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Topic: Heptarchy

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	Heptarchy
		Heptarchy is the name historians apply to the period of English history after the Anglo-Saxons conquered Britain, but before the Vikings started their predations on that island.
		This term, heptarchy, is Greek for "seven rulers", referring to the fact that between the two years mentioned above it was thought that England was divided into seven kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex.
		Further, research has shown that a number of political divisions played a far more important role than were earlier thought; these kingdoms include Lindsey, the Hwicce, Magonsaete[?], Surrey, the Wihtware or inhabitants of the Isle of Wight, the Middle Angles[?], and the Gewissae[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/he/Heptarchy.html (200 words)

	Heptarchy (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Heptarchy (Greek: &7953;&960;&964;&8049;; "seven" and &7936;&961;&967;&8055;&945;; "sovereignty") is the name applied by historians to the period in English history after the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the southern portion of the island of Great Britain, named Angleland (England) by them, up to the time when the Vikings started their predations into parts of Britain.
		Such were the kingdoms (or sub-kingdoms) of Lindsey (in present-day Lincolnshire), the Hwicce, the Magonsaete (in present-day Surrey), the Wihtware (from whence the Isle of Wight), the Middle Angles, the Haestingas (from whence Hastings in Sussex) and the Gewissae (which became the kingdom of Wessex).
		Certainly the term Heptarchy has been considered unsatisfactory since the early twentieth century, and many historians have ceased using it, feeling it does not adequately describe the period to which it refers.
	heptarchy.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (323 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaediat
		Eadbald was king of the Heptarchy in 616 and a son of St Ethelbert.
		Eadbert was king of the Heptarchy in 725.
		Ethelbert II was a son of Wihtred and king of the Heptarchy in 748.
	david-pye.com /probert/C41.php (6557 words)

	Heptarchy
		By the term heptarchy is understood that complexus of seven kingdoms, into which, roughly speaking, Anglo-Saxon Britain was divided for nearly three centuries, until at last the supremacy, about the year 829, fell definitely and finally into the hands of Wessex.
		The use of the term is as old as the sixteenth century, and it is employed in Camden's "Britannia", but its propriety has been much questioned.
		One objection made against it is that, upon the analogy of other similar compounds, heptarchy ought strictly to mean a ruling body composed of seven persons.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/heptarchy.html (447 words)

	heptarchy - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		HEPTARCHY [heptarchy] [Gr.,=seven-kingdom], name traditionally applied to the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England in the period prior to the Danish conquests of the 9th cent.
		The term was probably first used by 16th-century writers who believed that in those early years England was divided into seven kingdoms— Northumbria, East Anglia, Mercia, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, and Kent.
		At one time (c.600) there appear to have been as many as 12 independent states, but the number of kingdoms, their boundaries, and their political status shifted constantly throughout this period.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-heptarch.html (218 words)

	Heptarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word heptarchy refers to the existence (as was thought) of seven kingdoms, which eventually merged to become the basis for the Kingdom of England; these were Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex.
		The 9th century Viking raids that led to the establishment of a Danish-controlled enclave at York, and ultimately to the Danelaw, gained considerable advantage from the petty rivalries between the old kingdoms.
		Certainly the term Heptarchy has been considered unsatisfactory since the early 20th century, and many professional historians no longer use it, feeling that it does not accurately describe the period to which it refers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heptarchy (474 words)

	DP S1997M: Heptarchy and Bretwalda - Twin Variants Based on Ancient Britain
		Heptarchy was first played in June 1996, and has been extensively play-tested in the intervening period since then.
		Heptarchy II was set up, basically moving a Northumbrian centre inland to York from Hull, leaving the Northumbrians with more options, and better chances in the south.
		Heptarchy III attempts to redress both these issues, moving a Northumbrian home centre to Lancaster on the West Coast, and adding a neutral in for Mercia to compensate for this.
	www.diplom.org /Zine/S1997M/Bache/dpart.html (1279 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Heptarchy
		heptarchy HEPTARCHY [heptarchy] [Grseven-kingdom], name traditionally applied to the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England in the period prior to the Danish conquests of the 9th cent.
		Sussex, kingdom of SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF [Sussex, kingdom of] one of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy (seven kingdoms) in England, located S of the Weald.
		It was settled in the late 5th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Heptarchy (341 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the bishops of most of the Southern sees were foreigners, if not consecrated, at least commissioned by the pope, and kept up a constant correspondence with Rome.
		The work of Christianization went on among the other kingdom of the heptarchy, and was aided by the marriage of kings with Christian wives, but was more than once interrupted by relapse into heathenism.
		The lofty cathedrals and ivy-clad ruins of old abbeys and cloisters in England and Scotland still remain to testify in solemn silence to the power of mediaeval Catholicism.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.ii.vii.html (518 words)

	Family of Boothby part 1
		The name of Boothby can be traced to a very remote era in the History of this Country as far back as the reign of the Saxon King Egbert who flourished upwards of one thousand years ago.
		The name therefore is connected with the first establishment of the Saxon Heptarchy.
		King Egbert caused the Heptarchy to be divided into Counties, Hundreds, and Wapentakes, and it is found that one of the Wapentakes of Lincolnshire is called Boothby, a conjectural proof that it then or originally belonged to a family of that name.
	www.fiddlelily.com /hist1.htm (537 words)

	Ancetors of Winslow Farr Sr. and Olive Hovey Freeman
		Thus were united all the kingdoms of the heptarchy in one great state, near four hundred years after the first arrival of the Saxonsin Britain; and the fortunate arms and prudent policy of Egbert at last effected what had been so often attempted in vain by so many princes.
		But the priests in the heptarchy, after the first missionaries, were wholly Saxons, and almost as ignorant and barbarous as the laity.
		The kingdoms of the heptarchy, though united by so recent a conquest, seemed to be firmly cemented into one state under Egbert; and the inhabitants of the several provinces had lost all desire of revolting from that monarch or of restoring their former independent governments.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Bluffs/2806/b51.htm (8269 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - People and Peoples (B)
		Baldred was king of the Heptarchy in 805.
		A Bretwalda was one of the kings of the Saxon heptarchy, chosen by the others as a leader in a war against their common enemies.
		Brian was an Irish chieftain who became king of Munster in 978, defeated the Danes of Limerick and Waterford, attacked Malachi and became the nominal king of Ireland.
	www.fas.org /news/reference/probert/C2.HTM (4838 words)

	Dunster Castle
		UNSTER was a fortress of the West Saxon kings during the Heptarchy.
		It was then called Torre, or Tower, by which name it was entered in Domesday book; afterwards it was called Dunne's Torre (tower on the downs), now Dunster.
		A number of persons, carrying grotesque figures of men and horses, of a sufficient size to cover them, walk about the town, and then go to Dunster Castle, where they are entertained, and receive a gift of money.
	www.mspong.org /picturesque/dunster_castle.html (673 words)

	East Anglia, United Kingdom
		There is a medieval map of the English "heptarchy", a period where there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms at war with each other.
		This map, made I believe in the 12th Century after the heptarchy period is illustrated with banners of the kingdoms.
		Those shown for Essex, Kent and Sussex appear to be very similar to their "county standards" today, while East Anglia has three crowns on a white background, Mercia appears to have a white dragon of some kind.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/gb-eangl.html (2617 words)

	Early British History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We have little evidence to provide details about the period of warfare between the Celts and Germans, or about the infighting among the various German tribes.
		By the beginning of the 7th Century, however, British Celts held the mountain regions to the west, Scots held most of the territory north of Hadrian's wall, and seven Germanic kingdoms, known as "The Heptarchy" had been established in the plains regions to the east.
		The Heptarchy consisted of the Jute kingdom of Kent, surrounded entirely by the Saxon kingdoms of Wessex, Essex, and Sussex.
	www.mathcs.duq.edu /~racicot/maps/early_britain601.html (105 words)

	DP F1996M: HEPTARCHY: Britain at war
		There are 2 ways to resolve this, one of which is to move the period of setting to a more modern time, as the Modern Variant has done very successfully.
		However, I managed to find maps of the Heptarchy of Britain, comprising Wessex in the south, Mercia in the middle, Northumbria in the north, plus East Anglia, North Wales (modern Wales), West Wales (modern Cornwall) and Strathclyde (bits of Scotland).
		Heptarchy has been played 5 or 6 times now, but only 3 times on the present version of the board, all face to face games.
	www.diplom.org /DipPouch/Zine/F1996M/Bache/heptarchy.html (2380 words)

	heptarchy - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Heptarchy, heptarchy : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Heptarchy : Stammtisch Beau Fleuve Acronyms [home, info]
		Phrases that include heptarchy: anglo saxon heptarchy, saxon heptarchy
	www.onelook.com /?w=heptarchy (208 words)

	Dianasociety
		A heptarchy is a government of seven rulers.
		Seven has great occult significance because there are seven wandering bodies that rule the heaven in ancient astrology.
		In the Enochian heptarchy, the seven spheres of planets are ruled by seven angelic Kings.
	www.geocities.com /tizivamp/heptarchy.htm (1031 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is the Heptarchy, the scattered remnants of seven nations now forced to live in an uneasy
		The Heptarchy a world of high fantasy and adventure.
		The Heptarchy is the location of a long running PBEM (Play by Email) game and regular tabletop
	www.cwgsy.net /private/shorey/pages/pbem.htm (134 words)

	Nation of England
		The territory occupied by such a federation or tribe." Using the first sense of this defintion of "nation," I would say that England as a nation would have probably been born with the reign of Alfred.
		At this point the dynasty of Wessex ruled the other, former kingdoms of the Heptarchy, so that we can say there was a large group of peole orgnised under a single, independent government.
		Indeed, it is around this time (actually shortly before...) that the various Anglo-Saxon peoples of the Heptarchy began to regard themselves as Englisc, our modern word English, and that we have the word Englaland appearing with increasing frequency.
	www.ancientworlds.net /50763 (578 words)

	Oswald, King of Northumbria, Martyr
		They established seven principal kingdoms (the Heptarchy) in England: The Saxon kingdoms of Essex, Wessex and Sussex (East Saxons, West Saxons, and South Saxons), the Angle kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria, and the Jute kingdom of Kent (in southeast England, the London area).
		To this day, there are seven principal dialects of English spoken in England, and the seven areas in which they are spoken are substantially the same as the areas of the seven ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
		His concern was for the conversion of his people to Christianity, and he sent messengers to Iona, where he had himself received the Gospel, asking for a Christian preacher.
	justus.anglican.org /resources/bio/218.html (814 words)

	History of Anglo-Saxon England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England began around AD 600, influenced by Celtic Christianity from the north-west and by the Roman Catholic Church from the south-east.
		This period has been described as the Heptarchy, though this term has now fallen out of academic use.
		The word arose on the basis that the seven kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex and Wessex were the main polities of south Britain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England (2186 words)

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