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Topic: Hercules Globular Cluster

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	Messier Object 22
		This globular was included in Halley's list of 6 objects published 1715, and observed by De Chéseaux (his No. 17) and Le Gentil as well as by Abbe Nicholas Louis de la Caille, who included it in his catalog of southern objects as Lacaille I.12.
		This planetary was the second discovered in a globular cluster after Pease 1 in M15, and one of only four known planetary nebula in Milky Way globular clusters.
		Recent Hubble Space Telescope investigations of M22 have led to the discovery of a considerable number of planet-sized objects which appear to float through this globular cluster; these objects may have masses of only 80 times that of Earth, and were discovered by so-called micro lensing effects, i.e.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m022.html (404 words)

	Catalogue Selection Page
		Globular clusters in NGC 5128 (Peng+, 2004) (
		The globular cluster NGC 6652 (Ortolani+ 1994) (
		UVKs photometry of globular clusters in NGC 5128 (Rejkuba, 2001) (
	vizier.u-strasbg.fr /cgi-bin/VizieR-2?-kw.cat=41090479 (807 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Star cluster
		Globular clusters are roughly spherical groups of anything between 10,000 and several million stars in a region about 10 to 30 light years across.
		Until recently, globular clusters were the cause of a great mystery in astronomy, as theories of stellar evolution gave ages for the oldest members of globular clusters that were greater than the estimated age of the universe.
		A few of the brightest globular clusters are visible to the naked eye, with the brightest, Omega Centauri, having been known since antiquity and catalogued as a star before the telescopic age.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Star_cluster (1018 words)

	Star cluster Summary
		Globular clusters are roughly spherical groups of anything between 10,000 and several million stars in a region about 10 to 30 light years across.
		Until recently, globular clusters were the cause of a great mystery in astronomy, as theories of stellar evolution gave ages for the oldest members of globular clusters that were greater than the estimated age of the universe.
		A few of the brightest globular clusters are visible to the naked eye, with the brightest, Omega Centauri, having been known since antiquity and catalogued as a star before the telescopic age.
	www.bookrags.com /Star_cluster (1427 words)

	Globular Cluster
		An open cluster is a loose, irregular collection of stars that appear in the same area of the night sky, and is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the surrounding star fields.
		Open clusters are, however, varied and can appear very different from one another, depending on their size, the number of stars, the range of stellar magnitudes, and the concentration and specific arrangement of the stars.
		Globular clusters are located much farther away than open clusters; they are located in the galactic halo surrounding the Milky Way and are concentrated towards the galactic centre.
	www.ioncmaste.ca /homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro9/files/html/datasheets/Globular.html (393 words)

	* Globular Star Cluster - (Astronomy): Definition
		Globular star cluster M53 is one of the more outlying globulars, being about 60,000 light years away from the Galactic center, and almost the same distance (about 58,000 light years) from out Solar system.
		Globular clusters are large spherical groups of older stars bound together by gravity.
		The disk is surrounded by a roughly spherical halo that is relatively free of dust.
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/globular_star_cluster.html (849 words)

	Star Clusters - Globular
		Globular clusters are not formed within the galaxy structure, but usually large numbers of them form a halo around the main galactic structure.
		Globular clusters usually require a larger telescope and higher magnification to observe to best effect, although the larger and closer ones can be spectacular in small instruments.
		Stellar concentration is average for a globular cluster and it is one of the metal-richest globulars.
	www.paulandliz.org /Star_Clusters/Globulars.htm (1815 words)

	Globular Clusters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Globular clusters are much smaller and much less massive than galaxies.
		M14 is a beautiful globular cluster in Ophiuchus.
		It is thought that all the stars in an individual cluster share a common origin.
	home.alltel.net /ronccd/WebPg.5.Gl.Cl..htm (133 words)

	Messier Object 13
		M13, also called the 'Great globular cluster in Hercules', is one of the most prominent and best known globulars of the Northern celestial hemisphere.
		The membership of this star was confirmed by radial velocity measurement, and is strange for such an old cluster - apparently it is a captured field star.
		Globular cluster M13 was selected in 1974 as target for one of the first radio messages addressed to possible extra-terrestrial intelligent races, and sent by the big radio telescope of the Arecibo Observatory.
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /messier/m/m013.html (335 words)

	Hercules and the Harp
		The most fabulous sight in Hercules is M13, the Great Hercules Globular Star Cluster, which is seen along the western edge of the Keystone.
		Globular star clusters contain tens of thousands of stars crammed into, well, a big glob maybe a 100 light years in diameter.
		Hercules and Lyra are that constellations that are the gateway to the wonders of the summer skies to the east and south, and hang around into autumn.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/bmoler/hercharp.htm (780 words)

	GARY'S HOME PAGE
		Globular clusters are not concentrated in the plane of the galaxy but appear as randomly distributed throughout a halo.
		Globular clusters are gravitationally bound concentrations of approximately ten thousand to one million stars.
		Thus, globular clusters are believed to be very old and formed from an earlier generation of stars (Population II).More recent estimates yield an age of 12 to 20 billion years; the best value for observation is perhaps 14 to 16 billion.
	www.du.edu /~gjlee/final.html (1632 words)

	M13 - Globular Cluster in Hercules
		M13, the Great Cluster in Hercules, teeters on the edge of naked eye visibility and appears in binoculars as a small, circular, hazy glow.
		The cluster is located in the "Keystone" of Hercules, about a third of the way along a line drawn from Eta to Zeta Herculis, and any optical aid will reveal it.
		A 4.5-inch telescope starts to show stars at the cluster's edge as individual points, and with a 6-inch scope their images are strong and steady.
	www.nightskyinfo.com /archive/m13_globular_cluster (368 words)

	Image of the Day
		The Great Hercules Globular Cluster is familiar to many backyard astronomers.
		The cluster contains more than 100,000 stars in an area about 150 light-years across, so they are packed much more tightly than are the stars in our neck of the galactic woods.
		Most of the M13's stars are very old, more than 12 billion years, and like other clusters of its kind it is considered a window to the ancient universe, which is about 13.7 billion years old.
	www.space.com /imageoftheday/image_of_day_040519.html (215 words)

	The Hercules Globular Cluster, Messier 13
		Messier 13 is a globular cluster, a giant ball of stars.
		There are sufficient stars in globular clusters that their combined gravity acts to hold them together.
		The image on the left was taken with color filters to reveal the different temperatures, hence the different colors of the stars in the cluster.
	www.psi.edu /~esquerdo/deepsky/m13.html (259 words)

	Messier M13: The Hercules Cluster
		M13 is located in Hercules, and was discovered by the British astronomer Edmund Halley in 1714, who later became Astronomer Royal in 1719.
		This is a famous globular cluster containing several hundreds of thousands of stars.
		It is considered to be one of the finest clusters in the northern hemisphere and is visible to the unaided eye.
	www.r-clarke.org.uk /messier/m13.htm (156 words)

	Canadian Skies - National Research Council Canada
		Hercules is one of the most famous of all Greek heroes.
		The goddess Hera, Zeus' wife, raised Hercules, but when she discovered that he was not her son, she became enraged.
		This is the great Hercules Globular Cluster, a group of 500 000 very old stars about 22 000 light years away.
	www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /education/skies/cs-hercules_e.html (224 words)

	Peoria Astronomical Society - Learning Topics-Lesson 2: Observing Globular Clusters
		Since these clusters are relatively near the center, it is not suprising that nearly 40 percent of the known ones, forty-nine, are located in either Ophiucus, Sagittarius or Scorpius.
		The clusters with the highest concentration of stars are classified as I while those with a very loose density with almost no central concentration are classified as XII at the other end.
		M22 would be the greatest such cluster for us to view from here were in not for the fact it is so low in the sky and it has all the foreground stars and dust to compete with near the Milky Way's galactic center.
	www.astronomical.org /portal/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=111 (1136 words)

	APOD Index - Stars: Globular Clusters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Of the over 200 globular star clusters that orbit the center of our Milky Way Galaxy, 47 Tucanae is the second brightest globular cluster (behind Omega Centauri).
		globular clusters were destroyed over the eons by repeated fateful encounters with each other or the Galactic center.
		Hercules, M13 is frequently one of the first steps beyond the ordinary visible to the casual sky gazer.
	www.astrored.org /astrofotos/apod/globular_clusters.html (340 words)

	Bathsheba Grossman - Globular Cluster Crystal
		Among its other attractions, our galaxy is peppered with about 150 globular clusters: round concentrations of stars that have existed, without much change, since the Milky Way was young.
		This sculpture is a many-body simulation tuned to match the parameters of M13, the great globular cluster in the Hercules constellation.
		The Globular Cluster Crystal comes with clear rubber feet to avoid scratches on your desk or mantel.
	www.bathsheba.com /crystal/cluster (252 words)

	Hercules Globular Cluster M13 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		M13, the Hercules cluster, is the most impressive globular cluster readily visible throughout the U.S. It is believed to contain hundreds of thousands (perhaps millions) of stars bound together by their own gravitational pull.
		This photograph captures the cluster better than an eyepiece view at home, but the view through the 10" telescope under a dark sky is simply breathtaking.
		The stars in globular clusters are low in metallicity, indicating that they are relatively old.
	www.djgares.com /id41.html (176 words)

	Astronomy Online - Messier Objects
		M9 - a globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus.
		M10 - a globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus.
		M12 - "Gumball Cluster" a globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus.
	www.astronomyonline.org /Astrophotography/Messier.asp?Cate=Messier (569 words)

	Calvin College Observatory: Images--M13, the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules
		If there are planets orbiting the cluster stars, the nighttime view from such a planet would include thousands of stars brighter than Venus, some as bright as the full moon.
		Hercules is about midway between Vega and Arcturus, the brightest stars in the northern sky.
		The cluster is along the side of the trapezoid closer to Arcturus.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/phys/observatory/images/m13 (554 words)

	M-13, globular cluster (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Globular Cluster M-13 is perhaps the best known deep sky object in the summer sky.
		Since there is no sign of star formation in globular clusters, astronomers have been puzzled by the “blue cluster stars” for years.
		However, recent observation and theory suggests that the blue giants in globular clusters are the result of the merging of two old stars, and are not recently formed young stars.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m13.htm (353 words)

	Pacific Science Center
		Globular clusters are full of the wizened old stars of the galaxy.
		Globular Clusters are the oldest stars in our galaxy (called "Population II" by astronomers).
		The spectacular thing about open cluster stars is that they're all from the same "litter," the stars usually all formed together out of the same diffuse nebula, which you can sometimes see - as in the Pleiades.
	www.pacsci.org /astroinfo (524 words)

	* M13 - (Astronomy): Definition
		Great Hercules Cluster was discovered by Halley in 1714 and Messier observed it on June 1, 1764.
		It is considered the best globular cluster to view at our latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
		The most celebrated object in the constellation is a globular cluster of stars, M13,...
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/m13.html (578 words)

	The Constellations - Enchanted Learning Software
		There are many interesting celestial objects in this large constellation, including globular clusters (M2 and M72), planetary nebulae (NGC 7009 and NGC 7293), the star group M73, a double star (zeta Aqr).
		The globular cluster NGC 1851 and the blue magnitude 5 star (mu Col, a "runaway star") are in Columba.
		Hercules is a Northern Hemisphere constellation that is the fifth largest in the sky.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/stars/constellations.shtml (2295 words)

	Globular Cluster M22 from CFHT
		of the cluster, and the cluster orbits the
		So far, about 140 globular clusters are known to exist in a roughly spherical halo around the
		Globular clusters do not appear spherically distributed as viewed from the Earth, and this fact was a key point in the determination that our Sun is not at the center of our Galaxy.
	www.astronet.ru /db/xware/msg/apod/2005-06-27 (125 words)

	Globular Clusters, by Jim Scala
		Globular clusters, like leaves of a maple tree, are all the same, and yet each one is different.
		In contrast, the galactic cluster represented by M29 is a grouping of stars—a “knot” of stars in the stellar backdrop.
		Until 1946, M71 was listed as a galactic cluster because it appears more like a close group of stars, but after careful analysis, it took its place as a globular cluster only 8,500 light years away.
	www.eastbayastro.org /2000/0900/r0900-8.htm (941 words)

	StarLog - 5/30/2003
		In binoculars, this globular appeared as a fuzzy patch with a stellar core.
		This cluster was really faint, and easy to miss in binoculars if you don't know where to look.
		This was a faint, but large globular cluster, and fairly easy to detect in binoculars.
	www.iolaks.com /softech/astro/20030530.htm (810 words)

	Globular Clusters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The globular star cluster M4 in Scorpius is one of the largest and nearest objects of its type.
		A view of the globular cluster M13 in Hercules, the finest cluster of its type in the northern half of the sky and one of the most spectacular telescopic objects in the heavens.
		The globular star cluster M92 in Hercules is a rich, beautiful, globular cluster that would normally be considered a major show object.
	faculty.frostburg.edu /phys/latta/astronomy/globular.html (230 words)

	Globular Clusters
		There is no gas or dust in a globular cluster, and the stars are old.
		In fact, globular clusters may be the some of the oldest objects in the universe.
		Globular clusters contain hundreds of thousands or millions of stars.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/Globulars.html&link=/tour/link=/people/enlightenment/lepaute.html (188 words)

	M22 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was probably the first globular cluster discovered, by A. Ihle in 1665.
		This globular was included in Halley's list of 6 objects published 1715, and observed by De Cheseaux (his No. 17) and Le Gentil as well as by Abbe Nicholas Louis de la Caille, who included it in his catalog of southern objects as Lacaille I.12.
		M22 is one of the nearer globular clusters at 10,000 light years.
	www.intercom.net /user/shaffer/messier/m22.html (237 words)

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