king Peter was an ally of England under the mutual treaty of 22 June 1362, which was ratified by Edward III (February 1, 1363) and by king Peter (September 28, 1364).
		Henry of Trastamara is accussed of usurper ("out of the land thy brother made thee flee", 2378), murder ("where as he with his owene hand slow thee", 2381), and thief ("succedynge in the regne and in thy rente", 2382).
	www.chaucerandspain.com /repercusssions.htm (7934 words)

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