Herbert A. Simon - Factbites

Herbert A. Simon - Factbites
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Topic: Herbert A. Simon

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	Herbert Simon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916– February 9, 2001) was a researcher in the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics and philosophy (sometimes described as a polymath).
		(1958) Organizations by James G. March and Herbert Simon with the collaboration of Harold Guetzkow.
		Simon served on the faculty of Carnegie Mellon University from 1949 until his death, pioneering the quantitative modeling of human behavior through research in a variety of fields.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Herbert_Simon (2025 words)

	Yule-Simon distribution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herbert A. Simon, On a Class of Skew Distribution Functions, Biometrika 42(3/4): 425–440, December 1955.
		In probability and statistics, the Yule-Simon distribution is a discrete probability distribution named after Udny Yule and Herbert Simon.
		Simon also hinted at a two-parameter generalization of the Yule-Simon distribution, in which the beta function is replaced by an incomplete beta function.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yule-Simon_distribution (325 words)

	Toward a Theory of Loosely Coupled Systems - Herbert A. Simon, Intellectual Godfather of this Study
		Herbert A. Simon, 84, one of the nation's intellectual virtuosos, who combined hard-edged mathematics with humanistic inclinations to develop a theory of economic decision making that gave corporate and business leaders new insight and won him a Nobel Prize, died Friday in Pittsburgh.
		Herbert A. Simon, an American polymath who won the Nobel in economics in 1978 with a new theory of decision making and who helped pioneer the idea that computers can exhibit artificial intelligence that mirrors human thinking, died yesterday.
		HERBERT A. was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on June 15, 1916.
	www.geocities.com /Wellesley/7612/theory/herbert_simon.htm (3673 words)

	Obituary: Herbert A. Simon / Father of artificial intelligence and Nobel Prize winner
		Herbert A. Simon, whose curiosity about how people make decisions helped lay the groundwork for such fields as artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology and won him the 1978 Nobel Prize in economics, died yesterday at age 84.
		Simon said that was impossible -- too many choices and too little time to analyze them cause people to choose the first option that is good enough to meet their needs.
		Simon's presence attracted scores of other researchers and untold numbers of students to the university, making him arguably one of the most powerful figures on the campus.
	www.post-gazette.com /obituaries/20010210simon2.asp (1329 words)

	Herbert Simon
		Simon concludes that it is sufficient to state that a chess master’s performance is based on a knowledge of chess and an act of (subconscious) pattern recognition.
		Simon comments that “human rationality relies heavily upon the psychological and artificial associational and indexing devices that make the store of memory accessible when it is needed for the making of decisions” (Simon, 1965, p.
		Thus, Simon challenged the economic orthodoxy on the definition of rationality by proposing the concepts of bounded and procedural rationality, and satisficing.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~frantz/HSimon.html (5193 words)

	Simon, Herbert Alexander
		According to Simon, this framework provides a more satisfactory theoretical approach for a world in which decision-making units are large enough for each one to have significant effects on prices and outputs.
		Simon's theory thus attempts to consider the psychological factors involved in decision-making that classical economists tend not to take into account.
		Simon graduated from the University of Chicago in 1936, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1943.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/548_23.html (275 words)

	Herbert Simon
		Simon subsequently began working on industrial organization and, among the various things he found, was that both the internal organization of firms and the external business decisions of firms seems to conform poorly with the Neoclassical theories of "rational" decision-making.
		Simon started his economic life at the Cowles Commission and thus his first few contributions were in that vein.
		In general, Simon's theories of bounded rationality have become an integral part of the so-called "New Institutionalist Economics".
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/simon.htm (943 words)

	Herbert Simon Obituary
		HERBERT A. SIMON's research has ranged from computer science to psychology, administration, and economics, and philosophy.
		Born in 1916 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Simon was educated in political science at the University of Chicago (B.A., 1936, Ph.D., 1943).
		The thread of continuity through all his work has been his interest in human decision-making and problem-solving processes, and the implications of these processes for social institutions.
	www.cognitivesciencesociety.org /newsletter/march01/herbsimon.html (92 words)

	Theories of Intelligence :: Herbert Simon
		Simon argues that it is not the an analysis of the optimal solution to a problem posed by a particular environment and a particular set of goals that matters, but what is needed is the best solution in general to a wide variety of tasks in a diverse environment given the constraints of the architecture.
		Furthermore, Simon argues, that although such an analysis may predict the path to a solution a human architecture may take, there are many different methods, or algorithms, that an architecture can implement to achieve the same path.
		As Simon points out, in Anderson's Rational Analysis, it is the assumptions about the computational costs that do most of the work.
	ai.eecs.umich.edu /cogarch2/theory/simon.html (189 words)

	HERBERT SIMON SCULPTOR
		During the first half of this time frame Simon's sculpture is abstract and is characterized by a working with geometric modules, often in the form of "series".
		This site gives an overview of Simon's career and concentrates on the works done from the early '70s to the present.
		The works of these past 13 years are representational in character and are based on objects and landscapes.
	www.herbertsimon.com (157 words)

	H. A. Simon - Computer Science Research
		Herbert Simon's main interests in computer science were in artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, principles of the organization of humans and machines is information processing systems, the use of computers to study (by modeling) philosophical problems of the nature of intelligence and of epistemology, and the social implications of computer technology.
		Simon had been particularly interested in the limits of parallelism and the very common occurrence of so-called nearly decomposable systems as an answer to the dilemmas of complexity.
		For over forty years Simon had been engaged in building computer simulation models of human processes for handling increasing complex and ill-structured cognitive tasks, including the processes of scientific discovery and the use of visual imagery in thinking.
	www.psy.cmu.edu /psy/faculty/hsimon/comp-sci.html (935 words)

	CMU's Simon reflects on how computers will continue to shape the world
		Herbert Simon is the man with the golden thumb.
		The symposium marks the dedication of Newell-Simon Hall, which is named in honor of Nobel laureate Herbert Simon and the late Allen Newell, winner of the National Medal of Science.
		Simon and the late Newell are the namesakes of the university's newest building, Newell-Simon Hall, which houses computer science offices.
	www.post-gazette.com /regionstate/20001016simon2.asp (2430 words)

	Herbert A. Simon -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Simon, Herbert A. social scientist Herbert A. Simon was known for his contributions in the fields of psychology, mathematics, statistics, and operations research.
		Simon, Herbert A. American social scientist known for his contributions to a number of fields, including psychology, mathematics, statistics, and operations research, all of which he synthesized in a key theory that earned him the 1978 Nobel Prize for Economics.
		U.S. social scientist Herbert A. Simon was known for his contributions in the fields of psychology, mathematics, statistics, and operations research.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9336573 (673 words)

	Complexity Digest - Multidisciplinary Creativity: The Case of Herbert A. Simon
		Simon's life of the mind, thus, affords nothing less than a "laboratory" in which to observe and examine at close quarters the phenomenon of multidisciplinary creativity.
		In a working life spanning over 60 years, Simon made seminal contributions to administrative theory, axiomatic foundations of physics, economics, sociology, econometrics, cognitive psychology, logic of scientific discovery, and artificial intelligence.
		In this paper, we attempt to shed some light on the nature of Simon's creativity and the nature of his particular Renaissance mind.
	www.comdig.org /article.php?id_article=13223 (151 words)

	Simon.html
		In the 1960's and subsequently, Simon's main research effort was aimed at extending the boundaries of artificial intelligence, with particular concern for the simulation of human thought processes, moving from the well-structured tasks addressed in early A.l.
		Simon was also active in science policy at the National level, primarily through the council and committees of the National Academy of Sciences and its associated National Research Council, and (1968-1972) the U. President's Science Advisory Committee.
		Simon had been deeply concerned with problems of knowledge representation, and their relation to language understanding processes.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/Simon.html (1193 words)

	Herbert Simon and Chunking
		More important, the focus on information used to make choices made Herbert Simon among the first to acknowledge that the issue of making good or rational choices within an organizational context was not information scarcity but information overload and "factored" conditions.
		Fifty years ago, the Herbert Simon attack focused on proverbs used to describe management and generalizations about decision making that were not issue specific.
		Herbert Simon can be appreciated as a half century intellectual barometer of the changes in thinking about educational management (since l945).
	www.albany.edu /~dkw42/s6_chunked.html (400 words)

	Herbert Alexander Simon, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		In 1978 American social scientist Herbert Simon was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his "pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations." In a stream of articles, Simon, who trained as a political scientist, questioned the mainstream economists' view of economic man as a lightning-quick calculator of costs and benefits.
		Simon's proposed alternative view was of people's rationality as "bounded." Because getting information about alternatives is costly, and because the consequences of many possible decisions cannot be known anyway, argued Simon, people cannot act the way economists assume they act.
		After earning his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago, Simon joined the school's faculty.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/bios/Simon.html (330 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Simon, Herbert
		Simon and his colleagues showed, in Models of Thought, how a wide range of cognitive processes in problem solving and problem understanding, concept attainment, language behavior, and language learning can be explained in information-processing terms and modeled with computer programs.
		Simon and his colleagues showed how a wide range of cognitive processes in problem solving and problem understanding can be explained in information-processing terms and modeled with computer programs.
		Simon’s doctoral research on decision making in organizations, later expanded into Administrative Behavior (1947), brought him to psychology, and by the middle 1950s his major research interest lay in the psychology of problem solving.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/simon.html (240 words)

	[UAI] Herbert Simon
		Simon was widely considered to be a founder of the field of artificial intelligence.
		Simon was an emeritus life trustee of Carnegie Mellon, where he had been a member of the board since 1973.
		Simon died at Presbyterian University Hospital of Pittsburgh from complications from surgery in January.
	www.kddresearch.org /Board/messages/74.html (1874 words)

	what's love got to do with it?
		One important strand of Herbert Simon's views-and again, at least in the experience of this writer, far from uncontroversial-is that meaning pertains to single words (or even to units smaller than words).
		Herbert Simon appears very neutral with respect to the many possible "schools" of literary criticism.
		Simon tends to see the realm of literary criticism in catholic ways: there is no point is trying to show that authors' intentions are irrelevant, since they are relevant to she who writes.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/4-1/text/palma.commentary.html (998 words)

	Business Library, The University of Western Ontario
		Simon, the Nobel-prize-winning intellectual and polymath died in Pittsburgh on February 9, 2001.
		Simon was born in Milwaukee, the son of an immigrant German engineer and inventor.
		His mother was an accomplished pianist and Simon was raised in an environment that encouraged learning and doing in a variety of fields.
	www.lib.uwo.ca /business/hasimon.html (956 words)

	Bio for Simon Herbert - Architectural Conservator
		Simon Herbert is Director of the Arkansas Institute for Building Preservation Trades located at Phillips Community College of the University of Arkansas in Helena, Arkansas.
		Simon holds a BA degree in Industrial Design from Ravensbourne College of Art in Kent, England and a Master of Science in Historic Preservation from the University of Pennsylvania.
		As director, Simon instructs students in a strongly practical curriculum of building preservation classes, and leads a series of popular preservation workshops held in Arkansas, Mississippi and Oklahoma.
	www.heritageconservation.net /bio_herbert.htm (180 words)

	simon.htm
		Checkland is quite critical of Simon's approach to systems thinking, and indeed to some extent defines himself by his distance from Simon's way of thinking.
		The truth, I suspect, is that both Simon and Checkland are right; we need to address tough system problems analytically and with all the mental organisation we can muster -- and also we need to address all the other issues that can swiftly derail a project.
		The main problem with Simon's approach is that not everything can be reduced to simplicity by analysis and clear thinking: some problems are irreducibly social, political, and emotional -- in other words, human.
	i.f.alexander.users.btopenworld.com /reviews/simon.htm (635 words)

	Technorati Tag: herbert
		Bob Herbert touts a study showing that the true costs of the war will amount to $1 to $2 trillion by the time the war is over with.
		Illogical Cutbacks on Cancer Bob Herbert NYT Op-Ed When I was a kid I had the wildest crush on my Uncle Breeze's wife, Betty.
		Stop Bush's War Bob Herbert NYT Op-Ed "By some estimates," according to a recent article in Foreign Affairs, "the number of Iraqis who have died as a...
	www.technorati.com /tag/herbert (534 words)

	Herbert A. Simon
		Obituary: Nobel Laureate Herbert A. Simon of Carnegie Mellon University.
		Herbert A. Simon - Herbert A. Simon Age: 84 polymath who won several awards, including the 1978 Nobel Prize in...
		Herbert Alexander Simon - Simon, Herbert Alexander, 1916–2001, American social scientist and economist, b.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0900625.html (240 words)

	Allen Newell, March 19, 1927—July 19, 1992 By Herbert A. Simon Biographical Memoirs
		The idea of M-E analysis led to the General Problem Solver (Newell, Shaw, and Simon, 1960), a program that could solve problems in a number of domains after being provided with a problem space (domain representation), operators to move through the space, and information about which operators were relevant for reducing which differences.
		The third main substantive product of the Carnegie-RAND group was a chess program named NSS, the initials of its authors (Newell, Shaw, and Simon, 1958).
		It was not the first chess program to be implemented and run (Alex Bernstein, among others, completed programs somewhat earlier), nor was it a very strong player: as critics of artificial intelligence were fond of pointing out, it was once beaten by a ten-year-old child.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/biomems/anewell.html (7153 words)

	Herbert Simon
		Simon has been exploring an area generally lying somewhere between the more complex, sometimes expressionistic style of the Constructivists and the spare, often inert manner of the Minimalists.
		As the most recent of Simon's works, the Thrus seem to constitute a movement toward greater complexity and introspection, a kind of reductivist turning from the classical to the romantic.
		In the Mazes, executed in 1978, Simon recalls the words of Paul Klee by "taking a line for a walk." An aluminum line travels through space, from a horizontal plane to a vertical one, from inside to outside and back, or vice versa.
	www.herbertsimon.com /metal.html (1238 words)

	SSRN-Cognitive Comparative Advantage and the Organization of Work: Lessons from Herbert Simon's Vision of the Future by Richard Langlois
		In a marvelous but somewhat neglected paper, "The Corporation: Will It Be Managed by Machines?" Herbert Simon articulated from the perspective of 1960 his vision of what we now call the New Economy - the machine-aided system of production and management of the late twentieth century.
		SSRN-Cognitive Comparative Advantage and the Organization of Work: Lessons from Herbert Simon's Vision of the Future by Richard Langlois
		Simon's analysis sprang from what I term the principle of cognitive comparative advantage: One has to understand the quite different cognitive structures of humans and machines (including computers) in order to explain and predict the tasks to which each will be most suited.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=365062 (419 words)

	Spring 2001: A computer science pioneer: Herbert A. Simon, 1916-2001
		On February 9, Nobel Laureate Herbert A. Simon died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at the age of eighty-four.
		Herbert A. Simon and Allen Newell, "Heuristic Problem Solving: The Next Advance in Operations Research," Operations Research, January-February 1958, 1-10.
		One of the world's leading authorities on human decision-making and artificial intelligence, Simon had been a member of the Carnegie Mellon University faculty since 1949.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:4201 /bcc/Spring2001/cio.simon.html (816 words)

	APS Observer A Life of the Mind: Remembering Herb Simon
		Perhaps the time has come add another name to the Pantheon of those who have profoundly and irrevocably changed the way we understand ourselves: Herbert A. Simon.
		Herb Simon's contributions moved psychology into the mainstream of American science just as it was blossoming in the early post-war decades, and played a major role in the advent of cognitive science as we know it today.
		But to claim to know Herb Simon well is beyond any single person, except perhaps his loving wife Dorothea, for whom he was friend, colleague, scientific collaborator, and husband of 64 years.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /observer/0401/simon.html (3006 words)

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