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Topic: Hepadnaviridae

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Hepadnavirus

Virus classification

DNA virus

Caulimoviridae

RNA virus

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B

Polyomavirus

Cauliflower Mosaic virus

DNA polymerase

RNA

Herpesviridae

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	Hepadnaviridae - MicrobeWiki
		The name "Hepadnaviridae" is derived from the Latin word hepa, meaning "liver", due to the liver infections this family of viruses causes.
		Members of the Hepadnaviridae family are pararetroviruses, and as such are classified with Retroviruses and Caulimoviruses in the genome group of retro-transcribing viruses.
		Hepadnaviridae virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid, and are 40-48nm in diameter.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Hepadnaviridae (0 words)

	Hepadnaviridae Summary
		Hepadnaviridae is a family of hepadnaviruses comprised by two genera, Avihepadnavirus and the Orthohepadnavirus.
		Hepatitis B Virus or HBV, the prototype member of the family Hepadnaviridae, is transmitted by both infected blood (blood transfusions, grafts) and body fluids (usually through sexual relations with infected partners).
		All Hepadnaviridae viruses have a high affinity with liver cells (hepatotropy) and the viruses of the genus Avihepadnavirus, also known as avian hepadnaviruses, have as targets the liver of birds, such as storks, ducks, herons, etc.
	www.bookrags.com /Hepadnaviridae (0 words)

	ICTVdB Virus Description - 00.030. Hepadnaviridae
		Reverse transcription as an essential step in the replication is a common feature of Hepadnaviridae, Retroviridae and Caulimoviridae.
		Many other aspects are distinctly different in both virus families, partly due to the extremely small size of the genome of Hepadnaviridae and the need to efficiently exploit this restricted genetic space by using considerable overlap of both coding regions and regulatory elements.
		The following references are cited in the ICTV Report.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /ICTVdb/ICTVdB/30000000.htm (0 words)

	Look What I Found In My Brain!: Hepatitis
		There are several types of viral hepatitis; hepatitis A and B are the most common types and are caused by members of the family Hepadnaviridae, but other versions (C through F) are caused by water-borne calciviruses and togoviruses.
		It is caused by DNA viruses in the family Hepadnaviridae and is much more serious than hepatitis A. Hepatitis B has a long incubation period (around three months) and can cause severe liver damage and even death.
		It is caused by a combination of the delta virus and the virus which causes hepatitis B. The hepatitis delta virus is a defective virus which uses single-stranded RNA as its genetic material.
	www.sff.net /people/lucy-snyder/brain/2005/07/hepatitis.html (1094 words)

	Retroid Elements and Retroviruses (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Retroviridae [ssRNA(+) viruses replicating via a longer-than-genome-length dsDNA intermediate], Hepadnaviridae, caulimoviruses and badnaviruses [gapped circular dsDNA viruses replicating via longer-than-genome-length RNA intermediates] all share the unlikely attribute of the use of an enzyme complex consisting of a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase/RNAse H in order to replicate.
		They share this attribute with several retrotransposons, which are eukaryotic transposable cellular elements with striking similarities with retroviruses [such as the yeast Ty element, and the Drosophila copia element]; and with retroposons, which are eukaryotic elements which transpose via RNA intermediates, but share no obvious genomic similarity with any viruses other than the reverse transcriptase.
		The evolution of the DNA retroviruses - Hepadnaviridae, caulimo- and badnaviruses - is more obscure; it appears as though these arose from retrotransposon-like sequences, but this probably occurred near the origin of of these types of element as they are so diverse in sequence and genome organisation.
	www.mcb.uct.ac.za /tutorial/retroid.html (348 words)

	Introduction hepatitis B
		Hepatitis B is caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), a double stranded DNA hepadnaviridae virus.
		The virus is replicated in the liver and high concentrations of the virus are found in the blood.
		HBV is a small, double-shelled virus in the class Hepadnaviridae.
	www.volusiahealth.com /eh/hepb/introductionb.htm (796 words)

	Hepatitis B virus (HBV): acute hepatitis B, chronic HBV infection, hepatitis B vaccine & vaccination
		Hepatitis B virus, Acute Hepatitis B, Chronic HBV infection, Hepatitis B vaccine, vaccination hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Disease, Acute Hepatitis B, Chronic HBV infection, Epidemiology, vaccination, vaccinal strategy, vaccine, vaccines, immunization, viral hepatitis, virus of Hepadnaviridae family.
		Hepatitis B is a viral hepatitis caused by a virus of the Hepadnaviridae family.
		HBs antigen (Ag HBs), previously known as Australia antigen, is a viral envelope.
	www.hepatitis-b.org (1852 words)

	Retroid Elements and Retroviruses (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Retroviridae [ssRNA(+) viruses replicating via a longer-than-genome-length dsDNA intermediate], Hepadnaviridae, caulimoviruses and badnaviruses [family Caulimoviridae, gapped circular dsDNA viruses replicating via longer-than-genome-length RNA intermediates] all share the unlikely attribute of the use of an enzyme complex consisting of a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase/RNAse H in order to replicate.
		Bacteria such as E coli also have reverse- transcribing transposons -known as retrons - but these are very different to any of the eukaryotic types while preserving similarities in certain of the essential reverse transcriptase sequence motifs.
		It is believed that retrotransposons may contribute substantially to the evolution of their hosts.
	www.mcb.uct.ac.za /tutorial/retroid.htm (457 words)

	:: Liver Diseases - Hepatitis B ::
		In light of this, the human hepatitis B virus became the archetype of the hepadnavirus family, Hepadnaviridae.
		With human HBV as the archetype, the members of the hepadnaviridae family include duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), snow goose hepatitis B virus (sgHBV), woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), and wooley monkey hepatitis virus.
		There are likely other viruses that have yet to be isolated which would also be classified as a hepadnaviridae.
	www.liverindia.com /hepb.htm (3953 words)

	Hepatitis B Virus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		HBV is a small, double-shelled virus in the family Hepadnaviridae.
		Other Hepadnaviridae include duck hepatitis virus, ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and woodchuck hepatitis virus.
		The virus has a small circular DNA genome that is partially double-stranded.
	www.worldwidehealth.org /Hepatitis%20B/hepatitis_b_virus.htm (392 words)

	HEPADNAVIRIDAE
		Specialty definitions using "HEPADNAVIRIDAE": Avihepadnavirus ♦ Hepadnaviridae Infections ♦ Orthohepadnavirus.
		Non-English Usage: "HEPADNAVIRIDAE" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.
		Latin (Hepadnaviridae, Hepadnaviridae Infections, hepadnavirus), Portuguese (Hepadnaviridae, hepadnavirus).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/He/Hepadnaviridae.html (261 words)

	Hepadnaviridae, genetics
		Modified nucleosides of the primer tRNA have been shown to be important for replication of the primer binding site, encapsidation of the primer (in the case of Rous sarcoma virus), and interaction with the genomic RNA (in the case of human immunodeficiency virus type I).
		Thus, we have isolated a hepadnavirus with a host intermediate between humans and rodents and establishes a new animal model for evaluation of antiviral therapies for treating HBV chronic infections.
		Interaction of the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein with hepatitis B virus X protein is conserved among mammalian hepadnaviruses and restricted to transactivation-proficient X-insertion mutants.
	protein-structure.lib.bioinfo.pl /meid:3614 (2307 words)

	MEDICAL BIOLOGY: ON HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
		These seminal studies made possible the serologic diagnosis of hepatitis B and opened up the field to rigorous epidemiologic and virologic investigation.
		3) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae (hepatotropic DNA virus) family.
		Hepadnaviruses have a strong preference for infecting liver cells, but small amounts of hepadnaviral DNA can be found in kidney, pancreas, and mononuclear cells.
	www.scienceweek.com /2004/sc041112-5.htm (617 words)

	Hepatitis B — Complete medical information regarding the HBV virus on MedicineNet.com
		What kind of a virus is the hepatitis B? The hepatitis B virus belongs to a family of DNA viruses called Hepadnaviridae.
		The name of the family comes from Hepa, meaning liver; DNA, referring to deoxyribonucleic acid, the virus' genetic material; and viridae, meaning virus.
		Accordingly, several animal models have been developed to study the hepatitis B virus and to evaluate new drugs to treat hepatitis B virus.
	www.medicinenet.com /hepatitis_b/page2.htm (580 words)

	Amazon.com: Hepadnaviridae - Science: Books (Site not responding. Last check: )
		caused by a DNA virus that is classified in the Hepadnaviridae.
		Hepadnaviridae RNA to DNA then viral in cytoplasm reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent...
		is a partially double-stranded, circular DNA virus of the family Hepadnaviridae.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Hepadnaviridae&rh=n:75,k:Hepadnaviridae&page=1 (882 words)

	Genelabs Technologies, Inc. - Resources - Glossary of Terms
		Symptoms include jaundice (yellowish skin caused by the buildup of bile pigments in the body), fever, appetite loss and gastrointestinal upset.
		HxV - Viruses that cause hepatitis are lettered A through G. - A DNA virus in the family Hepadnaviridae.
		Hepatitis B has a long incubation period (around three months) and can cause severe liver damage and even death.
	www.genelabs.com /resources/glossary.html (1797 words)

	The BSPP - Publications - Molecular Plant Pathology - Pathogen Profiles - Cauliflower mosaic virus: still in the news (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is the type member of the Caulimovirus genus in the Caulimoviridae family, which comprises five other genera.
		CaMV replicates its DNA genome by reverse transcription of a pregenomic RNA and thus belongs to the pararetrovirus supergroup, which includes the Hepadnaviridae family infecting vertebrates.
		Virions are non-enveloped isometric particles, 53 nm in diameter (Fig.
	www.bspp.org.uk /publications/pathprofiles/pathprofile19.htm (253 words)

	Mechanisms of Hepadnavirus Assembly and Replication
		HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae, a family of para-retroviruses that have a small DNA genome and replicate through an RNA intermediate (the pregenomic RNA, or pgRNA), by a unique reverse transcription pathway.
		The initiation of both viral DNA synthesis and nucleocapsid assembly is triggered by the assembly of a specific ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex between the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) and a specific RNA signal located at the 5' end of pgRNA termed epsilon.
		Hepadnaviridae, duck hepatitis B virus, genetic transcription, virus assembly, virus infection mechanism, virus replication
	researchresources.bumc.bu.edu /abstract/2R01AI043453-06.htm (341 words)

	Marie Curie Fellowships: Life Sciencies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We propose knowledge-based prediction, combination, and introduction of synthetic oligonucleotides encoding functional oligopeptide sequences (immunological epitopes, nucleic acids packaging and cell addressing sequences) into self-assembly competent carriers.
		As such carriers, constituents of capsids and envelopes of Hepadnaviridae, Leviviridae, Sobemovirus origin are chosen.
		Research training will include selection of active oligopeptide sequences, introduction of them into the desired sites onto the carriers, and structural and functional analysis of the fate of the inserted oligopeptides.
	www.lza.lv /Marie_Curie_Pumpens.htm (248 words)

	Robert's HBV Page - The History of the Hepatitis B Virus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The HBV genome is unique in the world of viruses due to its compact nature, use of overlapping reading frames, and dependence on a reverse-transcriptional step, though the virion contains primarily DNA.
		Though the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from HBV has been detected in other primates, humans remain its primary reservoir.
		In the recent past, many related viruses have been found in other species, but each particular virus is species specific.
	www.globalserve.net /~robertg/HBV/history.htm (851 words)

	hepadnaviridae
		Current efforts should be considered along with such local information as resource availability, administrative structures, and economic, social, and regulatory environments hepadnaviridae organizations and practitioners.
		The Counter—Marketing manual was developed hepadnaviridae be a complex process.
		Smoking-Attributable hepadnaviridae Morbidity and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) is an online application that allows you to estimate the health and.
	hometown.aol.com /GennyGwyn9770/hepadnaviridae.html (0 words)

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