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	Herat, Afghanistan
		That which distinguishes Herat from all other Oriental cities, and at the same time constitutes its main defence, is the stupendous character of the earthwork upon which the city wall is built.
		Four times was Herat sacked by Turcomans and Uzbegs during the centuries which intervened between the Timuride princes and the rise of the Afghan power, and it has never in modern times attained to anything like its old importance.
		In 1863 Herat, which for fifty years previously had been independent of Cabul [Kabul], was incorporated by Dost Mahomed Khan principality, the actual Governor Ayúb Khan being the uterine brother and deputy of Yacúb Khan, who recently signed with the Government of India the famous treaty of Gandamak.
	www.1902encyclopedia.com /H/HER/herat.html (1455 words)

	City of Herat - Centre of Art & Literature
		Herat is the largest city in western Afghanistan and is the main trade city for exports to Iran and now Turkmenistan and Middle East.
		The minarets of the 15th-century mausoleum of Mongolian conqueror Temerlane's daughter-in-law are under reconstruction by a U.N.-funded project in Herat, Afghanistan, February 11, 2001.
		Herat is no longer on the front lines of the war, and workers are planting gardens and patching the holes to restore some of the past glory, which was blasted by Soviet artillery in the 1980s during their occupation of the country.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/herat.html (299 words)

	Herat, Afghanistan
		The city of Herat, in West Afghanistan, was once an important stop along the Silk Route and the capital of Central Asia’s Timurid civilization (1393-1507).
		Herat’s Jewish monuments offer a study in microcosm of the state of the city’s historic and vernacular architecture, not only in their destruction and neglect but also in their current recycling and readaptation.
		For example, the decoration and layout of Herat’s synagogues is related to those in Iran, whence most of the city’s Jewish community originated.
	www.isjm.org /country/herat.htm (2027 words)

	Afghanistan: emirate of Herat, by Julien Bousac
		But Ismael Khan, Herat’s governor, ignored this and said that troops stationed in Herat are already "soldiers in the Afghan National Army who have already been disarmed, since the weapons are stocked in central warehouses" (2).
		Herat was recalcitrant towards the Taliban and nostalgic for its ousted governor.
		Herat is considered one of the safest cities.
	mondediplo.com /2003/12/08Bousac (1881 words)

	Amid tensions, US, Iran both give lift to Afghanistan city - The Boston Globe
		HERAT, Afghanistan -- When the US government wanted to show its friendship here after the Taliban fell, it brought fuel to run the generators at the local hospital.
		Five years ago, Afghanistan appeared to be a rare opportunity for Washington and Tehran to mend relations, cut off in 1979 after Islamic fundamentalists ousted the pro-American shah and took American diplomats hostage.
		Most humanitarian aid and equipment for Herat, Afghanistan's third-largest city, has to be shipped through Pakistan and trucked across the country, because US aid can't be shipped through Iran.
	www.boston.com /news/world/asia/articles/2007/04/23/amid_tensions_us_iran_both_give_lift_to_afghanistan_city (1378 words)

	The Jews of Afghanistan
		In Herat, for instance, Jews spoke at least three main idioms: the main dialect of Judeo-Persian was used by Jews of Afghan origin, while immigrants from Meshhed and their descendants preferred their original local dialect, just as those coming from Yezd, another city in Iran, continued to use their own dialect.
		Although many Jews left Afghanistan during the first half of the 20th century, some of them settling in Israel, it was only in 1950 that the Jews were officially allowed to leave Afghanistan.
		Each of the three main communities still active in Afghanistan after the 1950’s - Kabul, Herat, and Balkh - had a Hevrah (community council), which took care of the needy, dealt with burials, represented the community in matters connected to the authorities and was responsible for the payment of taxes.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Afghanistan.asp (1968 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Herat, the 'pearl' of Afghanistan
		Herat, the city considered to have the most fertile soil in central Asia, was first settled 5,000 years ago.
		The golden age of Herat was the time of the Timurids, in the 14th and 15th centuries, when the city was known as the "Florence of Asia".
		The opposition troops fighting at Herat are said to be led by Ismail Khan, a Northern Alliance warlord and the city's former governor.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/1615954.stm (595 words)

	Herat Afghanistan at Best Iran Travel.com
		Herat, the capital of Herat province is of the principle cities in the northwest of Afghanistan.
		Herat was the capital of Khorasan under the Islamic Kings.
		Herat once more lived a period of splendor during the reign of the Timourid Kings (15th century) and today the ruins of minarets, mosques and other monuments are standing witness to that splendid period, when art and literature had attained a high degree of perfectoin.
	www.bestirantravel.com /sights/afghanistan/herat.html (207 words)

	Herat - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Herat, an ancient city, is identified with the Haroyu of the Vendidad (Zoroastrian priestly code), the Haraiva of Achaemenian inscriptions, and the Aria of the Greeks.
		The Uzbeks took Herat in the early 16th cent.; later it was disputed between the Persians and the rulers of an emerging Afghanistan.
		Although nominally still part of Afghanistan, the city, province, and surrounding areas are in fact under the rule of Ishmael Khan, a former Afghan army officer who led a revolt against the Soviets in 1979 and has amassed a sizable guerrilla army.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-herat.html (520 words)

	Herat Summary
		In the eleventh century, Herat was captured by the Seljuks, and in the twelfth century, it was taken over by the powerful Khwarizm empire centered on the valley of the Amu Dar'ya River.
		Herat is probably a descendant of the ancient Persian town of Artacoana, established before 500 BCE.
		During the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Herat was used by the Soviets.
	www.bookrags.com /Herat (1064 words)

	Sobaka :: Dossier: Ismail Khan / Ismael Khan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The fight to maintain what he's fought for in Herat, ironically, might be the decisive battle in Ismail Khan's twenty-five years of war, and it's one that many believe he doesn't have a prayer of winning.
		Herat became a nightmare for the occupation, with ambushes and frequent bomb attacks.
		But Herat had a major advantage over the capital: nearly 30% of the country's commerce came from the trade route from Iran, which was now plagued by banditry and sabotage.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/dossier/ikhan.html (1783 words)

	Geothermal Energy in Afghanistan: Prospects and Potential SABA et al 1feb04 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As Afghanistan continues the process of reconstruction, the national demand for commercial energy services is expected to grow, especially with respect to the majority of population of the country without access to modern energy services.
		In Afghanistan, active geothermal systems are generally located in the main axis areas of the Hindu Kush, which runs along the Herat fault system, all the way from Herat in the westernmost part of the country, up to the Wakhan corridor in the Afghan Pamirs.
		In Afghanistan, it is suggested that one of the main controlling factors in the formation of thermal water systems is continuous Neotectonic activity that facilitate the creation of passageways through fault and fracture zones in the lithosphere of this region.
	www.mindfully.org /Energy/2004/Afghanistan-Geothermal-Energy1feb04.htm (11761 words)

	Herat News
		HERAT: Four Afghan civilians and three policemen were killed on Thursday by two separate roadside bombs aimed at police convoys, police said.
		HERAT, Afghanistan - Seven Afghans were killed and several wounded on Thursday in two separate bomb blasts, police said.A roadside bomb aimed at a senior Afghan police officer killed at least four civilians and...
		Spokesman for the Defence Ministry General Zahir Azimi told reporters in Herat that 20 fighters were killed in a clash with NATO and Afghan forces in the Zangawat area of Panjwayee district.
	www.topix.net /af/herat (715 words)

	Strategic Insights -- Ismail Khan, Herat, and Iranian Influence
		Khan's insurrection was a significant impetus for the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
		Herat, for centuries the crossroad for competing Turkic and Persian empires, is a cradle of Afghanistan's history and civilization and has had historic ties to Persia and the Silk Road trade routes.
		Herat's advantageous geographical position and accompanied wealth is complemented by the fact that Khan is a legendary commander and much venerated and revered by the majority of Heratis.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/2004/jul/johnsonJul04.asp (4497 words)

	Herat
		Herat seems to be a clean, progressive town, with not as much war damage as Kabul.
		The Afghanistan Area Office of the Mediterranean Division's Gulf District was established at Kabul and the district opened a resident office in Kandahar in January 1961 to supervise the construction.
		During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan of 1979, Khan was an officer in the Afghanistan army, reaching the rank of Mujahedin commander.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/afghanistan/herat.htm (2307 words)

	UN warns of humanitarian disaster in Afghanistan
		Officials of Afghanistan's ruling Taliban militia were quoted as saying Friday that more than 500 people had died of cold in squalid displacement camps around Herat in the past three days.
		In the six displacement camps around Herat, some 5,000 families are crammed into 1,700 tents, many having sold their livestock, farming tools and even the beams from their homes to escape the drought.
		Syed Raz Mohammad Agha, head of the refugees repatriation department in the Taliban administration in Herat, told The News that the deaths had occurred during the last three days as a cold wave swept the area in the wake of an unprecedented snowfall and temperature plunged to minus 25 degrees centigrade.
	www.rawa.org /kill505.htm (934 words)

	Herat, Afghanistan Photo Gallery by Noor Khan at pbase.com
		It is situated in the valley of the Hari Rud, a river flowing from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Kara-Kum Desert in Turkmenistan.
		Herat is an ancient city with many historic buildings, although these have suffered damage in various military conflicts during the last few decades.
		During the Middle Ages Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan, and it was known as the Pearl of Khorasan.
	www.pbase.com /noorkhan/herat (254 words)

	The Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, DC
		Afghanistan’s location at the crossroads of great civilizations in history has created a stunning diversity in food, arts, languages, and traditions.
		Since 80% of Afghanistan’s economy is agrarian, rural life is still the center of the country’s socio-economic activities.
		In the centuries that followed, Herat was the pivot around which cultural influence from Iran, Central Asia, and Afghanistan converged.
	www.embassyofafghanistan.org /travel/travel2.html (1019 words)

	Ms. Magazine Online
		On January 10, new rules were issued in Herat, banning male teachers from instructing women and girls in private classes and calling for strict gender segregation in all schools.
		Herat's problems are particularly disconcerting because the city has long been one of Afghanistan's most cosmopolitan.
		A commercial center connecting the tribal desert mountain areas of central Afghanistan to the more modern culture of neighboring Iran, Herat was widely viewed as one of the more liberal places in the country.
	www.msmagazine.com /mar03/rubin.asp (622 words)

	Herat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herat was one of the important cities of Khorasan and known as the Pearl of Khorasan.
		During the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Herat was used by the Soviets.
		Mīrzā Husseyn Bāyqarāh, Emperor of the Timurid Dynasty of Herat
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Herat,_Afghanistan (1381 words)

	Afghanistan (12/07)
		In 2004, Afghanistan's GDP grew 17%, and in 2005 Afghanistan's GDP grew 14%.
		Afghanistan and Pakistan are engaged in dialogue to resolve bilateral friction.
		Afghanistan's relations with Tajikistan have been complicated by political upheaval and civil war in Tajikistan, which spurred some 100,000 Tajiks to seek refuge in Afghanistan in late 1992 and early 1993.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5380.htm (7140 words)

	Informed Comment: Global Affairs: Return from Herat: Wherein One Pessoptimist Meets Another
		The economic situation of Herat was better than now and everyone was happy but since ismael khan got removed and Said hussain Anwari a non herati became the governor of Herat Curroption and crime has been on the rise.
		Afghanistan is a country of minorities, as everyone should know by now; every single ethnic group in the country is a minority and they don’t intermingle with one another.
		History has shown the fact that Herat was the most progressive region while Ismail Khan was the governor; they were progressing in the fields of education, reconstruction, etc. Now, even in America, a candidate for the governor’s position is a native of the state.
	icga.blogspot.com /2007/08/return-from-herat-wherein-one.html (3739 words)

	Herat, Afghanistan @AryanaSite.com
		Herât, city in north-west Afghanistan, capital of Herât Province on the Harîrûd.
		The city is a trading centre for grain, fruit, vegetables, and sheep from the surrounding area.
		Dominating the old section of Herât, Afghanistan, is the 800-year-old Friday Mosque with its four blue minarets.
	www.aryanasite.com /afghanistan/cities/herat.htm (129 words)

	Afghanistan News - Breaking World Afghanistan News - The New York Times
		Afghanistan is bordered by Iran on the west, by Pakistan on the east and south, and by Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan on the north; a narrow strip, the Vakhan (Wakhan), extends in the northeast along Pakistan to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.
		In the spring of 2007, Pakistan's construction of a fence along the border with Afghanistan led to protests from Afghanistan, and sparked several border clashes between the forces of the two countries.
		Taliban forces in southern Afghanistan are fleeing to the Pakistani border after a recent rout by United States Marines, a NATO commander said Monday.
	topics.nytimes.com /top/news/international/countriesandterritories/afghanistan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo (4525 words)

	VQR » Democracy is Not a Postcard
		And in al Qaeda’s constant bid for nostalgic appeal, the terrorist outfit refers to its struggle in Afghanistan as “Jihad in Khorasan.”) Herat was one of the major cities in ancient Khorasan, and its proximity to the Hari Rud river made it ideal for trading (and transporting) horses, camels, and fruits.
		He returned to Afghanistan in the 1990s, but when rumors spread that the Taliban were planning a pogrom against the Hazaras, Iftikhar jetted back across the border.
		Herat is gradually coming to resemble the Taliban-infested provinces of the south— Helmand, Kandahar, Khost, all racked by violence.
	www.vqronline.org /articles/2008/winter/schmidle-democracy-postcard (7171 words)

	U.S.-Afghanistan Reconstruction Council
		Afghanistan was known for its crafts, jewelry, textiles and delicate needlework.
		The Herat region of northern Afghanistan has historically been the center of silk production, textiles, and a burgeoning garment industry.
		Women in Herat have restricted mobility and are forbidden to work with males.
	www.us-arc.org /commerce_herat.asp (493 words)

	Herat Travel, Herat Afghanistan, History of Herat
		Located in western Afghanistan, Herat, one of the most beautiful cities of ancient Afghanistan, is today the third largest city in Afghanistan.
		Herat was known as the Pearl of Khorasan as it was the most important industrial pole for the grain, fruit, vegetables, and sheep of the surrounding area.
		The roads from Herat to Iran, Turkmenistan, Mazari Sharif and Kandahar were important strategically since the ancient time as well as till today.
	afghanistan.saarctourism.org /herat.html (854 words)

	[ www.azadiradio.org ]
		HERAT, Afghanistan; September 7, 2007 (RFE/RL) -- Border police in the western Afghan province of Herat announced today that they have seized a 10-ton cache of weapons with markings from Iran, China, and Russia.
		General Ramatullah Safai, commander of the Afghan National Army's Sixth Brigade in Herat, told Radio Free Afghanistan that he thinks the weapons could have been brought to Herat Province by "opportunists" who want to damage relations between the governments of Afghanistan and Iran.
		Both the Afghan and U.S. governments have said they were unable to determine whether previously discovered caches of Iranian-made weapons had been shipped to Afghanistan with the knowledge of the Iranian government, or if they were purchased by the Taliban from Iranian criminal groups or smugglers.
	www.azadiradio.org /en/news/2007/09/C38A9A92-E6BE-4EB9-9F8B-195A78C40254.ASP (532 words)

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