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	Civil War Bookshelf: Herbert Butterfield and ACW history
		Butterfield: The volume and complexity of historical research are at the same time the result and the demonstration of the fact that the more we examine the way in which things happen, the more we are driven from the simple to the complex.
		Butterfield: The difficulty of the general historian is that he has to abridge and that he must do it without altering the meaning and the peculiar message of history.
		Butterfield: The whig historian has the easier path before him and his is the quicker way to heavy and masterly historical judgements; for he is in possession of a principle of exclusion which enables him to leave out the most troublesome element in the complexity.
	cwbn.blogspot.com /2005/09/herbert-butterfield-and-acw-history.html (1207 words)

	[No title]
		Butterfield, the activist Christian and conservative historian provides little support for such a concern, and I suspect that he, in his turn, would have regarded it as being based on a far too Whiggish interpretation of the history of the English School.
		The consequences become clear in Butterfield’s subsequent paper on the new diplomacy and historical diplomacy. This was written as a response to the popular claim that the maxims and principles of old or cabinet diplomacy are inappropriate in a world of modern democracies, which require a simpler, more open and more democratic practice.
		Diplomatic history, Butterfield maintains, is often presented as a cold and calculated matter in which the balancing of forces, the adjustment of interests and the logic of the situation seem to dominate.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /polis/englishschool/sharp-isa02.doc (5584 words)

	Whig interpretation of history
		Whig History for Butterfield, was a flawed history of progressive "liberal and democratic" heroes who had won concessions in the teeth of opposition from a variety of conservative and absolutist forces and individuals.
		Butterfield was probably right to point out the dangers of glorifying and distorting the past to uphold a particular view of the present, and many would agree that the objectivity he demanded is central to all ‘good history’.
		Butterfield seems to have been particularly appalled, as a committed Christian, because felt that such optimism made sinful human beings, and not God, the shapers of their own destinies.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /philosophy/history/whig_interpretation_history.html (703 words)

	Gifford Lecture Series - Authors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sir Herbert Butterfield, historian, was born in Oxenhope, Yorkshire, on 7 October 1900.
		His father, Albert Butterfield, was forced to leave school at the age of ten because of his own father’s premature death, and had been unable to fulfil his desire to train for the Methodist ministry.
		Butterfield inherited his father’s concerns for the ministry of the church and served as a Methodist lay preacher in Cambridge and the surrounding villages until 1936.
	www.giffordlectures.org /Author.asp?AuthorID=32 (1035 words)

	Amazon.com: The Origins of Modern Science: Books: Herbert Butterfield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Butterfield advanced the notion of its eruption was caused by the 'destruction of Aristotaslian physics,' that was crucial to the development of science that was the basis of western civilization.
		Butterfield's main interests were diplomatic history and historiography, and was highly concerned with religious issues, but he did not believe that historians could uncover the hand of God in history.
		Butterfield's ability to discriminate, his insight into what is genuinely scientific and what he would call "archaic", are used in the service of a historical theory that, as far as I am concerned, has not aged and is still valid.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0684836378?v=glance (2091 words)

	The Voice
		Butterfield is an important 20th century historian, especially for those interested in a Christian approach to history.
		One way Butterfield tried to ensure that a particular interpretation was not simplistic was to insist that even the most detailed writing was provisional—no one should presume to have the final word.
		Butterfield was deeply suspicious of the many ideologies characterized by a rejection of Christian teaching which arose after the French Revolution.
	www.dordt.edu /cgi-bin/publications/voice/article.pl?id=235 (932 words)

	Zero Tolerance
		Butterfield thought it ridiculous that history should glorify the present and eulogise the past.
		For Butterfield, the Whig thinks that unless he can say who was in the right in a struggle of yesteryear, he will not have done his job.
		Butterfield thinks that the verdict the Whig brings to conclude his story will always be beyond that which the past allows for.
	www.la-articles.org.uk /42.htm (1351 words)

	[No title]
		Butterfield, an eminent historian, is remembered within International Relations mainly as convenor of the British Committee on the Theory of International Politics, which sought to bring together academics and practitioners. Butterfield wrote a number of books and essays on international relations.
		For according to Butterfield ‘the ultimate principle in question is that law of Christian love which comprises amongst other things all that we know of charity or charitable-mindedness’. To radical deontology, or disregard for consequences, must next be added predicament, and the very different solutions to predicament proposed by secular and religious minds.
		Butterfield used this mildly eccentric term to refer to the kind of social situation in which even those of goodwill might be unable to avoid conflict because the structure of relations made trust and cooperation difficult to achieve.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /polis/englishschool/jones01.doc (5259 words)

	BrothersJudd.com - Review of Herbert Butterfield's The Whig Interpretation of History
		Though Herbert Butterfield's specific target in this great essay is a whiggishness with which few of us will be familiar, so much of what he has to say is broadly applicable that it rewards reading even seventy years later.
		There is an alternative line of assumption upon which the historian can base himself when he comes to his study of the past; and it is the one upon which he does seem more or less consciously to act and to direct his mind when he is engaged upon a piece of research.
		Butterfield wrote it has been far more likely that historians would fall into the Marxist or feminist or whatever other political doctrine is the flavor of the day, fallacy than that they'd fall into whiggery.
	www.brothersjudd.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/reviews.detail/book_id/1199 (1062 words)

	What is History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Butterfield’s criticism of historians who write “present – minded” history lead on to wonder how history can be written without present day influences.
		Butterfield’s criticisms found that history of political views was influenced by the historian’s presently held political views and assumptions of the direction in which history was going.
		Butterfield damns Whig historians for not being objective; however we must all see how easy a trap it is to fall into.
	www.dickinson.edu /~dugans/Whatishistory.html (946 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Whig Historiography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although a recognition of the political uses to which history had been put by Whigs (in the political sense) was a commonplace in critical historiography, Butterfield attempted to delineate an approach to historical writing that was not, strictly speaking, a reference to a political ideology.
		There were a number of elements to Butterfield's critique of this style of history-writing, not least of which was an absolute rejection of the idea of seeing history in present terms and from present conceptual positions: the historian must understand a period or moment through the ideas and concepts of those who lived (in) it.
		Butterfield's principal concern was with those historians for whom Britain's (or, more often, England's) past was a glorious tale of continual progress, with particular reference to the institutions of the civil state.
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1205 (576 words)

	Butterfield, John on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Corporate Profile for Butterfield and Butterfield, dated May 15, 1998.
		BUTTERFIELD, JOHN [Butterfield, John] 1801-69, American stagecoach proprietor and expressman, b.
		Butterfield's sociology of Whig history: a contribution to the study of anachronism in modern historical thought.(Herbert Butterfield)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/butterfij1.asp (302 words)

	whig historu
		As a defence against such tendencies, Butterfield upheld the rigorous and painstaking work of historical scholarship, in which one deliberately ignored the temptation to write history for the sake of the present.
		Butterfield’s attacks certainly helped to maintain and encourage prevailing tendencies in British academic history towards narrow PhD-style research and books which had little or no appeal to a general readership.
		Butterfield was right to point out the dangers of glorifying and distorting the past to uphold a particular view of the present, and many would agree that the objectivity he demanded is central to all ‘good history’.
	www.history-ontheweb.co.uk /concepts/whighistory53.htm (1061 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		He looks at the influence these key figures had on Christian realists such as Arnold Toynbee and Herbert Butterfield, and asks why Christian beliefs were written out of later accounts of the origins of the discipline, particularly in Britain.
		Butterfield, in particular, developed a form of structural realism, deceptively similar to the later neorealist position.
		The point is that, like Toynbee and Butterfield, each of these people has a register which requires them to enter into the texts and the religious beliefs that they shared.
	www.fathom.com /feature/35603 (976 words)

	brow - day of the lord, chapter 6
		Herbert Butterfield was one of the few historians who has attempted "a deeper analysis of that moral retribution which seems to be worked out in the very processes of time, that nemesis which makes itself apparent within the course of history" (Christianity and World History [London, 1949], p.51).
		In addition to a moral component, a day of the Lord is often perceived by one party or the other as a righting of wrongs, a freeing from unjust attack or oppression.
		But Butterfield also reminds us that "it is a dangerous illusion to imagine that if Germany can be proved to have sinned those who were fighting against her may be assumed to have been righteous.
	www.brow.on.ca /Books/DayLord/DayLord6.html (2734 words)

	Herbert Butterfield
		Herbert Butterfield (1900-1979) was an important British historian and religious thinker whose ideas, in particular his concept of a “Whig interpretation of history,” remain deeply influential.
		Drawing on his investigations into Butterfield’s vast and diverse output of published and unpublished work, McIntire explores Butterfield’s ideas and methods.
		He also traces the theme of dissent that ran through Butterfield’s life and work, presenting a man who found himself at odds with prevailing convictions about history, morality, politics, religion, and teaching, a man who elevated the notion of dissent into an ethic of living in tension with any established system.
	yalepress.yale.edu /yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=0300098073 (157 words)

	Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael \| Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This paper examines Herbert Butterfield's contribution to the English School approach to diplomacy.
		It argues that a broader reading of Butterfield's output, which incorporates his writings on Christianity, International Relations and History, provides the foundation for a rethinking of his work.
		In particular, it is suggested that there is a gap between the overly prescriptive approach of some of his writings on diplomacy and the more nuanced attitude to the subject evident in his publications as an international historian.
	www.clingendael.nl /publications/diplomacy/papers?id=5050&&type=summary (135 words)

	Contemporary Review: Herbert Butterfield: Historian as Dissenter.(Brief Article)(Book Review)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Herbert Butterfield is, perhaps, best remembered for his book, The Whig Interpretation of History which set new standards in British historiography.
		This 'intellectual biogroaphy' is by a Canadian scholar who knew Butterfield and who had had access to his surviving manuscripts.
		This is 'a study in the history of historiography', not a 'full blown biography' or a 'life and...
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:129462630&refid=ink_tptd_mag (170 words)

	The American Spectator
		Butterfield urbanely turned the tables on the Hallams, the Carlyles, the Macauleys, and such whose tapestries described the inevitable sweep of Progress and Liberty brought about by Protestantism and Whig political principles.
		Well, said Butterfield, history was more likely the interaction of forces which neither side then imagined, and it was the business of the historian to look at events from the standpoint of the protagonists and not to invent a myth that suited the correctness of modern politics.
		Butterfield's book, written in 1931, is still in print, and still a good handbook for explicating the editorials of the New York Times.
	www.spectator.org /dsp_article.asp?art_id=8661 (1556 words)

	Chemistry
		Butterfield’s antiwhiggism reflected the approach of Alexandre Koyré, and before him the tradition of philosophical history derived from Immanuel Kant, which searched for organizing intellectual schemes, worldviews, Weltanschauungen, or paradigms.
		Although recent historians have been careful to distance themselves from Butterfield’s pronouncement, assertions that Lavoisier’s work represented the revolutionary first steps in the constitution of chemistry as a true "science" are sometimes still made.
		Butterfield claimed that chemistry had waited until the end of the eighteenth century to achieve a coherent framework of fundamental ideas.
	www.unh.edu /history/golinski/paper5.htm (8816 words)

	Luther and Science
		Even the careful historian, Herbert Butterfield, called Luther's remark a "scathing condemnation" [12].
		Herbert Butterfield [28] dates the breakdown of the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic system from the time when Galileo (circa 1600) formulated the principle of inertia.
		This principle, which states that a body moving with constant velocity continues to move with constant velocity unless acted on by an external force, helped to explain why everything would not fall off the earth if it were in motion.
	www.leaderu.com /science/kobe.html (4230 words)

	Cambridge University Library Online
		The papers of the Cambridge historian, Sir Herbert Butterfield (1900-79), were presented to the University Library by his widow in 1980.
		The papers are gathered in some 530 numbered files, and preserve Butterfield's arrangement, but since there was no order apparent the files have been artificially grouped into broadly thematic sequences.
		The papers in the Library date chiefly from the end of World War II to the 1970s; from the beginning of this period Butterfield was assisted in his University and College duties by a secretary.
	www.lib.cam.ac.uk /MSS/Butterf.html (169 words)

	PlanetPapers - The Scientific Revolution: A New View of the World
		Herbert Butterfield stated that, “Since the Scientific Revolution overturned the authority in science not only of the middle ages but of the ancient worldit outshines everything since the rise of Christianity.” During the scientific revolution Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton all voiced their opinions that contradicted the views of the church.
		By the end of the seventeenth century our views on the natural world were replaced by scientific method based on observation, analysis and experimentation.
		Herbert Butterfield’s statement proves to be true because the scientific revolution opened up our minds about the world around us, and gave a new understanding about our universe.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/4306.php (556 words)

	Butterfield, William on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		BUTTERFIELD, WILLIAM [Butterfield, William] 1814-1900, English Gothic-revival architect.
		Favored by the Ecclesiological Society for his Puginlike correctness in recalling Gothic forms, Butterfield rose to prominence in the middle of the 19th cent.
		Butterfield and Butterfield First to Provide Illustrated Interactive Auction Catalogs On-line to World-wide Audience of Collectors.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/ButterfiW1.asp (266 words)

	The Scientific Revolution Reshapes the World - Richard G. Olson
		FOOTNOTE: 1" So wrote British historian Herbert Butterfield in 1949, when he popularized the notion that a "scientific revolution" had occurred in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
		In the half century since Butterfield's call to attend to the importance of the scientific revolution, specialized historians of science have dramatically reinterpreted its character in several respects:
		Yet one crucial insight of Butterfield's seems as true today as it did 50 years ago: The set of events referred to as the scientific revolution not only...
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1999/april/Sa17931.htm (319 words)

	History News Network
		Seventy-five years ago, Herbert Butterfield's The Whig Interpretation of History criticized the work of Thomas Macaulay and Lord Acton.
		Warren suggests that Butterfield's critique did not resolve all the issues and that they are as germane as yesterday's discussion at Cliopatria.
		Teasing the Soldier: Herbert A. Friedman's "Sex and Psychological Operations" is a study of the use of sex as propaganda in 20th century warfare.
	hnn.us /blogs/entries/10468.html (275 words)

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