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Topic: Herbivore

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	Herbivore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herbivores can be further classified into various sub-groups, such as frugivores, which eat mainly fruit; or folivores, which specialize in eating leaves.
		The diets of some herbivorous animals vary with the seasons, especially in the temperate zones, where different plant foods are most available at different times of year.
		Herbivores form an important link in the food chain as they transform the sun's energy stored in the plants to food that can be consumable by other carnivores up the food chain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Herbivore (415 words)

	Nature Works - Herbivores (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plants are often very easy for herbivores to find, but they are sometimes low in the nutrients the animals need to grow and stay healthy.
		Herbivores that rely on those plant parts must spend a lot of their time grazing and browsing to get the nutrients they need!
		Some herbivores have digestive systems to help them get the most out of the plants they eat.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwep9a.htm (270 words)

	The Comparative Anatomy of Eating
		The teeth of herbivorous animals are closely grouped so that the incisors form an efficient cropping/biting mechanism, and the upper and lower molars form extended platforms for crushing and grinding.
		Herbivorous animals that consume plants containing a high proportion of cellulose must “ferment” (digest by bacterial enzyme action) their food to obtain the nutrient value.
		Human teeth are also similar to those found in other herbivores with the exception of the canines (the canines of some of the apes are elongated and are thought to be used for display and/or defense).
	www.vegsource.com /veg_faq/comparative.htm (2742 words)

	Evolution and Spatial Structure Interact to Influence Plant-
		Herbivores had the potential to consume 50% of each plant they encountered (simulations were qualitatively similar for herbivore consumption ranging from 15% to 85% of each plant).
		Herbivores randomly walked to one of eight neighboring cells per step (moore neighborhood) for five steps during their life time, for an average distance of 2.15 cells from their natal cell, and attempted to feed if a plant was present.
		Herbivore populations with larger individual neighborhoods were not at risk of extinction, exhibited reddened spectra of low-frequency dynamics, and increased in response to evolution.
	www.geneseo.edu /~hartvig/research/fwproc.htm (4533 words)

	Susceptibility of Potted Sweetgum Seedlings to Insect Herbivore Damage as Influenced by Fertilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Types and numbers of insect herbivores were recorded at 2- to 3-week intervals for each seedling throughout the experiment and cumulative damage was estimated for each seedling at the end of the experiment.
		Herbivore damage was generally light, except for weeks 2 through 5, when seven seedlings were defoliated and killed.
		Other insect herbivore species were detected, but their impacts were minor.
	www.srs.fs.usda.gov /pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=7503 (477 words)

	Herbivore
		Herbivore conceals the identity of communicating parties, ensuring that eavesdroppers with unlimited wiretapping abilities cannot determine the source or destination of a message.
		Herbivore ensures that even an adversary that listens to all communication on the network cannot determine the sender or recipient of a message.
		Herbivore is resilient to this kind of attack: Eavesdroppers with unlimited wiretapping abilities cannot determine the source or destination of a message sent in Herbivore.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /People/egs/herbivore/faq.html (605 words)

	acacia
		Herbivores can have dramatic negative impacts on the growth, reproduction, and population size of plants (Howe and Westley 1988, Rosenthal and Berenbaum 1992, Marquis and Whelan 1994).
		Spatial and temporal variability in defensive plant traits is common (McKey 1979, Denno and McClure 1983), perhaps because variability in defenses may reduce the likelihood of herbivores countering plant defenses by presenting the herbivores with a moving target (Denno and McClure 1983, Karban et al.
		In a static world, herbivores could easily focus on habitats that had suitable resources and were free of natural enemies.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~gcronin/acacia.htm (2124 words)

	Comparison beweet the digestive tracts of a carnivore,a herbivore and Man
		The first major difference between the herbivore and the carnivore is the sheer amount of food the herbivore is forced to eat.
		In this way plant protein is transformed into animal protein within the herbivorous digestive tract, making it possible for herbivores to survive without even traces of animal protein in their diet.
		In The Naive vegetarian I compared the size of the gorilla to that of a man. The gorilla is a herbivorous animal with a simple stomach.
	www.second-opinions.co.uk /carn_herb_comparison.html (2737 words)

	Plants and parasitoids of herbivorous insects
		Studies have shown that the ratios of compounds in a herbivore-induced bouquet change depending upon the herbivore, but exactly which combinations of chemicals and their ratios that participate in attracting specific parasitoids is still unknown (1).
		It is generally thought that the herbivore elicits the plant to produce the synomone systemically and that synomone production not due to enzymes from the herbivore traveling throughout the plant (9).
		Two key factors that remain unknown are the elicitor from the herbivore and the exact synomone(s) that are produced in response to that elicitor.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1996/thompson.html (2381 words)

	Herbivore Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that eats only plants and no meat.
		Humans are not herbivores; rather, humans that choose not to eat meat are vegetarian.
		Some herbivores can be classified as frugivores, which eat only fruit, and folivores, which specialize in eating leaves.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/h/he/herbivore.html (193 words)

	Parasitoid Host Selection: Host and Host Food-Plant Cues
		While communicating interaspecifically through pheromones, herbivores are often much more conspicuous to their natural enemies th at exploit these pheromones as kairomones in long distance herbivore location(14).
		Recent stu dies have revealed that plants that are under attack by herbivores initiate the release of chemical "signals" that parasitoids use to locate their victims.
		CONCLUSION As herbivores have adapted to be inconspicuous to their natural enemies, it can be expected that they would emit very little in terms of odors that parasitoids could use to locate them.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1996/roachell.html (3281 words)

	herbivore -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The herbivores range from insects (such as aphids) to large mammals (such as elephants), but the term is most often applied to ungulates, or hoofed mammals.
		A typical sequence may be plant, herbivore, carnivore, top carnivore; another sequence is plant, herbivore, parasite of the herbivore, and parasite of the...
		All prosauropods were herbivores, and most were quadrupeds, though some could move on their hind legs.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9040114 (753 words)

	Search Results for "Herbivore"
		...In British English this word and its derivatives, such as herbaceous, herbal, herbicide, and herbivore, are pronounced with h.
		The term herbivore refers to animals whose diets consist wholly or largely of plant...
		An herbivore, Stegosaurus, along with Ankylosaurus, belongs to the group...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Herbivore (244 words)

	You don't have to be a vegetarian to like Herbivore
		Even though Herbivore is vegan -- no meat, dairy or eggs -- carnivores won't feel uncomfortable here, even if they're wearing a leather belt.
		A real test is how Herbivore serves brunch without eggs, bacon or cream for coffee.
		Herbivore is cornering the San Francisco vegan market, with two locations (the other is in the Mission District at 983 Valencia St., near 21st Street).
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/05/12/FDG6Q6JA891.DTL&type=food (959 words)

	What is a herbivore? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A herbivore is an animal that gets its energy from eating plants, and only plants.
		Many herbivores have special digestive systems that let them digest all kinds of plants, including grasses.
		If you put carnivores or some omnivores in your ecosystem, they'll eat your herbivores, so make sure you have enough herbivores to support them.
	www.qrg.northwestern.edu /projects/marssim/simhtml/info/whats-a-herbivore.html (107 words)

	EXTRAPOLATING FROM FIELD EXPERIMENTS THAT REMOVE HERBIVORES TO POPULATION-LEVEL EFFECTS OF HERBIVORE RESISTANCE ...
		The increased success of plants in the absence of herbivores provides a hint of how the performance of a non-crop plant might be affected if it were to obtain herbivore resistance genes from a transgenic crop.
		Another way to place the result of this meta-analysis for herbivore protection in context is to compare it to the d calculated for experiments in which competitors, as opposed to herbivores, are removed and plant response is measured.
		Populations of herbivore resistant weeds are predicted to grow quickly when effect sizes are drawn from removal studies and even more quickly when effect sizes are drawn from augment studies (Figure 2).
	www.isb.vt.edu /proceedings99/proceedings.marvier.html (3517 words)

	Walking with Dinosaurs - Glossary F - H
		Evidence for their existence dates to approximately 420 million years ago, but palaeontologists argue that they may have been around earlier.
		These are stones that are contained in the stomach of large herbivores such as the sauropods.
		The hadrosaurs, also known as the duck-billed dinosaurs, were a family of bird-hipped herbivorous dinosaurs that appeared in the Late Cretaceous period.
	www.abc.net.au /dinosaurs/fact_files/glossary_f_h.htm (587 words)

	herbivore
		Animal that feeds on green plants (or photosynthetic single-celled organisms) or their products, including seeds, fruit, and nectar.
		The most numerous type of herbivore is thought to be the zooplankton, tiny invertebrates in the surface waters of the oceans that feed on small photosynthetic algae.
		Herbivores are more numerous than other animals because their food is the most abundant.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006819.html (238 words)

	Dinosaur Diets - Enchanted Learning Software
		Plant-eaters (herbivores) usually have to eat a much larger volume of material than meat-eaters (carnivores) do in order to get the same amount of calories (this is because leaves, twigs, and roots are low in calories).
		Some examples of omnivores are Ornithomimus and Oviraptor, which ate plants, eggs, insects, etc. Also, most herbivores are "accidental omnivores" in that when they are eating plants, they also ingest a lot of insects and small animals.
		Gallimimus was a late ornithomimid dinosaur that ate by sieving tiny bits of food (like tiny crustaceans) from mud and waters in streams by using comb-like plates in its mouth.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/anatomy/Diet.shtml (991 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - herbivore
		Herbivores are primary consumers in the food web, eating plants that absorb and store energy from...
		Vegetarianism, practice of eating foods from the plant kingdom.
		Skull : dinosaur skulls: carnivorous vs. herbivorous dinosaurs
	ca.encarta.msn.com /herbivore.html (106 words)

	Melancholy Herbivore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Melancholy Herbivore will update each morning and Clip Strips will update in the afternoons.
		So in all likelihood Melancholy Herbivore and Clip Strips are probably going to be sporadic at best for a while.
		I don’t want to stop doing them, but other things are going to encroach on their time, as has already been seen.
	melancholyherbivore.blogspot.com (851 words)

	Testing Hypotheses on Plant-herbivore Interactions Using Sawfly Galls on Willows (Abstract)
		Due to differences in genetic makeup and exposure to environmental factors (such as soil moisture and nutrient levels and exposure to plant pathogens and herbivores), plants vary in their chemical and physical traits.
		Galls make great sampling units for investigating herbivory because they are discrete (each gall contains one herbivorous larva), quantifiable (easy to see and count), and indicative of insect preference (since each gall represents one successful oviposition by a female sawfly) and performance (successful larval development is indicated by an emergence hole).
		Both plant and herbivore have broad distributions and are speciose.
	tiee.ecoed.net /vol/v3/experiments/sawfly/abstract.html (753 words)

	Multi-species herbivore outbreak follows El Niño drought in Panama
		Moth larvae devoured 250% more leaf material than usual even as researchers were setting up an experimental protocol to monitor herbivores and leaf damage on twenty tree species reachable from the gondola on the arm of a 42 m tall modified construction crane in Panama City's Metropolitan Park.
		The crane, one of two in Panama and nine worldwide, permits scientists to ascend into the treetops to study previously inaccessible aspects of forest dynamics and species diversity.
		And because herbivores hit some tree species harder than others, repeated herbivore outbreaks could change the species composition of the forest.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/si-mho091604.php (541 words)

	Herbivore-Algae Predator-Prey Model
		Assume that the prey are algae in a pond on which an herbivore grazes.
		The herbivore death rate is determined by their average life span which is a nonlinear function of the consumption per head: the higher the consumption per head, the longer the life span, within limits.
		The second graph, a plot of algal density against the herbivore population, shows the limit cycle resulting from this particular choice of the variables.
	web.aces.uiuc.edu /aim/model/day3text1.htm (505 words)

	Herbivore
		Large herbivores have been found to impact a variety of systems, and aspen in the western North America seems particularly susceptible.
		However, other important deciduous plants, such as canyon maple, also appear to get hit hard by large herbivores.
		Maple, locust, aspen and other deciduous plants have declined dramatically in an important high elevation (7800' elev) riparian system found in snowmelt drainages in northern Arizona (see graph).
	www.umt.edu /MCWRU/TEMWebsite/herbivore2.htm (392 words)

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